CET42015-6-3笔试部分讲解

2015年6月大学英语四级考试第三套答案详解

范文：

Writing：家长角色

There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). To begin with, family in growin g numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him or her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the college by which they failed to be accepted, bec ause they have become richer and they believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want co me true now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he would beco me a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced hi s son, my younger brother to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to pl ay violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局).

To sum up, it is unrea sonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices(建议二，“是时候”句型). Only in these ways will children grow in a psychologically happy environment and realize their own dreams.

36. A. assets 连词and连接前后平行的结构，由resources可看出37空需要填入一个名词与之相对应，选assets。

37. E. excellent be excellent teachers of…. “成为…的优秀老师”

38. L. origin 缺少一个名词，由and可知，要和后面的短语平行，相对于后面出现的“移民”概念，前面应该为“原住国”

39. N. 缺少定语修饰information，up-to-date最新的，填入符合文意。

40. B. 这里有一个不定式to do sth. ，又因为空后面是concert音乐会，在动词里面只有attend为“参加”之意

41. G. guidelines 由空前的should have 和空后的for可得知需要填入一个宾语，在名词里面找，选guidelines，意思是“有关于…的指导”

42. C. aware 记住be aware of是固定搭配啊

43. H. involved be动词后面的接表语或者宾语，因为后面出现了介词in，可填入be involved in表示“参与到…”

44. D. especially 空所在短语为插入语，原意为“特别对于年纪大的学生”

45. O. volunteering 表示学生参加的是“志愿活动”，介词by后面接分词或名词

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking

A）Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple , much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire

industries, like music and mobile communications.

B）All true, but let’s think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let’s look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.

C）Above all, he is an innovator （创新者）. His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you can’t engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs' caree r can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr.

Jobs , of course, has enjoyed singular success. (51)But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress- higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careers

for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.

D）“We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,” says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. (49)Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research , national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service.

E)(52) Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity,

experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls “recombinant

mash-ups(打碎重组)，” like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. “The culture of other countries doesn’t support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does,” Mr. John Kao says.

F）Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to thriving in the modern economy. (54)Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real-life experience is often even more valuable.

G）An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He was fascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard（奇才）. Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chief executive in 1997.

H）His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. (53)“ It’s often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights,” says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.

I）Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovator’s DNA, which is based on an eight-year study of 5 000 entrepreneurs（创业者）and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovator’s Dilemma popularized the concept of “disruptive（颠覆性的）innovation.”

J）The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. (50)Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.

K）“Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly,” Mr. Gregersen says. “ It’s a habit for them. ” Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in the stock market, which they call an

“innovation premium（溢价）．” It is calculated by estimating the share of a company’s value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify（量化）investors' bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.

L）Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs' first term with the company. (55)His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Apple’s fortunes improved gradually at first, and improved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52 percent innovation premium since then.

M）There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing. as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company,

(48) especially at Pixar - the computer-animation（动画制作）studio that created a string of critically and commercially

successful movies, such as “Toy Story" and “ Up. ”

N）Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class at Stanford University in 2005.(47) “ It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me,” he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke of perseverance（坚持）and will power. “ Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick ,” he said. “Don’t lose faith. ”

O）(46)Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in one’s choice of work and in one’s life. Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students. His advice was emphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, which he quoted: “Stay hungry. Stay foolish. ” “And,” Mr. Jobs said, “I have always wished that for myself. And no w, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. ”

(O)46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address.

(N)47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.

(M)48. Steve Jobs once 山ed computers to make movies that were commercial hits.

(D)49. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation.

(J)50. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields.

(C)51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress.

(E)52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation.

(H)53. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.

(F)54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.

(L)55. Apple’s fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs’ absence.

Section C(2013年6月英语四级真题第一套仔细阅读答案+解析)

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.

So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?

"Many policy measures to control obesity （肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.

"In contrast," th e researchers continue, "many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."

The research ref erences studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

【总评】这是一篇讨论控制垃圾食品消费的议论文。文章介绍了Rand公司两位研究人员的建议：即借鉴控酒措施的经验，对售卖此类食品的地点和方式进行控制。文中具体介绍了这么做的原因以及一些具体条例。

56. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much.

B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

答案：C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

【解析】推理题。由关键词Junk food定位至文章第一段。由“Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.（垃圾食品无处不在，这样的食品我们吃得实在是太多了，我们大多数人都知道我们在做什么，但是我们还是在这么做）”可知，垃圾食品对人们的诱惑实在是太强了，以至于人们无法抵挡。选项B中的“ill reputation”在文中没有提到，所以，正确答案为C。

57. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A) They should be implemented effectively.

B) They provide misleading information.

C) They are based on wrong assumptions.

D) They help people make rational choices.

