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2015年上海焊工分类考试试题

2015年上海焊工分类考试试题
2015年上海焊工分类考试试题

2015年上海焊工分类考试试题

本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。

一、单项选择题(共25题,每题2分,每题的备选项中,只有 1 个事最符合题意)

1、斜Y形坡口焊接裂纹试验方法所产生的裂纹,多出现于__。

A.焊缝处的热影响区

B.焊根尖角处的热影响区

C.焊根尖角处的熔合区

D.焊缝处的熔合区

2、焊接设备检查的主要内容是,焊接设备的__和焊接设备技术条件。

A.基本参数

B.技术理论

C.网路电流

D.额定电压

3、气刨时伸出长度越长__,太短则操作不便。

A.碳棒电阻小烧损也就慢

B.碳棒电阻越小对烧损无影响

C.碳棒电阻越大烧损也就慢

D.碳棒电阻越大烧损也就快

4、氧气与乙炔的混合比值为l~1.2时,其火焰为()。

A.碳化焰

B.中性焰

C.氧化焰

D.混合焰

5、将钢加热到A3以上或A1左右一定温度,保温后缓慢(一般随炉冷却)而均匀冷却的热处理方法称为退火,它可以__。

A.提高钢的硬度、提高塑性

B.降低钢的硬度、提高塑性

C.提高钢的硬度、降低塑性

D.降低钢的硬度、降低塑性

6、焊条电弧焊时,一般希望弧长保持一定,而且尽可能__。

A.用长弧

B.用短弧

C.是任意的

D.用不长不短的弧

7、超声波在金属中有__的穿透能力。

A.较密

B.较差

C.良好

D.较疏

8、钎焊时应将焊件和钎料加热到__的温度。

A.等于钎料熔点但低于母材熔点

B.高于钎料熔点但低于母材烘干熔点

C.高于钎料熔点并等于母材熔点

D.高于钎料熔点且高于母材熔点

9、气刨时压缩空气与使用的电流有关,随着电流增大,__。

A.压缩空气的压力不应提高

B.压缩空气的压力应减小

C.压缩空气的压力没有变化

D.压缩空气的压力也应相应提高

10、()是铁和碳的化合物,分子式Fe3C。

A.珠光体

B.渗碳体

C.贝氏体

D.魏氏组织

11、在使用等离子弧切割设备时,应定期检查减速箱润滑情况,每年一般更换__次润滑油。

A.5~6

B.4~5

C.3~4

D.1~2

12、在阴极区和阳极区之间的区域称为弧柱区,由于阴极区和阳极区长度极小,故__是电弧的长度。

A.阴极区的长度就可以认为

B.阳极区的长度就可以认为

C.弧柱的长度不可以认为

D.弧柱的长度就可以认为

13、__是钢焊缝金属中的有害气体。

A.氩气

B.氟气

C.CO2

D.氮气

14、手弧焊时,产生未焊透的原因是__。

A.焊接电流过小

B.电弧电压过低

C.焊接速度过慢

D.工件上有锈、水、油污等

15、不能削弱焊缝有效工作截面的焊接缺陷是__。

A.咬边

B.夹渣

C.气孔

D.焊缝余高超高

16、在立焊位置气焊时,应采用比平焊时小()左右的火焰能率来进行焊接。A.10%

B.25%

C.15%

D.30%

17、用碱性焊条焊接时,因在焊条药皮中含有的氟化物质放出__,所以比酸性焊条焊接时对工人健康的危害大。

A.CaCO3

B.CO气体

C.CO2气体

D.有毒气体

18、焊接区域的__使焊缝金属产生的焊接缺陷是气孔和冷裂纹。

A.氧

B.氢

C.氮

D.氦

19、选择补焊方法时可不考虑的因素是__。

A.能否将被焊件翻动

B.焊件的厚薄

C.缺陷的深浅

D.缺陷的长短

20、钢与铝及其合金焊接时采用的焊接方法是__。

A.焊条电弧焊

B.钨极氩弧焊

C.埋弧焊

D.冷压焊

21、板材对接要求全焊透,采用I形坡口双面埋弧焊工艺,在进行后焊的正面焊道焊接时,若熔池背面为__色,表示熔深符合要求。

A.看不见颜色

B.暗红

C.淡黄

D.白亮

22、低碳素钢热影响区的脆化区是指加热温度在__的区域。

A.200~400℃

B.>400℃

C.<200℃

D.熔合区

23、奥氏体不锈钢与铁素体钢焊接时,易出现的问题是__。

A.焊缝熔合线低温冲击韧性值升高

B.焊缝熔合线低温冲击韧性值下降

C.焊缝热影响区冲击韧性升高

D.产生气孔

24、乙炔是一种无色有特殊臭味的气体,是一种__,分子式为C2H2,比空气略轻。

A.氮氢化合物

B.碳氢化合物

C.碳氧化合物

D.氢氧化合物

25、铸铁采用半热焊法焊补时,预热温度为__。

A.150℃左右

B.200℃左右

C.300℃左右

D.400℃左右

二、多项选择题(共25 题,每题2分,每题的备选项中,有 2 个或 2 个以上符合题意,至少有1 个错项。错选,本题不得分;少选,所选的每个选项得0.5 分)

