国家概况填空题

Chapter1

The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain____ and Ireland_____. The longest river of Britain, the___Severn River__, originates in Mid-Wals_______.

Among the four parts of the UK, Northern Ireland____ is the smallest.

The River Thames____, the second largest and the most important river in Britain.

_London_____ is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, __Edinburgh_____ is the capital of Scotland, __Cardiff_____ is the capital of Wales and ___Belfast_____ is the capital of Northern Ireland.

According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over __60___ million. Almost a quarter of the population of the UK lives in _England_____’s prosperous and fertile __southeast_____.

The majority of the UK’s popul ation are descendents of the _Anglo-Saxons__, a _Germanic_____ people from __Europe____ who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.

Most people in Wales, Scotland and Ireland are descendents of the _Celtic People___ who were the earlist known inhabitants of Britain.

English belongs to the _Germanic ____ group of Indo-European_____ family of language.

The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of _Latin and Greek______ words to English.

English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late _15th____ century.

Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of _spelling_____.

Standard English is based on the speech of the _upper___ class of __southeastern_____ England. It is also called __Queen___’s English or _BBC____ English. Standard English is codified to the extent that the __grammar____ and _vocabulary_______ of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used.

At present, nearly _a quarter______ o f the word’s population communicate in English.

Chapter2

The British history before _____ is basically undocumented.

The Celts inhabited the island and____ became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.

The name of Britain came from a _Celtic teibe____---the Britons.

The __Germanic barbarians_____ attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.

By the late 7th century, _Roman Christianity____became the dominant religion in England.

_The Vikings____ began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.

Westminster Abbey was built by _Edward the Confessor____ in 1052.

The _Norman Conquest of England________ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.

__The Magna Carta______________ lay the foundation of the British Constitution today.

__The House of Commons________ and _the House of Lords___________ are the two components of the British Parliament.

The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453) was a series of wars between England and _France___ for trade and territory.

The end of the Wars of the Roses(1445-1485) led to the rule of ____________. Under ______, England became a national state with an efficient centralized government, and started changing from a medieval to modern country.

The direct cause for the Religio us Reformation was King _________’s effort to declare his supreme power over the church.

The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between _the Cavaliers______ and __Roundheads_______.

__Bill of Rights_______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.

Parliament succeeded in establishing a system known as constitutional monarchy in the __Glorious______Revolution.

By the middle of __19th___ century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain.

By the beginning of the _20th__ century, Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance.

Chapter3

The British Constitution is made up of three main parts: ___Statutory Law_____________, ___Common Law___________, ___Conventions______. As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the _legislature_________, the _executive__________, and the ___judiciary_________.

__Parliament__________ is the law-making body of Britain.

The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on public attitude__________.

The house of Lords consists of the __Loeds Spiritual____________ and the __Lords Temporal_____________.

The Prime Minister is the leader of the _maiority_________ party in Parliament.

The ____Cabinet______ is at the center of the British political system. It is the supreme decision-making body in the British government.

In Britain, the parliamentary election is held every _five____ years.

__Scotland______ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.

Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a ____two-party_____

system.

The three political parties in Britain are _the Conservative Party_____________________, ___the Labor Party________________ and __the Liberal Democrats__________________.

The policies of the Conservative Party are charaterized by pragmatism and a belief in __individualism__________.

The headquarters and the standing bodies of the Commonwealth of Nations are all located in __London__________.

Chapter4

By the __1880s_____, the British economy had achieved global dominance.

After __World War II_________, British economy declined.

In ___1946___, Parliament passed two very importand acts to establish a welfare state.

Britain has devoted _74%____ of its land area to agriculture, with two thirds of it for ___Stock raising________.

Coal mining industry in Britain provides _a quarter___ of the energy consumed in the country.

Besides coal, the other major sources of energy in Britain are _nuclear power_____ and ____Oil________.

Chapter5

Compulsory Education in Britain has been a fundamental policy since __1944_______.

In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the ___1960s______.

National Curriculum was introduced in _1988________.

Education in Britain is divided into four stages:__primary____, ____secondary______, _____further _education_________ and ____higher education___________.

About __6%___ of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.

When children finished their secondary schooling at 16, they are required to take a national exam, _the General Certificate of Secondary Education______.

Admittance to universities depends largely on _A-level______ results.

__Backingham University________________ is only privately-financed university in Britain.

___The observer________, first appeared in 1791, is the world’s oldest national newspaper.

__The Times_________, first published in 1785, is the Britain’s oldest daily newspaper.

___The Times _________, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are referred

to as Britain’s “Big Three”.

_British sky Broadcasting Group plc_______ is Britain’s top pay television provider.

The Queen’s official birthday is celebrated with “_Trooping the Color_______________” on the 2nd Saturday in June.

Chapter6

The most famous work in the Old English period is the epic ___Beowulf______.

The most significant Middle English author is the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, whose masterpiece is _Canterbury Tales________.

The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is _drama________.

__Hamlet_______ is regarded as a milestone in Shakespeare’s dramatic development.

__Alexander Pope___________ was the first English poet who could live off the sales of his works alone.

“Preface to _Lyrical Ballads___________” is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”.

Of Dickens’ novels, ___David Copperfield____________ is considered autobiographical.

Chapter8

The United States has _50 ____ states.

The state __Alaska_______ is the largest in area of all the states.

On the mainland of the U.S.A _Texas____ is the largest state.

