二星笔试各部分要点_+_语法
通用英语星级考试 (笔试?二星)大纲
考试时间：60分钟
第一部分听力理解(40个项目 40%)
这部分主要内容有语速为每分钟80—90个单词的句子、对话及短文。具体测试要求是：
1．了解主要内容；
2．听懂主要细节。
该部分共有五节：
一、听句选词：根据听到的句子，从三个选择项中选择出所听到的单词，共8道题目，占总分8%。
二、看图选答：根据听到的句子或问题，从三个图片选项中选出最恰当的答案，共7道题目，占总分7%。
三、听句选答：根据听到的句子或问题，选出最恰当的应答句，共8道题目，占总分8%。
四、对话理解：听对话，选出最恰当的答案，共7道题目，占总分7%。
五、篇章理解：根据听到的短文，从三个选项中选出最恰当的答案。共两篇短文，各5道题目，占总分10%。
注：每节只听一遍。
第二部分语法与词汇(35个项目 35%)
这部分主要内容有根据语法、词汇知识将单句补充完整、准确理解单句以及根据上下文将短文补充完整。具体测试要求是：
1. 理解单句；
2. 理解简单的短文；
3. 准确把握要点和主要细节。
该部分共有三节：
一、看句选词：从三个单词或词组选项中选出最佳答案，将句子补充完整，共20道题目，占总分20%。
二、看句选句：看句选句：根据要求三个选项中选出正确的句子，共7道题目，占总分7%。
三、完型填空：阅读一篇短文，从三个选项中选择正确的答案，将短文补充完整，共8道题目，占总分8%。
第三部分阅读理解(25个项目 25%)
该部分主要内容是根据图片及相关问题，作出正确选择；理解短文，作出正确判断或选择。具体测试要求是：
1. 理解图片；
2. 理解短文；
3. 把握要点和主要细节。
该部分共有三节：
一、看图选答：根据所给的一幅图片及相关问题，从三个选项中选出最恰当的答案，共5道题目，占总分5%。
二、短文理解(1)：阅读短文，判断句子是否与短文内容相符；共两篇短文，各5道题目，占总分10%。
三、短文理解(2)：阅读短文，从三个选项中选择正确的答案；共两篇短文，各5道题目，占总分10%。
第一部分第一节：听句选词的要点
第一部分的第一节听词选句是根据听到的句子，从3个选择项中选出听到的单词，共8题，占总分8%。要求孩子必须了解主要内容，听懂主要细节。这部分语速为每分钟80到90个单词的句子，对话和短文。考题分4节：听句选词，听句选答，对话理解，篇章理解。该项目涉及到考生的听力水平以及词汇量大小，熟练度，与之相关的是学生对单词，词组的听辨能力，包含同音词，音近词，形似词等等。在听的过程中，要教会孩子必须善于归纳，分辨读音相似或相近，拼法相近的词汇，熟悉英语朗读的规律，了解英美国家人士说话习惯和语音语调，记录要有重点，有技巧，如数次可用阿拉伯数字来记录，地点人名用代号或音标等符号记录，然后再行配对。听力开始时。务必消除紧张心理，集中精神进入最佳状态！
针对第一部分第一节的范例
听力文字：Here is some flour for you to make some bread.
选项：A .some flowes B.some flour C.some floors
分析：从3个选项中可以看出，该题是考查考生对同音词的听辨能力的，所以听题目时要注意把握句子的整体大意，听究竟是和花，面粉还是和地板有关？而当我们听到:"make some bread"时，就可以马上判断出是用面粉来做面包，就算再听不明白，和面包有关的一般总是面粉吧，所以选B是正确答案。
第一部分第二节：听句选答的要点和技巧
根据听到的句子或问题，选出最恰当的应答，共10题。占总分10%。
复习要点：该项测试考生在类似于日常生活中情景获取口头信息的能力和对日常交际用语的反应敏感度。把握好2点：一要辨别它表达的建议，去请求，询问，感谢，祝贺，陈述，道歉，又或是感叹等，再从提供的答案选项中找出符合语言环境的合适应答。英语的应答机要礼貌得体，又要符合英美人的文化习惯，还包括语法问题;正确回答一般疑问句，选择疑问句，特殊疑问句和反义疑问句。要在这节拿满分，考生要多积累一些日常用语，掌握其使用的场合和针对的现象。牢记听说不分家，多说多听，熟练应用。
针对第一部分第二节的范例
听力文字:Hello,this is Perer.May I speak to Jane?
选项：A.Oh,I am Jane. B.Hello,Jane. C.This is Jane speaking.
分析：这道题目试图通过打电话这一场景，折射出中西文化的差异，在对方接听电话的要说：This is........ speaking."这是一种固定说法而不是其他，了解相关常识和文化后马上就可以做出正确选择：C。
第一部分第三节对话理解，听对话选出最恰当的应答，共7题，占总分7%
这项测试是针对考生对口语化的听力材料的感性认识，考题可能对人物，时间，地点等进行提问。要求考生能听懂英语国家人士反映日常生活内容的交谈，并就听到的内容进行推理和分析，答题的关键是先看清题目，预览3个选项的内容后再听录音，那样就可以有目的地去听，抓住对话中的重点内容，分清主次信息。有的题目需要进行换算，如一件衣服多少钱，现在时的时间，今天是星期几等，听时可适当做些快速的笔记，答题时便可轻而易举，还有的考题是考全局的概念，那就需要通过语境来判断。
针对第一部第三节的范例
听力文字：Woman:What nice T-shirt! What's the price?
Man:Oh,madam,they are not dear.Ten yuan for each. But you only have to pay fifteen yuan for two.
Woman:All righr, I'll buy four.
Man:Ok,Here you are.
Q:How much does the woman have to pay?
选项：A.10yuan B.15yuan C.30yuan 分析：本题通过对选项的预览便可推断出此题与金钱数字有关，所以在听力过程中需把相关的数字做简单快速的记录，以备做加减乘除的换算，另外在本题转折词But的出现，需要把握其前后所听到的内容。关键点如下：Ten yuan for each,but...pay fifteen yuan for two,I'll buy four.
第一部分第四节：篇章理解
A:听短文，判断句子是否与短文内容相符，共5题，占总分5%。
B:听短文，从四个选项中选出最恰当的答案，共5题，占总分5%
第四节要点
这是听力测试中较难的一个部分，不但要求考生能听懂短文大意。而且还侧重于考察学生的记忆能力，逻辑思维判断能力，要求考生能记住有关事实或数据，并能进行正确的判断和选择。在听完一遍后回答出若干问题或选择。因此，这是对学生英语综合技能的考查。
听短文前，要充分利用时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题选项所提供的信息，预测短文可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料是就可以有的放矢，有所侧重，从而提高答题的准确率。
听录音时，一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，万一听不清马上放弃！要把重点放在听关键句上，一边听一边把要点和关键词记下来。
针对第一部分第四节A部分的范例：
A判断下面的句子是否符合你所听到短文的内容，符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示。
（）1.When I am a frog. I still have a tail.
（）2.I have two names.
（）3.I don't like eating insects.I like eating flowers.
（）4.Frogs are our good friends.
（）5.The frog doesn't like his life.
