高中牛津英语模块七 Unit2 Reading

Two life-saving medicines

This article will focus on two drugs that started ravolutions in medicine.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world,it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.

Aspirin

Aspirin was invented in 1897.However,the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature.Nearly 3500 years ago,people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.About 2500 years ago,the Greek physician Hippocrates,father of all doctors,made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect.It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899,when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.A year later,in 1900,aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets.Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.

Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain,but there are also other things that aspirin can help https://www.wendangku.net/doc/028535364.html,wrence Craven,a doctor from the USA,introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks,because it helped the blood circulate better.The report was ignored.However,in 1971,Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect,and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes,as well.Eleven years later,Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduc the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent.In 1999,aspirin was over 100 years old,and yet there have been more discoverise about how it can help increase the length of people's lives.In 2003,a Chinese doctor,Dr Yuan Minsheng,found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and,therefore,help people with diabetes.

Penicillin

Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people's health is penicillin,which is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society.It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal--there was blue mould in it.It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead,which meant that the mould had killed them.Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.He named the liquid made from the mould ‘penicillin’.However,the development of penicillin as a drug faced two problems.First,he was unable to find a procedure to make penicillin pure enough to work as a medicine.Second,it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.In 1940,two other scientists,Howard Florey (Australian) and Ernst Chain (German-born English),helped solve these problems,and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.Since the new drug was needed for World War II,the government approval process for penicillin was acclerated,and mass production began in 1944.Due to the widespread use of penicillin,many lives were saved during the war.If penicillin

had not been available,many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century,saving millions of lives.

In 1945,the three scientists,Fleming,Florey and Chain,shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work.

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高中牛津英语模块六句子翻译

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attitude态度，看法 anchor扎根于，使基于 be based on以……为基础，以……为根据 cautious小心的，谨慎的eager热切的，急不可待的worldwide全世界的adolescent青春期的respond做出反应，回应pause停顿，暂停 regardless不顾；不管怎样regardless of不管，不顾security平安，安全 end up最终处于 waiting room候车室；等候室 rely依靠，依赖rely on依靠，依赖 trolleybus无轨电车 revision复习；修订 thanks to幸亏；由于 committed尽心尽力的 mercy宽恕；仁慈 apology道歉 Unit2 spokeswoman女发言人 consultant顾问 debate辩论；争论 open the floor自由发言flow流，流动 duty责任，义务 cut back on减少，削减，缩减 production产量；生产

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Unit 1 Laughter is good for you laughter n. 笑，笑声 humour n. 幽默 comedy n. 喜剧 comedian n. 喜剧演员，滑稽演员 response n. 回应，反应；问答 reaction n. 反应 main adj. 主要的 physical adj. 形体动作的 impressionist adj. 印象模仿的 humorous adj. 幽默的，滑稽的 queue vi. 排队，列队 visual adj. 视觉的 actor n. 演员，男演员 act vi. 表演 academy n. 学院，研究院，学会 routine n. 常规，惯例，常规节目，节目 live adv.＆adj. 现场直播的，生动的 little-known adj. 鲜为人知的 outstanding adj. 杰出的，显着的 improvise vt. 即兴表演，即兴发挥，即兴创作microphone n. 麦克风，话筒 lip n. 嘴唇 appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的，恰如其分的silent adj. 寂静的；沉默的 silent film 无声电影 howl vi.＆n. 大叫；嚎叫 amuse vt. 使愉快，使高兴 saying n. 格言，谚语 somehow adv. 不知何故 vital adj. 至关重要的 entertainment n. 娱乐 enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热情的 tough adj. 辛苦的，累的；粗暴的worthwhile adj. 值得的 foreigner n. 外国人 initial adj. 最初的，初始的 dialogue n. 对话 skilled adj. 熟练的 skill n. 技能 invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的

牛津高中英语模块五单词表doc版

— 牛津高中英语模块五单词表Unit1 vt.出卖，背叛betray n.小测验quiz vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作pretend 【 adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的 cheerful n.洗手间，厕所washroom vt.&vi.请求，恳求；乞讨beg vt.&vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话swear ^ vi.从事间谍活动；搜索情报n.间谍 spy 暗中监视，窥探spy on adv.真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地truly vt.原谅，宽恕forgive * adv.真诚地 sincerely n.童年，幼年childhood adj.极佳的；卓越的superb vt.&vi.集中注意力于……；（使）聚焦n.焦点；重点~ focus n.速度；步伐；节奏pace （与……）步调一致，（与……）同步keep pace with n.方式；态度，举止manner adj.急坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的{ horrible adj.内疚的；有罪的guilty adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的cruel n.&vi.评论，谈论remark vt.不喜欢，厌恶$ dislike vi.争吵，争论argue adj.令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的awkward adj.道歉apologize vt.&n.争吵，争执" quarrel vt.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的sensitive adj.擅长运动的；健壮的athlete vt.&n.羡慕，忌妒envy vt.责备，指责 、 blame