The longest river in North America is the __Mississippi________ River.

Some of the world famous universities like Havard, Yale and MIT are located in ____New England__________.

__Niagara_________Falls is located on the U.S.-Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

In the U.S.A. the state __Alaska ______ is known as a world full of glaciers, waterfalls and lakes.

Chinatown in __San Francisco___________ is the largest and oldest Chinese settlement in the U.S.

The world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located in the city _____Los Angles________.

The largest minority in the United States is the __black_______, which holds about 12% of America’s population.

Chapter9

The first successful English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in __1607_______.

Pilgrim Fathers are a group of _Puritans________who came to what is now

Plymouth, Massachusetts to avoidpercecution in 1620.

In 1775, the first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in ___Lexington______.

In May 1775, the __Second______ Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.

The Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776, drafted by __Thomas Jefferson___________.

With the signing of the __Treaty of Paris_______________in 1783, the US.

won its independence.

The president __Lincoln______________ issued Emancipation Proclamation to grant freedom to all slaves.

In 1933 President ___Franklin D.Poosevelt______ rallied the people to the banner of his program, known as the “New Deal,” which helped the country get out of the Great Depression.

President __Nixon_______ achieved two diplomatic breakthroughs: reestablishing U.S. relations with China and the former Soviet Union.

President ___Reagan______was the oldest person ever elected as US President in 1980. At the end of his administration, the nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without a recession or depression.

The United Nations was established in April, __1945______.

President Truman declared the “__Truman Doctrine_______________”, aiming at expanding American sphere of influence, which marked the beginning of the cold war period.

Chapter10

The U.S. Constitution came into effect in _1789________.

According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be natural born American citizen of at least ___35___years old and at least a __14___ years’ resident of the U.S..

ThroughoutAmericanhistory Franklin

D.Poosevelt______________________ was the only President who served

more than two successive terms.

___Congress__________ is the law-making and the supreme legislative body of the U.S..

The U.S. Congress consists of two houses: the __Senate_________ and the ___House of Pepresentatives__________________________.

In U.S. Congress, the Senate has _100____ voting members.

In U.S. Congress, the House of Representatives has 435______ voting members plus a non-voting representative from Puerto Rico, Guma and the District of Columbia respectively.

The terms for a Senator and Representative are _six___ and _two___years respectively.

___The Supreme Court____________________ is the highest court of the

U.S..

The Supreme Court of the U.S. is composed of __nine___ justices.

Two major parties in America are the ____Democratic Party________________ and the ____Republican Party__________________.

In the U.S. the symbol of the Democratic Party is a ___donkey__________, and an __elephant____________ represents the Republican Party.

The __President___________ is the chief of the executive branch in the U.S..

The _Cabinet___________ is a nucleus of leadership under the President in the administrative branch, which is the major surce of advice and assistance to the President in the U.S..

__The White House_____________________, located in Washington D.C., is the official presidential residence.

The _Capital___________ is the official building of U.S. Congress.

Chapter12

Formal education in the U.S. consists of elementary________________, secondary and higher education.

Higher education in the U.S. began with the founding of _Harvard College__________ College in 1636.

___Yale_______ University, the third oldest institution of higher education in the U.S., is located in New Haven, Connecticut.

_The New York Times________________________was established in 1851, consistantly ranking number one for editorial quality and news coverage in the U.S.. It is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class.

____The Washington Post_________________________, established in 1877, is the second largest newspaper in the U.S. .

___V oice of American_______________________ is the most famous radio station in the U.S. for the propaganda to foreign countries. It sends news to the whole world in over 40 languages 24 hours a day.

Thanksgiving is celebrated in the U.S. on the ___fourth Thursday in November_________________ __________________.

The national day of the U.S. falls on ____the 4th of July_________. Chapter13

Benjamin Franklin’s most famous work is his __Autobiography______________, which records his rise from poverty and obscurity.

___Washington Irving__________________ is regard ed as “the father of American literature”.

James Fennimore Cooper devoted two great figures to American mythology: the brave __frontiersman______________ and the bold ___Indian_________.

__Ralph Waldo Emerson_______________________ is acclaimed as the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most famous novel is ___The Scarlet letter________________.

___Moby Dick_____________ is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece. The poetic style devised by Walt Whitman is now called __free verse________.

_Mark Twain____________ is considered “the true father of national literature” in the U.S..

Mark Twain’s masterpiece was ___The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn___________________________ __________.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest no vel is __The Great Gatsby______________, and

its theme is about the American Dream.

__Ernest Hemingway___________________, a Nobel Prize winner for Literature, is the author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea, etc.

__Willian Faulkner______________, a giant in the realm of American literature, is the author of The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August, etc.

___Tony Morrison___________________ is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

___Eugene O’neill________________ is America’s greatest playwright, and won the 1936 Nobel Prize for Literature and the Pulitzer Prize for four times . Chapter14

Canada is the __second_______ largest country in the world in terms of territory.

_Ottawa________, is the capital city of Canada, located in the province of Ontario.

__Montreal_________ is the second largest French-speaking city in the world after Paris.

__Vancouver___________ has the second largest Chinatown in North America after San Francisco.

In 1497, __John Cabot____________, an Italian sea captain, sailed west from Britain, discovering the eastern shores of Canada, which Cabot claimed as Newfoundland.

英语国家概况课后题总结和答案

Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest

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