听力文字：I will become a green frog .But now I am a small black egg.One day,two days,......Oh,I was a black egg. Now I have got a tail. I am a brown tadpole. I am swimming in the pond. Two months later, I am a beautiful frog. I'm not an ugly brown tadpole. I have four strong legs. My tail si missing . Ican jump and swim. I like eating insects. I am a good friend of human. I think every day is beautiful. I like my life.
答案：1F 2T 3F 4T 5F
听力分析：在答题前快速读一遍选项。然后再听的时候眼睛要迅速移动，初步把握住内容。了解大意，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词语，以便验证。
名词：可数名词
不可数名词
可数名词单数（单个）复数（两个以上）
单数复数
不但要清楚变化规则，也应该了解在什么情况下要使用可数名词复数形式
一 some（表示一些时）、many、a lot of、lots of、plenty of，all，most，enough，no，a few、two three four．．．．．．（二及以上），a pair of．．．．．．后如果用可数名词，就必须是可数名词复数形式
变化规则
①一般规则：词尾加s
②辅音字母以y结尾，y加ies
例如：story故事， family家庭，library图书馆，butterfly蝴蝶，country乡村，body身体，candy糖果，study书房，belly腹部，ferry渡轮，cherry樱桃，lorry卡车
比较：boy，toy因为元音字母加y，所以直接加s
③以s，ss，sh，x，ch结尾，加es
例如：bus巴士，class班级、课程，dress连衣裙，brush刷子，box盒子，fox狐狸，watch手表
比较：ox公牛，其复数为oxen
④辅音字母以o结尾，加es
例如：potato土豆，tomato番茄，hero英雄
比较：hippo河马，metro地铁，photo照片直接加s
f或fe结尾，f，fe加ves
例如：leaf叶子，thief小偷，wolf狼，life生命，knife小刀，scarf围巾，self自己，shelf 架子
比较：roof，giraffe直接加s
单复数同形（并非不可数名词），即其复数形式与单数形式相同
例如：sheep羊，deer鹿，fish表示不同种类鱼，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人
特殊变化
Ox公牛复数形式为：oxen
Child孩子复数形式为：children
Mouse老鼠复数形式为：mice
Tooth牙齿复数形式为：teeth
Foot足复数形式为：feet
Man男人复数形式为：men
Woman女人复数形式为 men，包括所有man结尾表示**人的名词，复数形式都men
二有一类词“天生”带有s 不可拆分型\可拆分型\固定搭配型\“不可拆分型”
例如： trousers裤子 pants裤子、短裤 shorts短裤 chopsticks筷子
glasses眼镜（注意，glass表示玻璃时不可数，表示玻璃杯时可数，只有表示眼镜时必须带s）这类名词本身成对出现，比如裤子两个裤筒，所以s不能去掉，没有单数形式，不能用a，但可以用两次pair修饰
A trousers（×）
A pair of trousers（√）但语法意义为单数
“可拆分型”
Shoes鞋子
Gloves手套
Boots靴子
Socks袜子
这类单词大多数成双出现，但也可以表示一只鞋子
A shoe 一只鞋（√）
A pair of shoes（√）
固定搭配型
Make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
Shake hands with sb 与某人握手
Take down notes 记笔记
Video games 电子游戏
Sports meeting 运动会
不可数名词
一用much，some，a little，little，all，most，enough，no，a lot of，lots of，plenty of 修饰
二不可数名词是物质（材料）、液体，以及其它一些我们认为不是个别独立的物体的名称，不可数名词数量无法统计，但可通过加量词来衡量
动词看量词单复
例如： milk牛奶不可数，但 a cup of milk一杯牛奶，two cups of milk两杯牛奶但牛奶还是不可数名词，所以s加在cup这个量词后，注意：a cup of milk is hot
two cups of milk are hot
试卷分析
考试用书 p17 语法与词汇 part A 看句选词
36 Bees come in Spring.
A away
B out
C with
很明显，come out在这儿表示出现，所以选B come away表示离开
37 Drivers can’t see well in the
A fog
B wind
C snow
司机们在雾中看不清楚，选A fog 雾
38 When you drink milk every day？
A did
B does
C do
看到every day 判定为一般现在式，看到有知道一二人称，看到文句知道助动词do，所以选C
39 I often go during my summer holiday.
A swimming
B to swimming
C swim
Go为动词后只能跟动名词或动词不定式
所以选A swimming（动名词）
B选项，动词不定式应该是 to 加动词原形
如果搞不懂动名词不定式也可简单记住词组
go fishing 去掉鱼， go swimming 去游泳， go flying 去飞
go shopping 去购物等
40 Tom is playing with .
A blocks
B block
C a block
作为积木时是 blocks ，play with 是玩***玩具的意思，因此选A
41 What a red apple!
A fat
B thick
C big
本题考查的是形容词与名词的搭配问题，很明显fat胖的、thick厚的都不能用来修饰apple,而C big是正确答案，可以修饰apple
42 are you writing to?
A Who
B What
C When
正确答案为A，翻译为你正在写给谁？这里的writing to 缺个宾语，而who用来代替人作宾语
43 I d on’t know about him.
A much
B many
C some
much可以用来修饰不可数名词/抽象名词
这儿的了解的内容是抽象的概念，所以选A much
然而Some不能用在否定句或疑问句中 many用来修饰可数名词
44 It’s good you to do morning exercise.
A about
B for
C of
本句想表达的是“早锻炼对你的身体有好处。”be good for 这个词组表示“对。。。有好处”，因此选B .
45 Did you see John? What he ?
A does…say
B is…saying
C did…say
注意此题是两者的对话，答句必须与问句时态保持一致，问句是一般过去式，因此选 C did…say
46 My daddy reads every evening.
A newspaper
B newspapers
C news paper
英语中报纸是newspapers(由于有很多张)，所以选B
47 Pink is my color.
A favorite
B like
C best
空格中缺最喜欢的即favorite，best最好的，是good/well的最高级
48 We keep our nails short.
A can
B should
C may
我们应该留短指甲，因此选B 表示应该，须要。。。
49 I’m looking my watch.
A for
B in
C around
look for 这个词组表示寻找，它与 find区别在于，look for 强调过程，而find强调结果，表示找到（同类的还有 look at 和 see, listen to 和 hear）
50 went to the zoo yesterday.
A I and my friends
B My friends an I
C Mine friends and I
英语中如果并列关系，总是先提到他人再提及自己，因此英语也是一门非常严谨而注重礼节的语言选B
51 Here one of my story books. Do you want to read it?
A is
B are
C be
注意one of ……(无论多少个当中的一项) 的语法意义是单数(因此相对应的选择is
52 I’ll answer the phone. Daddy is a shower.
A doing
B washing
C having
爸爸在洗澡（淋浴）。我来接电话。 Have a shower为固定词组，表示洗澡的意思，此处是现在分词。小朋友们要注意一些固定词组的积累，至少要会英汉互译，当中的a 也是不能随意更换的，是约定俗成的讲法。
53 Bob likes to take plane with his parents.
A \
B the
C a
这儿，take the plane 也是固定搭配，the不能更换
54 Maggie， drink up the milk in your !
A cup
B pan
C tray
此类题考查小朋友的词汇知识，cup解释为杯子，pan是平底锅的意思，tray解释为托盘。因此应该选择A杯子
Drink up 是动副词组，解释为喝光
55 I saw a snake the grass in the park yesterday.
A on
B between
C in
草丛里，in the grass 选A, 介词的搭配也是容易忽视的考点之一
冠词
不定冠词
定冠词
一不定冠词a/an用于可数名词单数前／固定搭配
an
1用于元音音素开头的单词前
比如an apple, an orange, an ear, an eye, an arm, an uncle, an aunt, an English book, an American girl, an envelope, an idea, an owl, an artist, an art-lesson, an exercise-book, an office-lady, an eraser, an overcoat,an elephant,an ant, an airport...