1、职业道德的基本规范是______。

A.爱岗敬业,忠于职守

B.诚实守信,办事公道

C.服务群众,奉献社会

D.遵纪守法,廉洁奉公

2、焊接生产现场应保持必要的通道,人行通道宽度不小于__。

A.1m

B.2m

C.3m

D.5m

3、气焊时焊嘴倾角大,则火焰集中热量损失小__。

A.焊件受热量小、升温慢

B.焊件受热量小、升温快

C.焊件受热量大、升温慢

D.焊件受热量大、升温快

4、焊条药皮的主要作用有______。

A.渣、气联合保护

B.脱氧精炼

C.传导电流

D.稳定电弧

E.添加合金

F.改善焊接工艺

5、紫铜焊接时容易产生的问题主要是______。

A.易变形

B.气孔

C.热裂纹

D.难熔合

E.冷裂纹

F.焊接接头的力学性能降低

6、通常情况下气体是不导电的,为了使其导电,必须使气体电离,即必须在气体中形成足够数量的__。

A.自由电子和负离子

B.自由分子和质子

C.自由电子和中子

D.自由电子和正离子

7、自由电弧在______的作用下形成等离子弧。

A.机械压缩效应

B.热收缩效应

C.磁收缩效应

D.水压缩效应

E.化学压缩效应

F.电子压缩效应

8、__不是影响焊接热循环的因素。

A.预热和层间温度

B.焊接参数

C.母材导热性能

D.焊接位置

9、控制复杂结构件焊接变形和焊后热处理方法是__。

A.消氢处理

B.淬火

C.正火

D.退火和高温回火

10、熔焊过程都须采取有效隔离空气的保护措施,其基本形式有______等几种。A.电子流保护

B.光子流保护

C.真空焊接

D.气体保护

E.熔渣保护

F.等离子流保护

11、根据“焊缝符号表示法”规定,焊缝符号包括______等。

A.焊接顺序符号

B.基本符号

C.辅助符号

D.补充符号

E.焊缝尺寸符号

F.焊接方法代号

12、焊接时,弧焊变压器过热是由于__。

A.焊机过载

B.电缆线过长

C.焊接电缆断线

D.电源线误碰罩壳

13、酸性焊条的熔渣由于(),所以不能在药皮中加入大量合金。

A.还原性强

B.氧化性强

C.粘度太小

D.脱渣效果差

14、在电极材料,气体介质和弧长一定的情况下,电弧稳定燃烧时,焊接电流与电弧电压变化的关系,称为__。

A.电弧动特性

B.电弧外特性

C.电弧调节特性

D.电弧静特性

15、__不属于低合金专业用结构钢。

A.耐蚀钢

B.低合金低温钢

C.珠光体耐热钢

D.马氏体不锈钢

16、在铸铁焊补时,为了得到灰铸铁焊缝,可在焊缝中加入促进石墨化元素,如______等。

A.镍

B.铜

C.钒

D.碳

E.硅

F.硫

17、钛及钛合金具有______的优异性能。

A.耐腐蚀性好

B.比强度大

C.韧性好

D.焊接性好

E.易于成

F.与生物相容性好

18、火焰矫正法适用于__构件矫正焊接变形。

A.奥氏体不锈钢

B.珠光体耐热钢

C.16Mn钢

D.中碳钢

19、产生焊瘤的原因有______。

A.电流过大

B.电流过小

C.焊速太快

D.焊速太慢

E.装配不当

F.熄弧过快

20、中厚板对接仰焊位置半自动二氧化碳气体保护焊应采用__。

A.左焊法

B.右焊法

C.立向下焊

D.立向上焊

21、逆变弧焊电源主要由__组成。

A.供电系统

B.电子功率系统

C.给定反馈

D.电子控制系统

E.电源开关

F.地线

22、焊缝中,与氢无关的缺陷是()。

A.气孔

B.白点

C.冷裂纹

D.时效硬化

23、弧焊电源的接线柱等带电部分__,应有良好的安全保护。

A.为接线方便必须外露

B.可部分外露

C.接线紧密的可以外露

D.不得外露

24、乙炔是一种具有爆炸性危险的气体,纯乙炔当压力为0.15MPa,温度为__时就可能发生爆炸。

A.580℃

B.500℃

C.450℃

D.400℃

25、奥氏体不锈钢焊接时,如果焊接材料选用不当或焊接工艺不合理时,会产生__等问题。

A.降低接头耐晶间腐蚀能力和热裂纹

B.降低接头耐晶间腐蚀能力和冷裂纹

C.降低接头耐晶间腐蚀能力和再热裂纹

D.降低接头耐晶间腐蚀能力和接头软化

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