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2015届中考英语备考词汇全案小复习：321-331(10份10组专题)

§321 to do sth/ doing sth

动词不定式(to do sth)与动词的ing 形式，都是非谓语动词。一般地，不定式表示：具体的，某一次特定的或将来的行为。而动词的-ing 形式则表示：抽象的，一般地，具有普遍性的，或正在进行的行为。在句中都能作：主语，宾语，定语，状语，宾补等。如：

① I like swimming, but I dn ’t like to go today. 我喜欢游泳，但今天我不想去。

[注]：下列动词接to do sth.和doing sth 的不同意义：

1．???。

sth. doing try / sth. do try to 试着做某事设法某事尽力 2．???)(。

/ sth. doing remember forget / )(。 / sth. do o remember t forget / 动作已发生记得做过某事忘动作还未发生记得去做某事忘 3．??

?。 sth. do to help t can' 。， sth. doing help '不能帮助做某事忍不住不禁t can 4．???）。（ sth. doing stop ）

（ sth. do to stop 停止该动作停止做某事去做另外一件事停下来去做某事

5．???。

sth. doing on go sth. do on to go 继续做同一件事继续做另一件事 6．???）（ sth. doing want ）

（ sth. do want to 表被动需要做某事表主动想做某事语态

7．???）

。（/ sth. doing need ）

。（/ sth. do to need 表被动需要做某事必须表主动需要做某事必须

§322 towards/ to / for

Ⅰ. for “向……”，接在leave, start, depart 等动词之后，表方向。如：

① She is leaving for Beijing. 她将动身到北京去。

Ⅱ. towards 仅表“方向”，比for 的意味要强。如：

① He is coming towards the house. 他向这房子走来。

Ⅲ. to “向，朝……”表目的地。接在动词come, go, return, proceed, move, march 等后。如：

① Let ’s go to Yangzhou by steamer. 让咱们乘船去杨州吧！

② Soon after his return(he returned) to England, his father died. 当他回英国不久后，他的父亲便去世了。

§323 treat/ heal

二者都是动词，treat 意为“治疗”，强调用药物或医疗手段医治的过程，并不表示治疗了效果。heal 意为“治愈”，指医好伤病。如：

① The dentist is treating his teeth.牙医在为他治牙。

② The doctor healed my burns. 医生治好了我的烧伤。

§324 used to do sth/ be used to doing sth/

be used to do sth/ would

Ⅰ. Used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”（现在不做了），只用于过去时态。如：

① He used to get up early.过去他常早起。（现在已不这样了）

② Her mother used to go shopping on Fridays, but now she does it on Sunday. 她母亲过去常在周五去购物，但现

在她周日去了。

Ⅱ. Be used to (doing)sth. “习惯于做某事”，be used 是被动语态结构。可用于现在、过去、将来多种时态。Be 可用get, become 等代替。如：

① He will be / has been used to getting up early. 他将会/ 已经习惯于早起。

Ⅲ. Be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”， be used 是被动语态结构，其中不定式表目的，可用于多种时态。如：

①Wood is used to make paper.木材用来造纸。

[注]：used to 的否定式有两种：一是：used not to 二是：did n’t use to 如：

①My father used not to smoke.= My father didn’t use to smoke.我爸爸过去不抽烟。

②They used not to live in the country. = They didn’t use to live in the country.

其疑问式是将used 提前，或添加助动词did.

Ⅳ.would是情态动词，没有象used to那样，有过去和现在的对比。不能说明是否现在还做不做。

§325 very / right / just

Ⅰ. right “正好”“就”“立刻”等。如：

①Mike lives right opposite the street.麦克就住在街对面。

②There’s a big stone right in the middle of the road. 路正中有块在石头。

③Lily met an accident right here. 莉莉就是在这儿出事的。

④She’ll be right back. 她马上就回来。

Ⅱ. Just 作为副词，常用在祈使句前以加强语气。如：

①Just think of the result. 试想一下后果吧。

②Just touch it . 你摸摸吧。

③Just wait a moment, please.请稍等。

Ⅲ. very 作为形容词，常与the, this或my, your等连用，以加强语气，表“正是那个”“恰好的”等。如：

①You are the very person I’m looking for. (= You are the right person …) 你正是我要找的人。

②The two men fought on this very spot. (= right in this place) 那两个男子就是在这个地方打起来的。

§326why not/ why don’t

此两者都是表建议的句型，一般可以代换。类似的还有：

▲Let’s…

▲Shall I / we …?

▲How / What about …?

Ⅰ. why not “好的、可以呀、为什么不可以呢？”如：

①--Mum, may I go out to play basketball now? –Why not?

③Why not ask your teacher? 怎么不去问一问你的老师呢？

此外还可表一种不可理解的心情：

①--I won’t see the film again. –Why not?

Ⅱ. why don’t 是一种友好的建议（a friendly suggestion）.无论在什么场合，使用起来十分亲切。后面接主语。如：

①Why don’t you go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢？

②Why don’t I give Lily some colourful pencils? 我给莉莉一些彩笔，好吗？

§327work / job

Ⅰ.job “工作”，既可指固定的工作，也可指临时的或某项具体的工作，是可数名词，前面可用不定冠词a, 也可以有复数形式。如：

①John lost his job. John失业了。

②There were just not enough jobs.没有那么多的工作（可干）。

③Tom’s father is looking for a job.

Ⅱ,work 是个普通用词，泛指一切工作，是不可数名词。如：

①I have a lot of work to this evening. 教师的工作就是教学。

② A teacher’s work is teaching.老师的工作就是教学。

[联想]：搭配

apply/hung for a job.求职get/ find a job.找到一份工作

lose one’s job。失业perform odd job.打零工

quit a job. 辞职have/work a side job 兼职

take a part-time/full-time job in a department store.