答案：C. They are based on wrong assumptions.

【解析】推理题。由关键词policy measures, obesity定位至文章第三段。文中提到“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat (很多控制肥胖症的政策都是假定人们能够有意识、理智地选择吃什么、吃多少)”，而第四段中进一步提到“In contrast… many regulations that don’t assume people make rati onal choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol（那些没有假定人们会作出理智选择的规章条例在控酒方面取得了成功）”。由此可以推知，很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都是基于错误的假设前提的，所以，正确答案为C。

58. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s t emptations.

B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.

答案：D. Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.

【解析】推理题。由关键词density restrictions，obesity定位至文章倒数第三段。由“These（即density restrictions）make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.”可知，因为购买的途径很简单的话会导致消费者过度消费。所以要颁布这样一项限制措施，就是为了减少人们购买酒类饮品的数量。所以，正确答案为D。

59. What is the purpose of California’s ru le about alcohol display in gas stations?

A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sigh t.

答案：D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.

【解析】推理题。由关键词California定位至文章最后一段。Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.关键词display，由此可知主要强调要把垃圾食品淡出人们的视线。所以，正确答案为D

60. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.

C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means

答案：C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

【解析】细节题。由关键词Rand researchers定位到第二段。文中提到“So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers

at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed? take a lesson即borrow ideas，由此可知，Rand公司的研究人员建议借鉴控酒措施的经验，所以，正确答案为C。

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attr ibute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

【总评】本文为我们分析了柯达公司虽然看到了市场前景，但是并没有在战略上把握机会，等意识到错误时，已经为时已晚，并最终走向衰败。对于一出生就接触各种数码产品的考生来说，柯达也许是个并不熟悉的企业，这或许会对阅读带来一定影响。而且本文也有不少商务用语，如strategy（战略，策略）、sponsorship（赞助），及一些关键词如anticipate（预期、预计）等，难度并不算小。所以平时对于词汇的积累是快速理解阅读内容的关键。

61. What do we learn about Kodak?

A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.

61 答案：B. It's approaching its downfall.

【解析】细节题。从全文第一句中的bankruptcy (破产) 以及第二段第一句Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency"... 可知柯达已经衰落了。所以正确答案为B。根据第全文第一句…a sad, though not unexpected turning point… 可知柯达的衰败，是早有预期的，而不是突然的，排除答案A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden；根据第一段最后一句... but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution可知柯达最终没有适应数字革命，排除答案C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry；根据第一段内容，dominate用的是过去分词形式，即柯达在胶卷市场占主导地位是过去的事实，而非现今，排除答案D. It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

62. Why does the author m ention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?

A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.

62 答案：A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

【解析】推理题。柯达发明第一台数码相机的例子出现在第二段，该段一开始指出很多人将柯达的衰败归结于柯达的自满，但是这个解释并没有承认柯达在自我改造上做出的努力。接下来作者用柯达发明了第一台数码相机来例证柯达在reinvent上的尝试。所以正确答案为A。答案C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.与第一段最后一句ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. 相冲突，且发明了第一台数码相机并不足以说明其顺应了数码革命。

63. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

63.答案：D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词large companies和switch定位到第四段最后一句Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. 根据此句可知，大公司不能进入新市场的原因是他们在开创新业务的过程中，依然不愿放弃现有的优势。接来下第五段用柯达的事例继续阐释了这句话的含义，即too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future，沉溺于过去的辉煌，而不能完全拥抱未来。所以正确答案为D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

64. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?

A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke. D) A challenge.

64. 答案：A. A burden.【解析】细节题。根据第五段最后一句话Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.可知柯达的历史已成自身发展的负担。burden是对liability的同义转换。所以正确答案为A。

65. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?

A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.

C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

65. 答案：C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.【解析】细节题。最后一段第一句说柯达在过去几十年间的衰败是戏剧性的。之后通过一个个例子来举例说明。从文中Kodak’s dec ision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.可知柯达犯的主要错误是没有赞助1984年的奥林匹克。而对手富士拿到了竞标，并由此赢得了市场上的永久立足点。所以正确答案为C。

Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.

在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。

参考译文：

In the eyes of the western, the basic food closest to China is rice. Rice has long occupied so significant a position in the diet of Chinese that there is a proverb “ Even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice”. Rice is grown mostly in southern China where people usually take rice as their staple food, while it cannot be planted in northern China where the climate is either too cold or too dry for rice to grow. As a result, the main crop in the north is wheat. In China, flour is sometimes the main ingredient for bread but more often used to make buns and noodles.

第一句，简单句;第二句如此以至于结构“so... that…"注意so的用法，直接接adj. 或adv。第三句南北对比，可以用while或whereas连接，最后一句也是对比句，主语people是比较泛的大主语，考虑改写为被动句。