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专八翻译模拟题

翻译模拟题

1) A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. 培养学生独立思考的能力是良好教育的目的之一。（The examination system does anything but that . 而采用考试的办法却偏偏做不到这一点（与之背道而驰。）（What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. 教学大纲严格规定了学生的学习内容，促使学生去死记硬背。）（Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; 考试不是促进学生去博览群书，反而限制了学生的阅读范围，）（they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. 不是促进学生去寻求更多的知识，反而促使学生去死记硬背。）（They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedom. 考试扼杀了教师的主观能动性，从而降低了教学水平。）（Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results 教师的教学业绩常常也是单凭学生的考试成绩来衡量的。）（and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. 于是，出于无奈，教师只好置传道授业于不顾，去教应试技巧。）（The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the

best trained in the technique of working under duress（强迫）.(131 words) 结果，考试成绩好的学生并不一定学到的知识就多，只能表明他们在被迫答题方面训练有素。）

1）（中美两国应该以战略眼光和长远观点来审视和处理中美关系，China and the United States should view and handle their relations from a strategic and long-term perspective. ）*（重视相互关心的问题，为共同利益而结合在一起。中美两国应该严格遵循中美三个联合公报，通过平等协商，正确处理分歧，妥善处理台湾问题。Both countries should seek a converging point of their common interests, taking into account each other’s concerns, strictly following the three Sino-US joint communiqués, correctly handling differences through consultation on an equal footing and properly handling the Taiwan issue. ）*（我们在建立和发展两国间的建设性战略伙伴关系上已取得了良好的开端。There is a good beginning in the establishment and development of a constructive, strategic partnership between the two countries.）* （台湾问题始终是中美关系最重要、最敏感的核心问题。The Taiwan question has always been the most important and sensitive topic at the core of Sino-US relations.）*（只要在台湾问题上出现麻烦，中美关系就会出现倒退。When troubles come up there, the relationship will stagnate or even regress. ）(171 words)

2) Bush sat at the plane’s window l ast Wednesday afternoon and watched the placid

fields of Texas rise to claim（认领、拥有）him again. 上周三下午布什坐在机内窗前，眺望得克萨斯宁静的田野，它似乎起来欢迎他回归故里。“Feels good,” he said. 他说道:“感觉良好，”No argument from his companions, 同行者都没有发表什么不同意见（异议），many of whom had joined him when he began his presidential quest in 1978. 他们多数人自1978年他开始竞选总统时就一直追随他。

The pain of electoral defeat had eased. 这次竞选失败的痛苦已经缓解了。He wore his old, dark-blue Air Force One windbreaker（风衣，windcheater）. 他穿着他在空军一号穿的那件深蓝色旧风衣，He held a new biography of his hero Theodore Roosevelt, 手里拿着一本西奥多·罗斯福新传。这是他心目中的（崇拜的）英雄（偶像），given to him by Vic

Gold, an aide and companion in his political struggle. 书是他从事政治斗争（从政的）的伙伴和助手维克·戈尔德送给他的。No presidential briefing papers. No tense parley waiting. 现在再也没有向总统汇报的文件要看，没有与对手谈和的紧张会谈等着他，Heading home.这次是回家乡。

“We are going to have a small, simple home.” Bush said. 布什说，“我们将有一个简朴的小家庭。“Barbara is going to do a book. But I have made no firm plans.” 巴巴拉要写一本书。可是我还没有做出切实的计划。”Then his eyes drifted off over the long horizon, back toward Washington. 于是他的目光移向远方长长的地平线，回顾着华盛顿。“I’ve done what I could,” he said. “我能做的都做了（尽力了，尽我所能了）”他说。“Time to get out of town. “现在是离开华盛顿的时候了。I intend to do everything I can to honor （给增光）the office我想尽我所能去做，不辱没总统之职（正反译法）。。。。。。so that Iraq is no problem for President Clinton now…如今我卸任之时，伊拉克对克林顿总统来说已不成问题了。He was very gracious to us all day. I really wish him well.” (178 underlined words)他这一天下来，对我们一直很不错，我诚心祝愿他万事如意。”

2) 和平和发展是当今世界的两大主题。Peace and development are the two main themes of

the world today. 维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。

Maintaining global peace, enhancing friendship and cooperation and promoting common development are the common desire of all peoples. 当今，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定和发展。