2有许多字母也是元音音素开头
比如要表示单词little当中有个字母l :There is an “l”in the word “little”. 元音音素开头的单词有：“a”, “e”, “f”, “h”, “i”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “o”, “s”, “x”
a
1用于半元音音素或者辅音音素开头的单词前
比如a university student 虽然是元音字母u，有很多小朋友会选择an ，其实university的u的发音是半元音，因此用a
2用于一些固定搭配
a great deal of（用于不可数名词前）大量a lot of (许多）
a number of (用于可数名词前）若干
see a movie看电影
a few (用于可数名词前）一些／一点
go for a walk去散步
take a walk散步
a little (用于不可数名词前）一些／一点
have a try 试一下
have a good time 度过一段快乐的时光
have a rest／take a break 休息一下
have a cold着凉，感冒
have a talk谈话
make a noise 吵吵闹闹
make a living谋生
make a fire生火
make a choice 作选择
once in a while偶尔
定冠词the意思与this,that,these,those相近，名词前（无论单复可数或不可数）都能使用1 特指通常可以翻译成这个／那个
Open the door,please. 谈话者都知道所指哪扇门
Which bag do you like,the red or the blue?前文中出现过的内容
2天体，宇宙间独一无二的东西
the sun太阳
the moon月亮
the stars星星
the wind 风
the cloud 云
the Great Wall长城
3 形容词副词的最高级前（副词the可省略）
比如 who is the cleverest student in our class?(最聪明的the不能省）
Xiang Liu runs (the) fastest.(刘翔跑得最快，the可加可不加）
4 用在序数词及表示序列的词前
比如 the first, the second, the third, the fifth, the eighth, the ninth, the twelfth, the twentieth
（这八个序数词也可以记一下，是序数词中比较特殊的八个，除了这八个之外的序数词构成方法只要在基数词后直接加th就可以了）
比如 the next morning,....第二天早晨。。。。
The last dish is fish soup.最后一道菜是鱼汤。
It has the same color. 它有同样的颜色。
He is the only child in his family.他是他们家唯一的孩子
5用于江，河，湖，海或专有名词前
比如 the Yellow sea黄海， the Yangtze river长江
the Pacific太平洋 the Atlantic大西洋
the Bund外滩 the Great Wall长城
the United Kingdom英国
the United States 美国
the People’s republic of China中国
the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
the Lantern Festival元宵节
the Spring Festival春节
6固定搭配
at the top of 在....的顶部
at the back of 在...的背面
at the edge of 在...的边上
at the bottom of 在...的底部
at the foot of 在...的脚下
at the beginning 在...的开始
at the end of 在...的结束
on the air播出中at/in/on the corner of 在....的角上
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 挡路
in the end 最终
in the face of 面对...,尽管...
in the east 在东方
in the north在北方
in the west在西方
in the south在南方
in the middle of 在...的中间
in the top right-hand corner of 在...的右上角
in the top left-hand corner of 在...左上角
in the bottom right-hand corner of 在...右下角
in the bottom left-hand corner of 在...左下角
7 表示演奏某种乐器时
play the piano弹钢琴
play the accordion拉手风琴
play the violin拉小提琴
play the flute吹笛子
play the guitar弹吉他
play the drum打鼓
play golf打高尔夫球
注意一些不加冠词的用法
1当English,Chinese,Japanese，Maths,Physics,Science,Art等解释为语言或学科时，不能加the I study English every day. 我每天学英语
She speaks Japanese.她说日语
My favorite subject is Maths. 我最喜欢的学科是数学
2 in spring在春天， in summer在夏天
in autumn 在秋天， in winter在冬天
at night在晚上 , at midnight在午夜
at noon正午, at sunrise在日出时
at sunset在日落时, at dawn在黎明时
at dusk在日落时, on Saturday afternoon在周六下午
on Monday周一， in March在三月
in 2010 at home在家
不加the
in the spring(错误）
3 当play搭配某种运动项目时不加the
play football踢足球， play basketball打篮球
play cards 打牌， play tennis打网球
play chess下棋， play table tennis打乒乓
play volleyball打排球
4 表示通过某种交通工具，介词后不加the
by air/plane乘飞机
by ship/sea/boat坐船
on foot 步行
by car乘汽车
by bike骑自行车
by train乘火车
by taxi乘出租车
比较：take the plane, take the/a bike, take the/a taxi
代词
人称代词
提示：英语的句子就像一台台由各种零部件组成的设备，要想正常运行，必须保证每个零件的准确，各零件间又相互牵制，比如主语I 如果要加be动词，就只能选用am。一旦主语发生变化（I变成了she，那be动词也要换成is）否则句子就无法正常运转，所以在作选择题的时候特别要注意整体的看句子，答案一定是由句子中某一个或一些零件决定的。
主格与动词搭配
1 be动词 am / is /are
was / were
I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。 I was a teacher in the past.过去我是一名老师。
We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。 We were good friends in the past.过去我们是好朋友。
You are cute. 你是小巧可爱的。 You were cute in the past.过去你是小巧可爱的。
You are in the classroom.你们在教室。 You were in the classroom just then.刚刚你们在教室。
They are from Japan.他们来自日本。 They were in Japan three days ago.三天前他们在日本。
He is clever. 他是聪明的。 He was clever in the past.过去他是聪明的。
She is good at English. 她很擅长英语。She was good at English in the past. 过去她擅长英语。
It is very short. 它很短。 It was very short in the past.过去它很短。
（be going to/be doing 当中的be动词搭配同样如此）
2 除be动词以外其他动词搭配
I get up at seven every day.我每天七点起床。 I got up at six in the past.过去我六点起床。
We get up at seven every day.我们每天七点起床。 We got up at six in the past.过去我们六点起床。
You get up at seven every day.你每天七点起床。You got up at six in the past.过去你六点起床。
You get up at seven every day.你们每天七点起床。You got up at six in the past.过去你们六点起床。
They get up at seven every day. 他们每天七点起床。They got up at six in the past. 过去他们六点起床。
He gets up at seven every day.他每天七点起床。He got up at six in the past.过去他六点起床。
She gets up at seven every day.她每天七点起床。She got up at six in the past.过去她六点起床。
It gets up at seven every day. 它每天七点起床。It got up at six in the past. 过去它六点起床。
由此可见当he, she, it 作主语时，一般现在式的动词后要加s ( 如果遇到go / brush/ 等动词后加es) 其中he 代表了所有单个的男性，she代表了所有单个女性，it代表所有单个动物，物品或不可数名词
动/介词与宾格搭配
Give me some paper. 由于give是动词，它之后的宾语如果是人称代词自然是宾格形式
I don’t like them.与I don’t like their teacher. (前一句的宾语是them,而后一句的宾语是their teacher ,这里的their是表格中的第三列，形容词性物主格，解释为“。。。的”)
It is me.(别忘了is 也是动词)那是我。 It is mine. 那是我的。（mine是名词性物主，解释为我的。。，后无需再加物品）
Look at him.