在百货公司担任兼职或专职工作。

§328work at/ work on/ work out

Ⅰ. work at 与work on 都可以作“从事于”，后接名词、代词、或动词-ing 形式作宾语。Work at 侧重于表示所从事的工作和性质，而不在于说明正在做什么。此时可将work at译为“学习，研究，写作，致力于”等。如：

①They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这个课题已经有好多年了。

②He is working at a new invention. 他正致力于一项新的发明。

Ⅱ. work on 侧重于表示“从事某项工作”。可将它译为“造；创作；画；做……”。宾语为其具体的对象。常用于进行时态和完成时态。还可表示：“继续工作；对……起作用”如：

①We’re workin on some wood-cuts. 他们正在创作一些木刻作品。

②He has been working on this painting for days. 这张画他已画了好些天了。

③They will work on till sunset. 他们将继续工作，直到日落。

④This medicine will work on the affected part. 这药能对患部起作用。

§329worth/ worthy

Ⅰ.worth可用作名词或形容词，作名词时，意为“价值”，无复数形式；也可解作“值一定金额的数量”如：

①Nobody knew the true worth of his work. 没有人知道他的工作的真实价值。

②Give me one yuan’s worth of apples. 给我一元钱的苹果。

▲worth 作形容词时，只能用作表语，不能作定语，其后常跟钱数或相当于钱的词，表示：“值多少钱”；跟动词的-ing形式，表示“值得（做）……”。如：

③The dictionary is worth5 yuan. 这本字典值5元钱。

④The play is worth seeing.这场戏值得一看。

Ⅱ.worthy是形容词，意为“值得”，主要用作表语，后跟of，再接名词或动词-ing 的被动形式。Worthy 后也可跟不定式。如表被动意思须接不定式的被动语态。如：

①She is worthy of help. 她值得帮助。

②The watch is worthy of being bought. 这块表值得买

③The question is worthy to be discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。

§330each / every

1. each可作代词和形容词，而every只能用作形容词，如可以说each of these dictionaries或each one of these dictionaries, 但不能说every of these dictionaries, 该用every one of these dictionaries。

2. each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个，而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个，不能指两个中每一个。如：可以说each of my eyes, 不可说every one of my eye但可说every one of my toes(脚趾) 。

3. each通常用来指若干固定数目中的每一个，而every往往指“任何一个”如：

Each girl sitting over there is my student. “坐在那里的每一女孩子”指若干固定数目中的每一个，故用each。Every man must do his best. “人人都尽最大的努力”泛指任何一个人，因而用every。

4. every和not连用，即“every…not”或“not…every”构成部分否定，表示“并非每一个”的意思，each则无此结构。

5. every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词，作“每(多少)”解，但each不能用于这一结构中。如：every three days？？每三天或每隔两天，相当于every third day。

6. every two days, every second day都作“每隔一天”解，但在实际应用中人们都用every other day来表示这一意思，every two days也有人讲，而every second day则少用的。

7. 也可以说every few days, 相当于汉语的“隔些日子”。

8. each 可以与other构成固定的搭配，即each other意思为“彼此、相互、互相”的意思，而every则不能Each 与every都有“每个”的意思，但二者含义及语法功能不同，主要区别是：

1. each既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，在句中可以作定语，主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。例如：

Each student has his own dictionary . （形容词，定语）每个学生都有自己的字典。

Each has his good point . （代词，主语）各人有各自的优点。

Our headteacher had a talk with each of us . （代词，宾语）我们的班主任与我们每个人都谈了话。

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1.家庭与人物称呼及职业职务 ①家庭人员 aunt 姨母；姨母姑母；伯母；婶母brother 兄；弟 cousin 堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹couple 夫妇 dad（daddy）爸爸 daughter 女儿 family 家；家庭；家人；亲属；家族father 爸爸；父亲 grandchild 孙子/女，外孙子/孙女granddaughger 孙女，外孙女 grandfather 祖父；外祖父 grandma （口）奶奶；外婆grandmother 祖母；外祖母 grandpa （口）爷爷；外公grandparent 祖父母；外祖父母 grandson 孙子，外孙子 granny 老奶奶 husband 丈夫 Mom(美Mum) 妈妈 mother 母亲；妈妈 parent 父母亲 relation 关系；亲属关系 sister 姐；妹 son 儿子 uncle 叔；伯；舅；姨夫；姑夫 wife （pl. wives）妻子 ②人物称呼 adult 成年人 Asian 亚洲人；亚洲的adj.

baby 婴儿；小孩 boy 男孩 child （复数children）孩子 classmate 同班同学 elder 长者；前辈 enemy 敌人 European 欧洲人；欧洲的adj. fan 迷（热情崇拜者）；扇 foreigner 外国人 gentleman 绅士 girl 女孩 friend 朋友 god 神；（God）上帝 guest 客人，来宾 hero 英雄 human 人类 kid 小孩 lady 女士,夫人 madam=madame 夫人，女士 man (pl.men) 成年男人；人，人类 member 成员,会员 Miss 小姐,女士 Mr. ( mister) 先生 Mrs. (mistress) 夫人,太太（称呼已婚妇女） Ms. 女士（用于婚姻状况不明的女子姓名前）neighbor（美neighbor) 邻居 nobody 渺小人物 officer 军官，警官；官员，高级职员 owner 所有者；业主 patient 病人，患者 person 人 pioneer 先锋，开拓者 passenger 乘客，旅客 people 人；人们 person 人 prisoner 囚犯 public 公众 sir 先生