At present, worldwide stability and development are threatened by such serious problems as poverty, unemployment, refugee flows, crimes, population explosion, environmental degradation, drug abuse and terrorism. 中国同西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。Though different in their national conditions, China and Western countries share broad common interests on a wide range of major international issues. 我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。I am happy to see the improvement and expansion of China’s relations with them.中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业作出贡献。(159 underlined words)

3) The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne

Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. 在我的记忆里，安妮·曼斯菲尔德·沙利文老师来的第一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. 从这一天开始，我的生活和以前迥然不同，一想到这一点，我就觉得非常神奇。It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.那是1887年3月3日，我差三个月就满七周岁。

On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. 在那个重要的下午，我怀着期待的心情,一声不响站在门廊里。I was suggested vaguely from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, 母亲的表现（举动），人们在屋里匆匆地走来走去，使我模模糊糊地预感到不同寻常的事就要发生了。so I went to the door and waited on the steps. 于是我就走到门口，站在台阶上等待着。The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. 下午的阳光透过门廊上覆盖着的厚厚的忍冬，照在我微微仰着的脸上。My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. 我几乎

是无意识地用手抚摸我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这些花草刚吐露芬芳,迎接南方的春天。I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.但不知今后等待我的是什么，会使我欣喜，还是惊骇。Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.几个星期以来，痛苦和愤怒折磨着我,继这种情感上的激烈挣扎之后，是深深的倦怠。

3) 久在异国他乡，有时难免怀念祖国的。怀念极了，我也曾想：要是画一幅画儿，画出祖国的面貌特色，时刻挂的眼前，有多好。(此句很碎,不符合英语表达习惯,故需改变结构)Having lived abroad for a long time, I sometimes felt homesick so much that I longed for a painting of our motherland to hang in my room. 我把这心思跟一位擅长丹青的同志商量，求她画。I confided this wish to an artist friend and asked her to paint one for me.她说：“这可是个难题，“That is a tall（口语：巨大的,大量的。a tall price高价; a tall money 大宗钱财）order,” she said. 画什么呢？画点零山碎水，一人一物都不行。“What should I paint? A solit ary mountain and stream, or a figure or two wouldn’t do.再说，颜色也难调。And the choice of colors would be difficult. 你就是调尽五颜六色，又怎么能画得出祖国的面貌？”Even if I used all the colors of the rainbow, how could I do justice to our motherland?

4) Consume, consume, consume! Our society is consumer oriented!—dangerously so. 消费，消费，再消费！我们的社会以消费者为中心——而且到了危险的地步。To keep the wheels of industry turning, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, 为了使工业的车轮不停地运转，我们生产出无穷的消费品，and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our natural resources. 而在此过程中使自然资源迅速枯竭But this is only half the problem. 但这仅仅是问题的一半。（而且这还不是问题的全部）What do we do with manufactured products when they，are worn out? 工业产品用旧以后该如何处置？They must be disposed of, but how and where? 这些破旧物品必须处理掉，但是如何处理，处理到什么地方呢？Unsightly junkyards full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation. 我们国家的每座城市已经被堆满生锈汽车而颇不雅观的垃圾场包围了。Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year, enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon. 美国人每年扔掉800亿只瓶子和罐头盒，可以堆积起十座高耸触月的小山了。The re isn’t room for much more waste, and yet the factories grind on. 再没有地方来放置更多的垃圾，然而工厂却仍在拼命地生产。They cannot stop because everyone wants a job工厂无法停产，因为每个人都需要一份工作。. Our standard of living, one of the highest in the world, requires the consumption of manufactured products in ever-increasing amounts. 我们的生活水准在世界上名列前茅，对工业消费品的需求量与日俱增。Man, about to be buried in his waste, is caught in a vicious cycle. 即将被自己造成的垃圾埋没的人类陷入了一种恶性循环。“Stop the world, I want to get off,” is the way a popular song put man’s dilemma.一首流行歌曲是这样描述人类进退两难的处境的：“让地球停一停吧，我要下去！”