Tom waits for her every day. Tom每天等她。
I will pick them up. 我将把他们捡起来。
I like dancing with him. 我喜欢和他一块跳舞。With 是介词后用宾格him.
形容词性物主格的固定搭配
do / try one’s best 尽最大的努力
on one’s way to…在去…的路上
make up one’s mind 下决心
lose one’s way 迷路
take one’s advice听取某人建议
save one’s life 就某人的性命
反身代词的固定搭配
be proud of oneself 为自己感到骄傲 enjoy oneself 过得快活，感到乐趣
talk to oneself 自言自语 say to oneself 心里想，暗自说道
think to oneself 心里想 think about oneself为自己考虑
指示代词
小朋友大都已经掌握，其中
1 this/that 用来作单数名词的代词
these/those用来作复数名词的代词
（这里提醒一个旧的知识点，What is this?/What is that? 的回答要用It is…
What are these?/What are those?的回答要用They are…）
2时间或方位距离上离说话人较近的用：this , these
时间或方位距离上离说话人较远的用：that, those
3打电话是称自己这方为 this, 对方为 that
E: A: Hello, this is Joan, who is that speaking?
B: This is Linda. Hello.
4介绍新朋友给其它人认识时，我们通常用this is ….
E: This is Amy. She is our new classmate.
疑问代词
what
1用在“人”前问职业，What is your mother?你的妈妈是做什么的?
2 加名词构成“疑问词组”提问， what kind of 什么种类的 what shape 什么形状what color 什么颜色 what time 什么时间 what day 星期几……
which哪个/哪些
1在一定范围中的选择
which subject 哪门学科（学科范围中的选择）
which do you like, A or B?你喜欢哪个，A还是B（A B范围中的选择）
who/whom谁
whose谁的
疑问副词
where哪里
when什么时候
why为什么
how怎么样
1 用来问身体情况，心情好坏
How are you today ? 你今天过得怎样？I’m fine, thanks.我蛮好，谢谢
2 问通过哪种方式，手段或者交通工具
How do you go to school everyday? 你每天怎么上学？ By bus.乘公共汽车。
3 也可以搭配形容词/副词构成“疑问词组”提问
How often does she have a bath?她多久洗一次澡？（问频度）Once a day.每天一次。
How old is your grandmother? 你的奶奶几岁了？
How long will it take? 那将花多少时间？ About an hour. 大约一小时。
some 和 any 比较
1）some 用在肯定句，作一些解释时，即可用于不可数名词前，又可用于可数名词前，但可数名词必须是复数
2） any 用在否定句和疑问句中，即可用于不可数名词前，又可用于可数名词前，但可数名词必须是复数
（May I have some orange juice?这是婉转表达肯定意思，不算作疑问句，所以some不用变为any）
3）any还能修饰副词或形容词的比较级
I can’t bear it any longer. 我再也承受不了它了。
Don’t talk any more.别再讲话了。
Do you feel any better? 你好些了吗？
both 和 all 比较
1 both 表示两者都
2 all 表示三者或三者以上都
3 不能互换
each 和 every比较
1 each 强调不同的个体 Each boy has his own gift.每个（不同的）男孩都有自己的礼物。
2 every 强调相同的个体 Every boy can swim. 人人都会游泳。
3 each 可以单独作代词 Each will be good. 哪一个都会不错。
4 every 不能单独作代词 Every will be good.(错误) Every boy will be good.
either 和 neither 比较
1 either 表示两者中其一……
2 neither 表示两者都不……
介词
我们熟悉的in on at from 等等都是介词，介词看起来很不起眼，却是小朋友非常难把握的一个语法点,主要在于它相比时态形容词等更加无规律可寻,又和不同动词名词搭配生成不同的意思,介词的相关考题也非常之多,希望小朋友们开动智慧加耐心尽量积累,把所有有关介词的考题攻克下来
In 里
1 表示在某空间里面/内部
There are six pens in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有六支钢笔。
2 表示在某个较大的空间或地方中
in Asia 在亚洲 in Europe 在欧洲…
in China在中国 in Japan 在日本…
in Shanghai在上海 in the city 在城市中 in town 在小镇中
in the park 在公园里 in the house在屋子里 in the room 在房间里...
in a taxi在出租车里 in the underground / metro 在地铁里
in the river在河里 in the water 在水里 in the book 在书上 in the photo在照片中
in one’s mind 在某人脑海里
3 表示在某一段的时间里
in the morning在早晨 in the afternoon在下午….
in spring 在春天里 in summer 在夏天里…
in January 在一月里 in March 在三月里
in five minutes 五分钟内/五分钟后 in six days 六天里/六天以后
in a month 在一个月里/一个月后 in 2010 在2010年
4 表示以某种形式/用某种方式
He can read the poem in English.他能用英语读这首诗。
The girl in red is my elder sister.那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。
Can you stand in a line? 你们能站成一列吗？
Please finish your homework in time. 请及时完成你的回家作业。
Get out in no time. 立刻出去。
I walk in a hurry. 我急匆匆地走路。
She told a story in tears.她哭着讲了一个故事。5 一些惯用语
in the tree 在树上 in the book 在书上 in the street 在街上 in the sunlight在阳光下 in fact 事实上
be interested in 对…感兴趣
in the middle of 在…中间
in vain 无益地, 白白地
in case 如果，万一，以防
in spite of 尽管
in all 总计
6 与in 有关的其它介词
In front of在…外面
Into 进入，变为…（强调动态的变化过程或者由外至内的趋势）
Go into进入
Turn water into ice 水变成冰
Translate English into Chinese把英语翻译成中文
Break into pieces摔成碎片
Change…into把…变为…
Move into a house搬进一所房子
Cut into pieces切成一块块
Within在…之内
Within an hour 在一小时之内（动词时态通常用将来时）
He will come back within an hour。他会在一小时之内回来。
on 上
1 表示在物体表面之上
There is a pencil box on the desk. 书桌上有一个铅笔盒。
There is a nice picture on the wall. 墙上有幅漂亮的图片。
on the farm 在农场上 on page 25 在25页上
on the river 在河上，在河边（与在河里in the river区分）on one’s way home 在某人回家路上
on one’s right 在某人右边on one’s left 在某人左边
on the right hand 在右手边 on the left hand 在左手边
2 在某一天
on one’s birthday 在某人生日那天
on saturday 在周六
on the 1st of may 在五月一日
on the night of yesterday 在昨天晚上（一般在晚上用in the night ，但这里昨天晚上也是某一天我们用on）
3 用某种交通工具
on the train/ bike 坐火车/骑自行车
on foot 步行
on a ferry 在渡轮上，坐渡轮
4 动介/动副词组
put on 穿上
read on 继续读
talk on 继续说
try on 试穿
turn on 打开 = switch on 打开
get on 上（车）
come on [表示鼓励、催促等]快，走吧
hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等-会
spend on 花费在…方面
5 惯用语
on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的)
on earth究竟，到底
on the other hand另一方面
on fire 着火，起火
on the basis of 根据，在...的基础上考试书P27模拟卷2 Part A 看句选词部分分析
36 People make French fries with _____.
A potato
B potatoes
C a potato
这题比较简单，“人们用土豆来制作炸薯条”，很明显选择B 土豆的复数形式
37 Stop crying, my dear. Your eyes ___ red.
A will be
B were
C are going
选A 这一题关键在于前后时态的相关性。“不要哭了，亲爱的。你的眼睛会红的。”这里的会就用将来时will be 表示 B were过去时明显错误 C are going 缺少to be ( are going to do也可表将来时)
38 Are hippos good ___ swimming?
A with
B in
C at
这题考的是be good at doing…擅长于做某事这个词组，“河马擅长游泳吗”明显选C
39 Where ___Ｉput your camera?
A need
B shall
C will
“我应该把你的照相机放在哪里?” 选择B 这里的shall是情态动词,表示征求对方的意见
40 It’s very cold on a ___ day.
A windy
B snowy
C humid
这题有同学存在疑问,觉得为什么不能用A起风的,我们做选择题一定要记得选最佳答案这个原则,切勿钻牛角尖本题”在下雪天天气是非常冷的” B明显是最佳答案.
