情态动词教师版版
情态动词
编题人：徐红燕一．基本概念
（一）情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点
1）有一定词义；
2)不受主语人称和数的变化影响；
3) 与主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。
二. 情态动词的分类和意义
三．情态动词表推测
Can / Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？
She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那儿
He must stay there。他必须呆在那儿
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You could have hurt somebody.
你为什么向窗外扔瓶子，你可能会砸伤别人的。
四．情态动词+ have done 表虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设
1. Could have done本来可以
He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.可以免费入场却没这么做
2. would have done‖虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是―本来会做‖。
I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
3. should have done意思是―本来应该做某事，而实际没做。‖
shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have shouted at you the other day.---Forget it.. I was a bit out of control myself.
---My cat is really fat
.—You shouldn’t have g iven her so much food!
―ought to have done‖表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成―理应做……‖，往往表示遗憾。
与―should have done‖用法基本一样。
4. need have done 本来需要做而实际上没做
needn't have done 则表示―本来不需要做某事而做了‖。
--Kate, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could m anage it!
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
5. would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
6. would rather +have done当时宁愿做了而没做
I would rather have refused his offer.
五．情态动词辨析
1.dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare to (answer).
Don’t you dare (to ) touch it ?
He needs to finish it this evening.
2. would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向―总是,总要‖
used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）―过去常常‖
used to 可与状态动词连用；
would不可以
He used to be a quiet boy. （√）
He would be a quiet boy. (×)
He used to ∕would smoke while writing.
3.比较can 和be able to
1)can/could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
be able to可以用于各种时态。：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 情态动词用法口诀
否定may时mustn’t，否定must（为）needn’t。
祝愿句中只用may，把握不大用might。
ought 、should两相通，语气ought to较重。该做没做用完成。
情态need常否、疑，接完成时―本不必‖；
肯定should 、must，动名、不定为实意。
条件、疑问与否定，dare to do表实动。
情态动词练习
单选
1. He B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn't
D. can't
2. I B have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
3. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They B at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
4. -Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
-- She C . I've already borrowed one.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
5. There C be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn't
B. shan't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
6. ----I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
----It D Harry's. He always wears green.
A. has to be
B. will be
C. mustn't be
D. could be
7. Helen C go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
8. ----Who is the girl standing over there?
---- Well, if you C know, her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
9. "The interest D be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made
by both sides," declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
10. ---- I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
----Y ou D her last week.
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
11. ----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
----Y ou A have my computer if you don't take care of it.
A. shan't
B. might not
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
12. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I A report it to the police?
A. should
B. may
C. will
D. can
13. Mr. White A at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
14. Y ou C be tired----you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won't
C. can't
D. may not
15. Y ou can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman C be so rude to a lady.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
16. When the old man was alive, he A sit for hours at the door.
A. would
B. could
C. must
D. might
17. She D into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go
B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go
D. doesn’t dare to go
18. --- Where is Jack? I can’t find him anywh ere.
--- He C his homework upstairs.
A. might have done
B. must have done
C. might be doing
D. must do
19. — Y ou know that you were driving 100 km an hour, don't you?
—No officer, I B . This car doesn't do more than 80.
A. may not have been
B. couldn't have been
C. mustn't have been
D. shouldn't have been
20. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he B in the final exam.
A. mustn't fail
B. couldn't have failed
C. ought not to fail
D. mustn't have failed
21. — What's wrong with your pen'?
— The ink D come out.
A. can't
B. doesn't
C. hasn't
D. won' t
22. There B some flowers in the garden.
A. would have
B. used to be
C. would be
D. used to have
23. He B lead a horse to the water but he _____ not make it drink.
A. will; can
B. may; can
C. may; dares
D. dare; can
24. ―Need we do this job now?‖―Yes, C .‖
A. you need
B. you should
C. you must
D. you can
25. –Is John coming by train? --He should, but he D not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
26. Michael B be a policeman, for he′s much too short.
A. needn′t
B. can′t
C. shouldn′t
D. won′t
27. Come on! We B hurry because there isn’t much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
完成句子
1. I’ve decided to take the job and I won’t change my mind (不会改变主意). (change)
2. This cake is very sweet. Y ou must have put (一定是放了) a lot of sugar in it. put()
3.--- Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
--- Well. He can't have gone far (不可能走远); his coat is still here. (go)
4. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
----Oh, dear! She must have gone though (准是经历了) a lot o of difficulties! (go)
5. Tom ought not to have told me (不该告诉我) your secret, but he meant no harm.(ought)
6. I would like to have read (想读) the article, but I was very busy then.。(would)
7. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so (其实没有必要). The weather was hot. (need)
8. Philip may /might have been hurt seriously (可能受了重伤)in the car accident. (hurt)
9. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting (准是在批改)our exam papers. (correct)
10. If it should rain(万一下雨) tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)