4) 在中国古代史上，黄河被称为中华民族的“母亲”，Known in ancient history of China as the “mother” of the Chinese, the Yellow River has given life to (harbored) hundreds of millions of Chinese. 她哺育了千千万万中华儿女。黄河流域是中华民族的“摇篮”，也是中国文化的发祥地。It is also called t he “cradle” of the nation and the birthplace of its civilization. 远古时代，这里曾经草木茂密，植物繁盛，In remote antiquity, the Yellow River Valley was covered with a luxuriant growth of trees and grass(and an abundance of plant life). 中华民族的祖先便在这块广大的土地上劳动生息。Our ancestors lived and

worked and propagated here. 经过数十万年原始社会以后，中国辽阔的国土上，这里最先进入农业文明，也是最早进入阶级社会。After hundreds of thousands of years of primitive society, the Yellow River Valley, of all places in China, became the first settled agricultural region and the first foothold of class society in the country.

5) One evening I look out of the window of my secluded cabin, and there are soft languid （倦怠的，没精打采的）flakes falling in the golden lamplight. 一天傍晚，我在僻静的木屋里举目窗外，看见淡黄色的灯光下纷纷扬扬地飘起了鹅毛雪花。They fall all night, while the voice of the Teal River becomes more and more hushed and the noises of the forest die away. 雪整整下了一夜，这一夜凫河收起了平日的喧嚣，往日树林里的风声也消失无踪。By dawn, the whole world of stream and wood and mountain has been kindled（发亮、点燃）to a white flame of beauty. 拂晓时刻，河流、树林、山峦整个大地银装素裹，分外妖娆。I go out in the early morning there is such a silence that even breath is a profanation(pr o’fane:v.a.). 清晨我走出门外，迎面一片静谧肃穆，连呼吸也成了亵渎不恭。The mountain to the north has a steel-blue light on it, 北边山顶的天际露出淡淡的曙光；and to the west the sky still holds something of the darkness of the night. 西面的天空仍有几分夜色。I look up and see the morning star keeping white watch over a white world. 我抬头仰望，但见启明星仍在坚守岗位，俯视着这洁白的世界。Soon the whole sky is azure(天蓝色) and fla’mingo. 少时，碧空展现，朝霞吐辉，Every branch of every tree is weighted with cold and stillness; 每棵树的枝丫都堆云叠絮，凝寒守静，every stump is crowned with crystal; 每棵树桩都戴上晶莹洁白的王冠，every fallen log is overlaid with silver. 每根伐倒的圆木都批上了银装。

[05本（2）钟秋亮：某冬日之夜，居于幽静偏远之木屋，我倚窗而望，入目的是悠然轻柔，纷纷雪片，于金色灯光中满天飞扬。扬扬洒洒下了一整夜，令凫河之水悄然安静，使喧闹树林寂然无声。拂晓将至，河流、森林、山峦皓皓世界，银装素裹，奕奕生辉。

清晨时分，我便离屋赏雪。苍茫大地，一片静谧，恐呼吸亦成大逆不道。山之以北已是天色微明，西边则夜色犹存。举头仰望，启明星依然闪耀于皓然大地之上。少时，天空渐亮渐蓝，朝霞徐徐吐辉。缕缕枝条，负雪而垂；几几树桩，水晶为冠；根根落木，纯银为衣。]

5) 前几日，一位阔别多年的文友经过辗转曲折的多方“寻觅”，终于通过另外一位朋友向我转达了他急于同我重建联系的渴望。The other day, a friend of mine in literary circles, of whom I have lost track for years, after adopting all possible means to seek me, eventually conveyed a message to me through a mutual acquaintance that he was eager to resume contact with me. 这位友人多年前就跻身商海，今日已很有成就，He entered the business circle years ago and is now a successful businessman. 他对中间传话的友人说：“我找他找了十几年了！”He said to the one passing the message, “I’ve been looking for him for over ten years.”这一句话，我听后顿觉心头一热，眼眶内便有激动的液体涌流出来。At this cordial remark tears welled up in my eyes. 不是我过于脆弱，而实在是身处当今这物欲横流的时代，还有什么比听到一句相知的话语，而更令人激动的呢？Not that I was too sentimental, but in the profit-oriented world today, what is there more exciting than these friendly heart-warming words?