41 I have a new pair of boots. I will wear ___ next Monday.
A them
B it
C one
本题我们知道这里缺少的是代词,但由于boots 是复数形式,因此代词应该用they 的宾格形式them
小试牛刀
1 Mary decided to try___ this pair of shoes.
A out
B up
C on
2 But when she was going to pay ___ the boots.
A for
B about
C to
3 The train arrives ___ 4:30.
A on
B to
C at
4 This is a photo ___ my dog.
A about
B from
C of
5 It’s cold outside, so put your coat ___.
A over
B on
C off
6 You look great ___ the new suit.
A with
B in
C on
7 There is a big tree ___ our house.
A in front of
B out
C in
8 They live ___ their parents.
A by
B with
C for
9 He usually reads in the evening and ___ weekends.
A in
B by
C at
10 When do you go ___ bed?
A to
B in
C for
11 I’m looking ___ my hat. I can’t find it anywhere.
A at
B for
C after
12 American pupils don’t go to school ___ Christmas.
A in
B at
C by
13 The teacher often helps her students ___ their English.
A for
B in
C with
14 Do you go to school ___ foot or ___ bus?
A by…on
B by…by
C on…by
15 10:45 can be read as a quarter ___ eleven.
A past
B to
C after
16 What do you want to buy ___ your new house.
A in
B for
C to
17 My cousin is often late ___ school.
A after
B at
C for
18 Look, who is standing ___ your right? A on B in C at
19 Jack played ___ the swings and slide.
A on
B beside
C in
20 They had a delicious picnic lunch ___ peanut and butter and jelly sandwiches.
A for
B of
C to
21 Guess, Jenny！Is the rubber ___ my left hand or my right hand?
A on
B in
C about
22 Wednesday comes ___ Tuesday.
A behind
B back
C after
23 He took a pencil out ___ his pencil box.
A from
B of C/
24 We will have an exam ___ tomorrow morning
A /
B on
C in
25 You can ask him ___ it.
A about
B to
C of
26 Look ___ the bed, and you will find your slippers there.
A in
B for
C under
27 It’s time to go to school. Hurry ___ !
A on
B up
C out
28 Jane got ___ the train to Hangzhou.
A on
B into
C upon
29 We should say “Good morning” ___ our teachers.
A with
B before
C to
30 It’s time ___ lunch. Yo u must hurry.
A on
B in
C for
31 On Saturday afternoon I often go to the cinema ___ a friend.
A by
B for
C with
32 In winter we stay ___ home and listen ___ music.
A on/to
B at/with
C at/to
33 This is a letter ___ your brother in Australia.
A of
B from
C on
34 I have a lesson ___ Tuesday.
A in
B at
C on
35 Sue ___ at six every day, and she does morning exercises.
A gets up
B gets off
C gets on
36 Hangzhou is ___ the east of China.
A on
B of
C in
37 Russia(俄罗斯) is ___ the north of China.
A on
B to
C in
38 Do you want butter ___ your bread?
A on
B with
C in
39 Jennifer often talks ___ her cousin when she’s sad.
A from
B of
C to
40 I can walk ___ school ___ five minutes.
A for/at
B by/in
C to/in
41 It’s still bright. We needn’t turn ___ the light.
A on
B down
C off
42 Jack cut the birthday cake ___ eight pieces.
A into
B for
C to
43 When I went to bed last night, it was already ___ 11 o’clock.
A over
B before
C past
at 点
1在较小的地方
at home在家 at the desk在写字桌前 at the door/gate在门口
at the bus stop在车站 at the station在火车站
at the crossing 在十字路口 at a supermarket在超市
at the foot of 在…脚下 at school 在学校
at hospital在医院at mary’s在马利家
at the doctor’s在诊所 at the north/south pole在北极/南极
2 在某个时间点
at half past seven在七点半
at night/at midnight在夜里/午夜
at christmas 在圣诞节
at the beginning of …在…开始时at the end of …在…结束时
at breakfast/lunch/dinner在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时
at work 在工作时
at rest 在休息
at the age of 9在9岁时
3动介/动副词组
look at 看着
arrive at达成，达成
be good at擅长于做…事情
knock at敲
laugh at嘲笑
glance at瞟一眼
point at 指着…
4惯用语
at first首先 at last最后 at least至少 at most至多 at once立即、立刻
at all根本 at a loss不知所措 at a loss不知所措 at present目前
to对（to可以有连词、介词两种词性，区别在于连词后用动词原形而介词后接名词）
to（介词）
1 表示朝向…对于…
to the east/north of…在… 东面/北面（指在…外部）
比如：America is to the west of China.美国在中国的西面。（美国在中国外部因此用to）
Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东面。（上海包含在中国内部因此用in）
face to face脸对脸，当面
back to back 背靠背
next to 临近，隔壁
close to 接近于…
near to 靠近
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door折扇门的钥匙
be kind to somebody 对某人友善
2至…/ 到…
the way to school 去学校的路
from…to…由…至…
from 6am to 12am 从上午6点至12点
from Monday to Friday 从周一至周五
3 动介/动副词组
give something to somebody把某物给某人= give somebody something
I gave them to the police.我把它们交给了警察。
listen to 听着
point to 指向
be used to 习惯于I am used to the city life. 我习惯城市生活。
Help oneself to自便…（享用…）Help yourself to the cake. 请随意享用蛋糕。
write to somebody 给…写信 I wrote a letter to my cousin yesterday.昨天我写了封信给我的表兄弟。
prefer a to b 比起B来更喜欢A I prefer English to Maths. 比起数学来我更喜欢英语。speak to somebody与…说话Don’t speak to your deskmate.请不要和你的同桌说话。
thanks to 多亏了…因为… I have passed the exam thanks to the exercises.多亏了这些联系我通过了考试。
belong to 属于 The book belongs to me. 这本书属于我的。（归我）
连词to（后面总是加动词原形）
used to do过去常常… I used to get up at six. 我过去常常六点起床。
go to do 去做某事
too…to…太…以至于不能…. I was too tired to walk on.我太累了以至于不能继续走了。
have to 不得不做 She has to work harder.她不得不更努力地工作。
in order to 为了 In order to pass the exam, I studied very hard.为了通过考试，我很努力地学习。形容词+enough + to 足够…以至于… He is old enough to live alone. 他足够大了以至于能独自生活了。
He is strong enough to lift the box. 他足够强壮以至于能够搬动这个盒子。
for为
1用在时间、次数前
For a while一会儿
For the first time第一次
For the last time最后一次
For three hours（持续有）三小时了
2与动词搭配
强调为了/由于。。。/对。。。来说
Buy something for somebody为。。。（人）买。。。（东西）
Wait for 等待（后接名词）
注意wait to 后接动词
Pay for 支付（后接所买的物品）
I will pay for my meal.我会支付我的餐钱。
Do … for… 为某人做某事
Our parents will do everything for us.我们的父母会为我们做每一件事。
Look for 寻找（强调过程）
注意与find找到的区别（强调结果）
Go for a walk 去散步
Be/get ready for 为。。。做好了准备
Are you ready for the exam? 你们准备好考试了吗。
Feel…for somebody 为某人感到。。。
Feel sorry for…为。。感到遗憾
be for 赞成...