6) Divorce rates remain very high by historical standards, and the children of the first generation of easy divorce are well into their own adult lives. 按历史标准衡量，目前的离婚率仍然很高，而第一代草率离婚者的子女都早已进入成年。Beyond all the statistics and

anecdotal accounts of this vast subject, what are the key dynamics that are leading to health or sickness for the institution of marriage? 撇开所有关于离婚的数据统计和轶闻趣事不谈，我们不禁要问，婚姻的美满或不幸主要由什么造成的？Where are we going wrong? 我们在什么地方出了差错？And how can we get back on track? 怎样才能回到正轨上来？

The central question is whether we have allowed a culture to develop that disables people for the challenges of marriages. 问题的核心在于，我们是否听任了某种文化的任意发展，使人们无力面对婚姻的挑战（面对婚姻的困境无能为力）？Social emphasis on selfishness and self-centeredness, 社会注重（名词转译问动词）自私自利，强调（增词，中文的节奏感）以自我为中心，and the achievement-oriented ethic（道德观）of our business world, all encourage us to put family in second place. 而商界的价值观以业绩为中心，这些都促使我们把家庭放在次要的位置上。Marriage often represents （象征）the transition from such a world of selfishness to a world of giving. 婚姻常常意味着从自私到给予的过渡。Family life is the normal context in which we can learn that a life filled with thinking about others instead of ourselves is the sure road to the most fulfilling（令人满足的）joys and satisfactions. 家庭生活是一种正常的环境，我们从中可以认识到，只有为别人而不是为自己着想的生活才是通向快乐和满足的必由之路。

6) 从长远看，亚太地区依然是世界经济发展最具活力的地区。The Asia-Pacific region, in the long run, will remain economically the most dynamic part of the world.只要各国、各地区同舟共济，携手合作、克服困难，亚太地区必将迎来一个新的发展阶段。It will surely usher in a new phase of development if all the countries and regions pull together in common interests of APEC that all its member economies enhance coordination in macro policies,从亚太经合组织的共同利益出发，各成员应加强宏观调控政策协调，深化经济结构改革，稳定金融市场，为经济恢复和持续发展创造良好的宏观环境。deepen economic restructuring, stabilize financial markets and create a sound overall environment for economic recovery and sustainable development. 发达成员是经济全球化的主要收益者和世界经济增长的重要力量，Developed members are the major beneficiaries of economic globalization and an important force for worldwide economic growth. 应尽快采取进一步措施，重建市场信心，扩大需求，促进世界和本地区经济早日恢复和发展。Therefore, they should lose no time in adopting further measures to restore market confidence, expand demand and promote an early recovery and development of the regional and global economy.

7) Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a blend of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. 心理学家说享有休闲娱乐的时光，拥有令人满意的工作，两者兼备，我们才能感到幸福。I doubt that my great-grandmother, who raised 14 children and took in washing, had much of either. 我的曾祖母养育了14个子女，以洗衣为生，我不相信她能有多少闲暇时间，也不相信她的工作有多令人满意。She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what fulfilled her. 但是，她的确有一个亲朋密友圈，一个和睦的家庭，也许这就令她心满意足了。If she was happy with what she had, perhaps it was because she didn’t expect life to be very different.如果说她满足于现状，也许是因为她所希望的生活就是如此。

While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. 虽然幸福对于我们而言也许更为复杂（并不如此简单），但是，获得幸福的途径却亘古不变。Happiness isn’t about what happens to us—it’s about how we perceive what happens to us.

幸福不在于于生活中所发生的事情，而取决于我们看待它们的态度。It’s the knack of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a setback as a challenge. 化消极为积极，视挫折为挑战，这就是秘诀所在。It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess. 幸福不是企求所缺，而是享受所有。

（而我们面对着如此众多的选择，事事力求成功，所以，就把幸福看作是“必须实现的”一个又一个的目标。总认为自己理当幸福，将幸福同财富、成功相提并论，却没有注意到享有成功和财富的人未必更幸福。）

7) 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外的犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生的一大快事，如果无须回信的话。To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters from overseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes（诗：地方，风土）, is unquestionably one of life’s greatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply. 回信，是读信之乐的一大代价。Answering letters is a heavy price to pay for the enjoyment of reading letters. 久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然相对减少，以至于此，此时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。The inevitable consequences of tardiness or infrequency in answering letters is a corresponding reduction in, and ultimate cessation of, the pleasure of receiving letters, in which case friendship is prematurely broken off, until the day in sackcloth and ashes （哀悔，悲切忏悔）you summon up the willpower to put pen to paper again. 蹉跎这么久，接信之乐早变成了欠信之苦，Through this dillydallying(dawdling) the pleasure of receiving letters has turned to the misery of owing letters.我便是这么一个累犯的罪人，交友千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的I am an old lag（积犯，掉队者）in this respect: nearly every one of my numerous friends can recite from my crime sheet（士兵违犯军纪的记录，幽默）.