3与形容词搭配
Be good for 对。。。有好处注意与be good at擅长。。。的区别
Be bad for 对。。。有害处 Fast food is bad for your health.快餐速食对你的健康有害处。
Be fit for 对。。。适合 The shoes are fit for you. 这鞋适合你。
Be late for…。。。迟到Don’t be late for class again.上课别再迟到了。
Be famous for 因。。。而出名 Shanghai is famous for EXPO in 2010.上海因2010世博会出名。
与名词的搭配
It’s time for…。。。的时间到了
It is time for class. It is time for dinner. It is time for breakfast
A gift for …给。。。的礼物
The picture is a gift for my mum.这图片是给我妈妈的礼物。
辨析
1play with/ play
Play with 玩某样玩具 she is playing with the toy car.她正在玩玩具汽车。
Play 无with的情况：注意play 同样表示某种运动时 the,
play表示演奏某种乐器时要加the
She is playing cards.
She is playing the violin.
2 talk with / talk to / talk about/ talk of
Talk with /talk to 后跟人，表示与某人谈话
Talk about /talk of后跟谈话内容，如we talked about/of our future.我们只是谈论了我们的将来。
3 like 像（介词） Like 喜欢（动词）
I look like my father.你长得像你的爸爸。
I like my father.我喜欢我的爸爸。
She is like her big sister.她像她的姐姐。
She likes her big sister.她喜欢她姐姐。
小试牛刀
1 Mary decided to try___ this pair of shoes.
A out
B up
C on
选C on try on 表示试穿上。。。
2 But when she was going to pay ___ the boots.
A for
B about
C to
选Ａfor pay…(钱) for…(得到的东西)
3 The train arrives ___ 4:30.
A on
B to
C at
这题考得是时间点的介词搭配，很明显是搭配at 4：30
4 This is a photo ___ my dog.
A about
B from
C of
这题选c of 表示我的狗的照片，of 可以表示…“的”
比如Mary’s book = the book of Mary
5 It’s cold outside, so put your coat ___.
A over
B on
C off
本题根据前半句，直到天冷应穿衣服，所以选put…on穿上
6 You look great ___ the new suit.
A with
B in
C on
本题选B in , 我们知道in …可以表示穿。。。衣服或穿。。。颜色的衣服这里的suit表示套装/西装
7 There is a big tree ___ our house.
A in front of
B out
C in
这里B out 不构成介词，要out of才表示。。。的外面，选A in front of在。。。的前面
8 They live ___ their parents.
A by
B with
C for
这里选B with 表示他们与他们的父母一起居住。Do something with somebody.表示与。。。一起。。。
9 He usually reads in the evening and ___ weekends.
A in
B by
C at
weekends搭配介词 at at weekends
10 When do you go ___ bed?
A to
B in
C for
go to bed 表示上床睡觉
11 I’m looking ___ my hat. I can’t find it anywhere.
A at
B for
C after
look for这个动介词组表示寻找，look after 表示照料，look at表示看着
从后一句can’t find看出应选 look for 寻找
12 American pupils don’t go to school ___ Christmas.
A in
B at
C by
Christmas 搭配at at Christmas
13 The teacher often helps her students ___ their English.
A for
B in
C with
本题选C with help somebody with something在。。。方面帮助某人
14 Do you go to school ___ foot or ___ bus?
A by…on
B by…by
C on…by
选 C on foot表示步行by bus / by train乘巴士/乘火车15 10:45 can be read as a quarter ___ eleven.
A past
B to
C after
选B 11点不到一刻钟即 10：45
16 What do you want to buy ___ your new house.
A in
B for
C to
buy something for ….为。。。买某物
17 My cousin is often late ___ school.
A after
B at
C for
选C for be late for school/class 上学/上课迟到
18 Look, who is standing ___ your right?
A on
B in
C at
本题选A on 在某人的左侧/右侧用介词on, on one’s right/left
19 Jack played ___ the swings and slide.
A on
B beside
C in
在秋千和滑梯上玩，选A 而 play with 表示玩。。。玩具
20 They had a delicious picnic lunch ___ peanut and butter and jelly sandwiches.
A for
B of
C to
本题考得是of表示的，这里选B of ,表示他们享用了一顿美味的野餐，而野餐的内容是花生，黄油以及果冻和三明治，这里“的”虽然不做翻译，却表示午餐的内容。
21 Guess, Jenny！Is the rubber ___ my left hand or my right hand?
A on
B in
C about
在某人的手中用in one’s hand.选B in ，区别于在某一边用on the right/left-hand side
22 Wednesday comes ___ Tuesday.
A behind
B back
C after
周三在周二之后，选after 表示发生的顺序上在。。。之后而behind表示地理位置方面在。。。后面
23 He took a pencil out ___ his pencil box.
A from
B of C/
Take something out of表示从。。。地方拿出。。。
24 We will have an exam ___ tomorrow morning
A /
B on
C in
本题选A不加介词， tomorrow morning / yesterday night等前不加任何介词
25 You can ask him ___ it.
A about
B to
C of
ask somebody about something表示文某人有关。。。的问题
选A about
26 Look ___ the bed, and you will find your slippers there.
A in
B for
C under
本题考验大家的细心程度，由于后半句slippers的意思是拖鞋，因此选c under
拖鞋总是在床下的
27 It’s time to go to school. Hurry ___ !
A on
B up
C out
hurry up 表示快，抓紧时间的意思选B up
28 Jane got ___ the train to Hangzhou.
A on
B into
C upon
get on the bus/train登上巴士/火车选A on get into 表示进入
29 We s hould say “Good morning” ___ our teachers.
A with
B before
C to
say something to somebody 表示对某人说。。。因此选C to
30 It’s time ___ lunch. You must hurry.
A on
B in
C for
It’s time for something.表示做。。。的时间到了It’s time for c lass.上课时间到了。
31 On Saturday afternoon I often go to the cinema ___ a friend.
A by
B for
C with
本题又考察do…with somebody的用法，与某人一起做某事，选Cwith
32 In winter we stay ___ home and listen ___ music.
A on/to
B at/with
C at/to
本题考查 at home 与listen to两种用法，前者表示在家，后者表示听着
但如____ Mary’s home 就应填in Mary’s home home前无定语用at
33 This is a letter ___ your brother in Australia.
A of
B from
C on
本题选 B a letter from somebody表示来自于某人的信
34 I have a lesson ___ Tuesday.
A in
B at
C on
Tuesday表示某一天，某一天前介词用on, 选C on
但，tomorrow morning / yesterday afternoon 前无介词（前题中已出现过）
35 Sue ___ at six every day, and she does morning exercises.
A gets up
B gets off
C gets on
选A gets up get up表示起床
36 Hangzhou is ___ the east of China.
A on
B of
C in
杭州在中国（内部的）东面in the east of China，因此选 C in
37 Russia(俄罗斯) is ___ the north of China.
A on
B to
C in
俄罗斯在中国（外部的）北面to the north of China,因此选B to
38 Do you want butter ___ your bread?
A on
B with
C in
本题选A on 你要在面包上涂黄油吗。Bread with butter表示黄油面包
bread and butter表示生计，薪水
本题黄油在前，并且bread 前有个your，on your bread 作状语
39 Jennifer often talks ___ her cousin when she’s sad.
A from
B of
C to
talk to /with somebody表示与某人交谈
talk about/of something 谈论某事
40 I can walk ___ school ___ five minutes.
A for/at
B by/in
C to/in
这题考得是walk to这个动词词组，表示步行去。。地方
In …(时间段)表示在某段时间之内in five minutes在五分钟内
41 It’s still bright. We needn’t turn ___ the light.
A on
B down
C off
这题小朋友由前句“天还亮着”很容易选off,表示关灯，但由needn’t不需要得出后面应选 A 不需要开灯needn’t turn on the light.
42 Jack cut the birthday cake ___ eight pieces.
A into
B for
C to
Cut …into… （通过改变大小形状）把。。。切成。。。，选A into
43 When I went to bed last night, it was already ___ 11 o’clock.
A over
B before
C past
由already已经得出 B before肯定不能选，接着看 over只能用在超过一定量上 over three hours 超过三个小时（的量）而表示11点多,我们用C past
形容词以及副词形
形容词位置“修理前清洗后”
形容词作定语时用在被修饰词（名词）前a clever girl
形容词作表语时用在系动词（be动词: am is are）(感官动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel)(变化类动词：get, become, turn, go, grow)后The girl is clever. * a开头的形容词一般只用在系动词后作表语
The girl is afraid.女孩害怕了。an afraid girl
The boy got asleep. 男孩睡着了。an asleep boy
副词位置“喂后”
副词一般用在谓语动词后，表示事件发生的时间，地点，方式，频率，程度。。。
形容词的排序
主观—>客观
限定词+ 性质尺寸形状年龄颜色产地材料用途+ 名词
An ugly big round old brown Japanese wooden dining table
一张丑的大的圆的旧的棕色的日本的木制的餐桌
boy clever young Chinese a tall eight-year-old
rectangle expensive small British transformer
delicious the chocolate round cake big
副词的排序
与中文习惯顺序相反
句末+ 状态/程度 + 地点 + 方式 + 频率 + 时间
He runs very fast in the park in a blue t-shirt once every two weeks on Wednesdays. 每两周的周三他穿着蓝色体恤衫在公园里飞快地跑步。
形容词/副词的词变
规则
原级比较级最高级
long long er long est 单
The scarf is too short for me, So I need a _____ one.
A shorter
B longest
C longer
larg e large r large st 音
Room 404 is smaller than Room 304(看句选句)
Room304 is larger.
Room 404 is larger.
Room 304 is the largest.
ho t ho tter ho ttest
Summer is the _____ season of the four.
A hotter
B hottest
C hot
eas y eas ier eas iest 节
The exam is too difficult to pass. I hope it will be ____ next time.
A easy
B easier
C easyer
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful 多音节
Which girl is _______, Betty or Sally?
A more beautiful
B beautifuler
C the most beautiful
不规则（形容词比较级与最高级的不规则变化二星无须掌握过多，牢记以下的）
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
He was not well last week, but he is much _____ now.
A weller
B good
C better
bad/ill/badly worse worst
It should be _______ thing I have ever met.
A worse
B the worst
C bad
little less least
few fewer fewest
much /many more most
There is more milk in the first glass than that in the second one. The third glass has the most milk of the three. (看句选句)
A The first glass has the least milk of the three.
B The second glass has the least milk of the three.
C The third has less milk than the first one.
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older(旧的)/elder（老的）oldest/eldest
His grandfather is _______ one in his family.
A oldest
B the eldest
C the elder、、、、
The clock is _______ than that one.A elder B older C old
*天生带“最”的形容词：favorite (最喜欢的)
形容词或者副词搭配how 用在特殊疑问句
How many How much How old
How often问频率 How soon 问多久 How long问花费多少时间
How far问多远
二笔形容词以及副词练习
选择题
1 Nanjing Road is a _______ road.
A long
B large
C tall
这题考得是形容词的搭配问题，比如road 通常用long来形容，当然选A long
个子或高度通常用tall来形容.
2 What’s ________ with my computer? It doesn’t work..
A matter
B wrong
C bad
选B
3 What’s the ________ with my computer? It doesn’t wo rk.
A matter
B wrong
C bad
选A
这两题看似很像，我们知道what is wrong with .....表示。。。出什么状况了/。。。怎么了
what is the matter with ....也表示。。。怎么了。然而，当出现冠词the时我们选matter,没有the 才选wrong(因为形容词前不加冠词)
4 He doesn’t have ________ time to eat his breakfa st.
A little
B some
C enough
本题选C 表示有足够的时间
enough+名词表示足够的。。名词在后（不可数名词/可数名词复数enough food / enough students）形容词+enough表示足够。。。形容词在前 ( old enough)