8) When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. 我想弄清楚为什么那么多美国人不像人们料想的那么快乐，觉得似乎有两个原因，其中一个比另一个深刻得多。The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience in some larger organizations. 那个浅显的原因是，在大机构里供职必须俯首贴耳。If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. 如果你是精力充沛的人，对于如何圆满完成你的工作有独到的见解，你发现自己总要听命于上面的某个大人物，他上了年纪，精力不支，还爱吹毛求疵。（定语从句，断句）Whenever you have a bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. 你有一个好主意，老板就一棍子打死（一句话否定）。The more energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. 你越是积极，越是有见地，你就越苦于无法完成你觉得自己应该完成的工作。When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became proper sort of yes-man your income would soon be doubled. 你回到家向妻子抱怨时，你妻子会说你是个蠢货，还说你若是个唯唯诺诺的人，你的收入很快就会翻一番。If you try divorce or remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. 如果你想离婚再娶一个女人，这种情况不会发生任何变化。And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age. 因此，你注定要得胃溃疡，未老先衰。

8) 1945 年之后，由于在各种问题上的态度，加拿大被公认为联合国的维和派和中间力量，

当时的情况与1967年我国所面临的情形没什么两样：。Canada’s post-1945 reputation as peacekeeper and middle power bulwark（堡垒，保障）of the United Nations was thus honed（磨）as a response to challenges that, while ever-evolving, were not much different from those we faced in 1967: ( Owing to its stands on various issues post-1945 Canada was acknowledged as peacekeeper and intermediate forces of the United Nations, the situations of which were not much different from those we faced in 1967:)一个相对弱小的

国家（至少在军事实力方面）周旋于大国之间，通过各种方法来保护自身的利益；a relatively small country ( at least in terms of military power) finding means of pursuing our interests while dealing with much larger players; 推进平衡并极力扩张相对中立的地位，确立在国际事务中的作用；trying to define our role in the world, both as an instrument of identity（一致，平衡）and as a tool to magnify our relatively modest status; 以对我们

最有利的方式协调与欧洲的关系。总之，针对变化中的世界不断调整我们的外交政策tailoring continental realities to our best advantage and, above all, adapting our diplomatic policies to a changing world.

9) I ask you seriously: could anything be more unutterably beautiful? The sensation of falling asleep is to me the most delightful in the world. I relish it so much that I even look forward to death itself with a sneaking wonder and desire. Well, here is sleep poetized and made doubly sweet. Here is sleep set to the finest music in the world. I match this situation against any that you can think of. It is only enchanting; it is also, in a very true sense, ennobling. In the end, when the lady grows prettily miffed and throws me out, I return to my sorrows somehow purged and glorified. I am a better man in my own sight. I have gazed upon the fields of asphodel. I have been genuinely, completely and unregrettably happy. 我认真地问你：还有什么比这更美妙得难以言状？对我来说人世间最惬意的莫过于入睡的感觉。我深得其乐，甚至暗暗地怀着向往和热望憧憬起死亡来了。啊，这里的睡眠诗意绵绵，倍加甜蜜。这里的睡眠伴随着世间最美妙的乐曲。此情此景堪与你所能想象到的任何东西相媲美。它令人如痴如醉；也真正使心灵得以升华。最终，那位女士颇为嗔怒，不再理睬我。我只好重新陷入我的哀愁，这哀愁多少净化了一些，高尚了一些。在我看来，我比先前的我也好了一些。我曾在满是长春花的田野玩赏。我曾经真真切切地、完完全全地、毫无遗憾地快乐过。

9) 我跟所有其余的人一样，生活在这世界上，是为着来征服生活。我也曾参加这个“搏斗”里面。我有我的爱，我的恨。有我的快乐也有我的痛苦。但是我并没有失去我

的信仰：对于生活的信仰。我的生活还不会结束，我也不知道在前面还有什么东西在等

着我。然而我对于将来却也有一点概念。因为过去并不是一个沉默的哑子，它会告诉我

们一些事情。Like everybody else, I live in this world for the purpose of conquering life. I have also taken part in the “struggle”. I have my own love and hate, and happiness and sorrow. But I have never lost my faith—a faith in life. There is still some way to go before my life runs out, and I do not know what the future has in store for me. Nevertheless, I am not without some idea of what the future is like because the past, being no silent mute, will give me some hint.

10) The influence of the forms and actions in nature is so needful to man, that, in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty. To the body and mind

which have been cramped by noxious work or company, nature is medicinal and restores their tone. The tradesman, the attorney comes out of the din and craft of the street and sees the sky and the woods, and is a man again. In their eternal calm, he finds himself. The health of the eye seems to demand a horizon. We are never tired, so long as we can see far enough.

But in other hours, Nature satisfies by its loveliness, and without any mixture of corporeal benefit. I see the spectacle of morning from the hilltop over against my house, from daybreak to sunrise, with emotions which an angel might share. (146 words)

自然界种种形态和种种活动于人的影响，都是必须的，其最基本的作用似乎局限于

实用和审美的范围。人为有害的工作和朋友所累，身心受到束缚，回到自然界中，自然

对其有医疗作用，能恢复其身心的本来状况。商人或律师走出喧嚣的市街，搁下处事的

机心，抬头看见天空树木，其人性复归也。在自然界永恒的寂静之中，他悟出了自己的

本性。眼睛要想健康，视野似乎一定要广阔。只要我们能极目远眺，我们就永远不会疲

倦。

但是在我们并不觉得疲倦的时候，自然也总是赏心悦目的；我们觉得自然可爱，并

不考虑身体所受的实惠。从我家外面的山顶向外看晨曦的奇观，从破晓到日出，我飘飘

欲仙，也许只有天使才有同感。

10) 中国的计划生育政策取得了巨大的成绩。1970的出生率为千分之33。43，1991年底降

到千分之19。68。1991年的人口自然增长率约为千分之12。98。

中国始终坚持政府引导与群众自愿相结合的方针，执行计划生育政策，始终把宣传教育放在首位。其目的是要使人们意识到，计划生育是一项直接关系到国家繁荣和人们家庭幸福的基本国策。与此同时，政府也采取了一些必要的经济和行政措施作为有效贯彻计划生育的辅助手段。（185 words, 33’）China has achieved tremendous successes in family planning. The birth rate dropped from 33.43 per 1,000 in 1970 to 19.68 per 1.000 in 1991, and the natural population growth decreased to 12.98 per 1,000 in 1991.

China always adheres to the principle of combining government guidance with The wishes of the masses when carrying out its family planning policy. The government has always given priority to publicity and education to make people realize that birth control is a fundamental state policy which directly affects the prosperity 01 the nation and the h appiness of people’s family life. At the same time, the government has adopted some necessary economic and administrative measures as supplementary means to carry out the policy efficiently.

11) It used to be said that English people take their pleasures sadly. No doubt this would still

be true it they had any pleasures to take but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought

that the habit of taking pleasures sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income. In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in opulent cars

whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me to expect. In nine cases out of ten, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate. 以前人们常说，英国人享乐时也郁郁不乐。如今，如果英国人真有什么乐趣可享的话，情况无疑还会依然如故，不过英国的烟酒价格构成了足以令人忧愁的外因。有时我觉得这种享乐时也郁郁不乐的癖性已经传到了大西洋彼岸，我不由得纳闷：这么多讲英语的人身体又健康，收入又丰厚，怎么人生观却如此消沉。

我在美国旅行期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。大多数社会改革家认为，若是消除了贫困，有了经济保障，太平盛世就会到来。但是，无论在贵国还是在敝国，看看坐在豪华轿车里的人的面孔，却看不到社会改革家引导人们期待的那种喜气洋洋的神情。相反，十有八九，我看到的是一副副厌倦不满的神情，以及一种近乎疯狂的渴望，想找点东西吊起早已发腻的胃口。

11)温：中国的改革是从农村开始的，农村改革是从解决农民对土地的生产经营自主权开始的。农村的土地是集体所有。我们在改革开始的时候就实行了家庭承包经营的基本经济制度，就是说，农民拥有对土地的生产和经营自主权，此后土地承包期不断延长。现在我可以直接回答你，农民对土地的生产经营自主权将长期不变，也就是永远不变。 (148 words)

Wen: China's reform started in the countryside. China's rural reform started with the right to manage land by farmers. In the countryside, land is under collective ownership.