5 Bees come ________ in spring.
A away
B out
C with
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自学考试 英语语法复习题 单项选择题 Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _______ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_____ to make a living by himself. A. wouldn’t begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. He ____ his leg when he ______ in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 5. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here? A. don’t know; were B. hadn’t known; are C. haven’t known; were D. didn’t know; are 6. She can’t help ___ of her son. A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. have thought 7. The room was empty ___ a few chairs. A. except B. except for C. besides D. besides for 8. Four plus three ___ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. equaling D. equal 9. I’d rather that he ___ it blue. A. painted B. paint C. paints D. painting 10. The Browns ___ moving away on Saturday. A. is B. are C. will be D. has been 11. She said that it ___ snow. A. may B. can C. should D. might 12. Amy and her cousin just bought two new ___ coats. A. winters B. winter’s C. winters’ D. winter 13. Today was ___ beautiful day that I couldn’t just keep myself indoors. A. a such B. such a C. a so D. so a 14. There is no decision ___ on your application. A. still B. so far C. yet D. thus far 15. I would appreciate ___ it a secret. A. that you keep B. you to keep C. your keeping D. that you will keep 16. Invite them only on those occasions ____ their late arrival will not cause you inconvenience. A. when B. that C. where D. which
15种常考语法要点归纳
15种常考语法要点归纳 １、比较结构 ?1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only____________ （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London. ?2)Americans eat__________（两倍）protein as they actually need every day. ?3) The number of the students in this city has _____ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001. ２、用于表示“与相比”的短语 ?1) Your losses in trade this year are nothing______________ （与我的相比） ?2) Since my childhood I have found that ___________________( 没有什么比读书对我 更有吸引力) 3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loud ness so such____________（而是他缺乏天分）． ３、状语从句 ?1). I am going to pursue this course, ________________________________ (无论我要 做出怎样的牺牲)。 ?2)._______________（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest. ?3).______________(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can. ?4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _______________(由于他们能帮助我们找 出和改正错误) ?5）Give me your telephone number ________________(以备我需要你的帮助) ?6）______________(政府才能有效运行)unless it is free from such interference. ?7）The substance does not dissolve in water ______________（不管是否加热） ４、名词性从句 ?1）__________________________ (很多人所没有意识到的) is that simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular ?2)_______________________ （给我印象最深的）were her liveliness and sense of humor. ?3) ______________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. ?4) In my sixties, one change I notice is that ________________________________ (我比 以前更容易累了)。 ５、定语从句 ?1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的 那样). ?2) Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems ___________________________ (他们至今还没有答案)。 ?3) The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______________________ (我们可以合作 的领域)。 ６、虚拟语气 ?1) The professor required that _________________（我们交研究报告） ?2) It is highly desirable that a new president_________（被任命）for this college. ?3)Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead
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新概念英语1语法点梳理
新概念英语第一册语法点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时 Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51—56 一般现在时 Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时 Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much. 语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What’s your job? 特殊疑问句。
高二英语考试必考语法归纳5篇分享
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see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性) say said said 动词 say 的原形.过去式和过去分词 tell told told 动词 tell 的原形.过去式和过去分词 eat ate eaten 动词 eat 的原形.过去式和过去分词 speak spoke spoken 动词 speak 的原形.过去式和过去分词 高二英语语法知识点2 一.不定式做主语: 1.不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作.===动名词doing 表示习惯的,经常的动作. e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. To do such things is foolish. To see is to believe. (对等) 注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 2). 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面. it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中: (1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do… (2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do… It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary (3) it is +a +名词+ to do... It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do… It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do… 注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语,但possible可以用不定式作真实
小学英语语法专项练习试题含答案解析
小学生语法专项练习题 名词练习 一.写出下列单数名词的复数形式 _______ 答案：1 oranges 2. Boxes 3. women 4. tomatoes 6. boys 7babies 9. Photos 10 classes 11. feet 12 houses 13 pens 14 cars 15 horses 16. radios 17 dishes 18 children 二.将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式 ________ _________ 答案 1. doctor 2 city 3 piano 4. ear 5. church 6. leaf 7 tooth 8zoo 9brush 10 knife 12 pear 三.请从括号里选出正确的答案 1. Please give me__（two /two cups of ）coffee. 2. There are a lot of___(sheep /sheeps ) on the farm. 3. I’d like some__ (bread / breads ) and___ (potato /potatoes). 4. Look! There is a ___(mouse /mice) in the corner. 5. He bought_____(a piece of /a piece ) paper. 6. “Where is___ (Woman’s / Women’s) Room?” asked Susan. 7. ____ (The girl’s/The girls’ ) hobby is drawing. 8. Aunt Lucy sent_____ (a child’s /a children’s ) book to me. 红色为答案 冠词练习 一.在空格内填上a或an
七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理
七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语： 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二.重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
中考英语重点语法全归纳：4种常考句型
中考英语重点语法全归纳：4种常考句型To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. ( 2)作宾语 They began to read. ( 3)作宾语补足语 Jim asked me to help him with his lessons. We often heard her sing. ( 4)作定语 I have an important meeting to attend. ( 5)作状语 She went to see her grandma yesterday. ( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后 I don t know how to use a computer. Do you know when to start?
He didn t know what to do next. 种类 (1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式) (2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句) (3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式) (4)感叹句 句子成份 1)主语 Betty likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 2)谓语 We work hard. The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother. They all look fine. 3)表语 Her sister is a nurse. It s me. I m ready. He got angry. We were at home last night. His cup is broken. 4)宾语 Tom bought a story-book. I saw him yesterday. He wanted to have a cup of tea. 5)直接宾语和间接宾语 He gave me some ink.
小学英语语法点整理
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(5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book –books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5.缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/an
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
初一英语语法及常考学习知识点情况总结
主要掌握几种时态1，一般现在时2，一般过去时3，一般将来时4，现在进行时还有几种词 1，名词 2，代词 3，形容词 4，动词 5，冠词 初一英语语法 一、词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
小学语法专项练习题
选择适当的代词填空 1.We like(he, his, him)very much。 2.Is this guitar(you, your, yours)? 3.(She, Her, Hers)name is LiLi. 4.Father bought(买） a desk for( my, me, mine) 5.(It, It's, Its)is very cold today. 6.Are you and Tom classmates? Yes(we, you, they )are。 学生语法专项练习题 名词练习 一. 写出下列单数名词的复数形式 1.orange_____________ 2.box__________ 3.woman____________ 4.tomato________ 5.bus_______ 6.boy________ 7.baby _______ 8.watch_______ 9.photo________ 10.class_______ 11.foot________12.house________13.pen_______ 14.car________ 15.horse________ 16.radio_______ 17.dish________18.child______ 二. 将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式 1.doctors_________ 2.cities_______ 3.pianos__________ 4..ears________ 5.churches_______ 6.leaves_________ 7.teeth________ 8.zoos____ 9.brushes ________ 10.knives__________11.men _________12.pears _________ 三. 请从括号里选出正确的答案 1.Please give me__（two /two cups of ）coffee. 2.There are a lot of___(sheep /sheeps ) on the farm. 3.I’d like some__ (bread / breads ) and___ (potato /potatoes). 4.Look! There is a ___(mouse /mice) in the corner(角落). 5.He bought(购买)_____(a piece of一张 /a piece ) paper纸. 6.“Where is___ (Woman’s / Women’s) Room?” asked Susan.苏珊 7.7. ____ (The girl’s/The girls’ ) hobby业余爱好 is drawing. 8.Aunt Lucy sent_____ (a child’s /a children’s ) book to me. 四．冠词练习
自考英语语法
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
中考英语语法填空知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)
中考英语语法填空知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you" What is the most important in your life? ", maybe you will say" Computers and the Internet". The________（one）computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked________（slow）. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But________work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, "People can't live________computers today." The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-three years later than computers. But now it can________（find） almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do________（shop）, play games or make friends. Many students like the Internet very much. They often surf the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real________（name）, ages, and even sex（性别）. They are so________（interest） in making the "unreal friends" that they can't put their hearts into study. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects________of that. We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at________same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.【答案】first；slowly；they；without；be found；shopping；names；interested；because；the 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了电脑的发明时间，以及电脑的用途。还有电脑对我们生活的影响。 （1）句意：第一台电脑是在1946年制造的。根据定冠词the，可知应使用序数词first，故答案是first。 （2）句意：它很大，但是工作得很慢。slow修饰动词worked，应使用副词slowly，故答案是slowly。 （3）句意：但是他们工作的越来越快了。空缺处指代前文的computers，因此使用they，故答案是they。 （4）句意：现在没有了电脑人们不能生活。因为电脑在我们日常生活中越来越重要。所以没有电脑就不能生活，没有without，故答案是without。 （5）句意：但是现在到处都可以发它。主语it 和find是被动关系，应使用被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态是：情态动词+be+过去分词，故答案是be found。 （6）句意：我们可以用电脑读书、写信和购物，购物do shopping，固定搭配，故答案是shopping。 （7）句意：他们不知道他们真正的名字。name名字，可数名词，根据their可知应使用复数形式，故答案是names。 （8）句意：他们对于结交不真实的朋友那么感兴趣，以致于不能把心思用在学习上。be interested in，对……感兴趣，故答案是interested。 （9）句意：因为这个原因，他们中的许多人在许多课程山上跟不上其他学生。because of