In the early days of the reform and opening up, the first step we adopted in the countryside was to set up the family contract responsibility system. Farmers were given the right to manage their land, and such rights of the farmer have been extended time and again. Now I can say directly that farmers' autonomy to manage their land won't change for a long time. Actually it will never change.

12) The second value discipline we call product leadership. Its practitioners concentrate on

offering products that push performance boundaries. Their proposition to customers is an offer of the best product, period. Moreover, product leaders do not build their positions with just one innovation; they continue to innovate year after year, product cycle after product cycle.

The third value discipline we have named customer intimacy. Its adherents focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want. Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions; they cultivate relationships. They specialize in satisfying unique needs, which often only they recognize, through a close relationship with –and intimate knowledge of –the customer. Their proposition to the customer: We have the best solution for you, and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum results, or value, or both, from whatever products you buy.第二种价值准则我们称之为产品先锋。其遵循者把注意力集中在提供性能最好最新的产品上。他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：提供最好的产品周期。此外，产品先锋们并不止步于只是一种革新；他们年复一年地创新，一个产品循环接一个产品循环地创新。

第三种价值准则我们称之为密切联系顾客。此价值准则的拥护者着重供应的不是市场所

需的而是特定顾客群体所需的。与顾客关系密切的公司追求的不是一次性的交易；他们培养与顾客之间的关系。他们满足顾客的特殊要求，而这些要求，只有靠他们和顾客建立起密切的关系、深入的了解才能获知。他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：我们为您提供最佳解决问题办法，提供您所需的一切支持，以达到您所买的任何产品的最佳效果或价值，或两者兼顾。

12) 连长向我说了以上的情形，他的声调是缓慢的，他的情感是沉重的。他说在阵地上掩埋烈士的时候，他掉了眼泪。但他接着说：“你不要以为我是为他们伤心，我是为他们骄傲！我觉得我们的战士太伟大了，太可爱了，我不能不被他们感动得掉下泪来。”

朋友们，当你听到这段英雄事迹的时候，你的感想如何呢？你不觉得我们的战士是可爱的吗？你不以我们的祖国有这样的英雄而自豪吗？The regimental commander who told me these spoke slowly and emotionally. He said that when he was burying the heroes in their battleground he shed tears. “Don’t think that I was distressed,”he went on to explain. “I was proud of them! Our soldiers are so brave, so glorious, I was greatly moved by what they had done.”

Friends, what do you feel when you hear of such heroism? Don’t you feel that our fighters inspire love? Don’t you feel we should take pride in a country that can boast of heroes such as these?

13）An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.人生应该条河，起初河面很小，夹在两岸之间，河水奔腾咆哮，流过巨石，飞下悬崖。后来河面逐渐展宽，两岸变得越来越远，河水也流得较为平缓，最后流进大海，与海水浑然一体，看不出任何界线，从而结束其单独存在的那一段历程，但毫无痛苦之感。如果一个人到了老年能够这样看待自己的一生，他就不会害怕死亡了，因为他所关心的一切将会继续下去。如果随着精力的衰退，日见倦怠，就会觉得长眠未必不是件好事。我希望在工作时死去，知道自己不再做的事有人会继续做下去，而且想到自己能做的事情都已做到了，也就心满意足了。

13）在感情上，不要只跟着自己的感觉走，“自我感觉”这东西并不实在，夜晚里闪着银光的路上，往往是一片泥水。

如果你不爱，请千万别回转身，不要管身后的人怎样泪流满面，那只是一时的感受，要知道爱应该是相互的。当岁月流逝，身后的人找到属于自己的幸福，他和她相互爱慕，你应该感到欣慰。扬起头，潇洒地向前走吧，不要那么心事重重，这不是你的错。你的路上会鲜花常开，你完全有权利采到自己最喜欢最满意的一朵。Do not trust your intuition in love affairs. So-called “one’s intuitive feelings”can be deceiving. A patch of road glistening at night may be a muddy one.

Remember love is mutual. If you don't have the same affection as the person behind does towards you, never turn round to look even If there is a tearful pleading face; letting the grief go of itself. There will be a day for that person to find a desirable sweetheart. You

will be pleased to see that there is a reciprocated love between them. Go ahead holding up your head. Don't be disturbed by your refusal to accept the person's love for it is not your fault. On your road, you will find flowers here and there, among which you can pick the one you like and are satisfied with.

14) And here lived a philosopher of repute, the desire to see whom had been to me one of the incentives of a somewhat arduous journey. 正是在这里居住着一位德高望重的哲学家。前去拜访这位先生曾是我不辞此番跋涉之劳的动机之一。He was the greatest authority in China on the Confucian learning. 他乃是当今中国儒学的权威之一。He was said to speak English and German with facility（灵巧、熟练）. 据说他的英语和德语都讲得很好。He had been for many years secretary to one of the Empress Dowager' s（遗孀，贵妇）greatest viceroys（总督）, but he lived now in retirement. 多年来他曾以幕僚身份供职于慈禧时一个最显赫的宰相衙门，当然如今早已隐退。On certain days in the week, however, all through the year he opened his doors to such as those who sought after knowledge, and discoursed（演讲/讲述）on the teaching of Confucius. 然而一年当中他总是在每周的某日某日将其宅门对那些渴求知识的人慷慨开放，并亲为传授孔学经义。He had a body of disciples, but it was small, since the students, for the most part, preferred to his modest dwelling and his severe exhortations the sumptuous buildings of the foreign university and the useful science of the barbarians; 他周围是有一批门徒的，但为数不多，原因是青年学生中，在他简朴的居室与严厉的训斥和外国大学的豪华建筑与蛮夷的实用科学之间，多数人是更为喜欢后者的。with him this was mentioned only to be scornfully dismissed. 这件事他提起来时，也只会一笑置之罢了。From all I heard of him I concluded that he was a man of character. 从我听到的关于他的种种传言来看，我已看得出他是一个有品格的人。

14) 新中国宣告了中国妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭等各方面均享有与男子平等的权利，她们和全体中国公民一样成为国家与社会的主人。中国的各种法律保障妇女与男子具有同等的权利和地位，具有同等人格和尊严。中国政府运用法律的、行政的和教育的手段消除对妇女的各种歧视，保护妇女的特殊权益。今天，中国妇女已享有中国社会几千年来从未达到、许多发达国家历时数百年才得到承认的平等权利。New China proclaimed that Chinese women enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life and that they have become, like all Chinese citizens, masters of the state and society. Chinese laws guarantee that women and men enjoy the same rights and status and have equal personal dignity. The Chinese government employs legal administrative and educational means to eliminate all kinds of discrimination against women and protect their special rights and interests. Today, as an important token of civilization and progress, Chinese women enjoy equal rights which had remained unattainable in Chinese society over millennia and which only became accepted in many developed countries after some centuries.

15) How to Grow Old (by Bertrand Russell)

In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live To a great age, and he died of

a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women’s high education. (178 word, 32’)

题目虽然这样写，实际上本文所要谈的却是怎样才可以不老。对于像我这样年纪的人来说，这个问题就更是重要得多了。我的头条忠告是，你可得要挑好你的先人啊。我的父母年纪轻轻就去世了，可是说到祖辈，我还是选得不错的。我外祖父固然是在风华正茂之年就弃世了，当时他只有六十七岁，但是我的祖父、祖母和外祖母却都活到了八十以上。再往远一点说，在我的先人之中，我发现只有一位活得不长，他得了一种现在已不多见的病，那就是头让人砍掉了。我的一位曾祖母，和吉本是朋友，活到了九十二岁，她直到临终都使儿孙们望而生畏。我的外父母有九个孩子活了下来，有一个孩子很小就死了，她还流产过多次。丈夫一死，她就致力于女子高等教育。

15）（选自江泽民在哈佛大学的演讲）

……

二是独立自主的传统。我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本。中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败，但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。今天，我们在探索自己的发展道路时，坚持从中国国情出发，来解决如何进行经济政治文化建设的问题，而不照搬别国模式。（191words, 35’）Second, the tradition of maintaining independence. Our ancestors always regarded the

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