n.（坏事或错事的）责任；责备，指责 adj.有天赋的，有天才的gifted n.分歧，争论，意见不一disagreement 不久，很快before long ； mailbox n.邮箱 n.代数algebra n.算术arithmetic n.复活节Easter ; amusement n.娱乐，消遣 n.游乐场amusement park n.马戏表演；马戏团circus adv.&adj在线（的）online . identity n.身份 adj.荒唐的，怪诞的absurd adj.没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透的hopeless vt.克服，解决overcome ~ get through （用电话）接通 n.泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，（与某人） acquaintance 认识 adj.双胞胎之一的；成双的 twin n.双胞胎之一；一对相向的事物之一 n.公寓套房& apartment n.话题topic n.态度，看法attitude vt.扎根于；使基于；下锚；是固定n.锚anchor 以……为基础，以……为根据# be based on adj.小心的，谨慎的cautious adj.热切的，急不可待的eager adv.&adj.全世界（的）worldwide adj.青春期的n.青少年- adolescent vi.做出反应，回应respond vi.&n.停顿，暂停pause adv.不顾；不顾怎样regardless 不管，不顾… regardless of n.平安，安全；安全措施security 最后成为；最终处于end up

牛津重点高中英语模块六单词表

M6 Unit1 comedyn.喜剧 weeklyn.周刊；周报 adj.每周的 standupfor支持，维护 stand-upn.单口喜剧 adj.(喜剧)单人表演的 stagen.舞台；阶段，时期 comediann.喜剧演员，滑稽演员teasevt.取笑；揶揄；戏弄previousadj.先前的，以往的 varietyn.(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式stylen.风格；方式；样式 behave表现 visualadj.视觉的 hammern.锤子，榔头 vt.敲，捶打 tripvi.＆vt.绊，(使)绊倒 tripover绊倒 performancen.表演，演出；表现，业绩makefunof拿……表玩笑；取笑，嘲弄affectionn.喜爱同，钟爱haveaffectionfor喜爱，钟爱performern.演员；表演者 academyn.研究院，学会；专科院校performvi.＆vt.演出，表演；做，履行； 工作，运转 little-knownadj.鲜为人知的comeupwith想出；拿出 technicaladj.技术的，技能的 lipn.嘴唇 silentfilmn.无声电影 howlvi.大叫，嚎叫 n.嚎叫,嚎叫声 amusevt.逗笑，逗乐;提供（消遣），（使）娱乐 sayingn.格言，谚语，警句 cigarn.雪茄烟 bathtubn.浴缸，浴盆 passaway去世，亡故 mournvi.＆vt衷悼，忧伤 fitnessn.健壮，健康；适合strengthenvi.＆vt增强；巩固participatevi.参加，参与 deep-breathingadj.深呼吸的positiveadj.积极的，正面的

牛津高中英语模块5单词表

1 牛津高中英语模块五词 汇表 Unit1 betray出卖，背叛 quiz小测验 pretend假装；装扮 cheerful愉快的，高兴的washroom洗手间，厕所admit承认；允许进入 beg请求，恳求；乞讨 swear发誓；郑重承诺 spy从事间谍活动 spy on暗中监视，窥探 truly真诚地，诚恳的 forgive原谅，宽恕 sincerely真诚地 childhood童年，幼年 superb极佳的；卓越的 focus集中注意力于…… pace速度；步伐；节奏keep pace with(与……)步调一致manner方式；态度，举止 circus马戏表演；马戏团identity身份 absurd荒唐的，怪诞的hopeless没有好转希望的 overcome克服，解决 get through(用电话)接通acquaintance泛泛之交，熟人 twin双胞胎之一的apartment公寓套房 topic话题 attitude态度，看法 anchor扎根于，使基于 be based on以……为基础，以……为根据 cautious小心的，谨慎的eager热切的，急不可待的 worldwide全世界的 adolescent青春期的 respond做出反应，回应 pause停顿，暂停

regardless不顾；不管怎样 regardless of不管，不顾security平安，安全 end up最终处于 waiting room候车室；等候室rely依靠，依赖 rely on依靠，依赖 trolleybus无轨电车 revision复习；修订 thanks to幸亏；由于 committed尽心尽力的 mercy宽恕；仁慈 apology道歉 Unit2 spokeswoman女发言人 consultant顾问 debate辩论；争论 open the floor自由发言 flow流，流动 duty责任，义务 cut back on减少，削减，缩减production产量；生产 recycle回收利用 pipe管子，管道 greedy贪婪的，贪心的 businessman商界人员responsibility责任，职责 belief看法；信念 environmental环境的 operate经营；动手术 credit赞扬，称赞，认可quantity数量 raw原始的，未经加工或处理的 raw material原材料 seafood海味，海鲜 willing愿意的，乐意的 tax税，税款 goods商品，货品 pump用泵输送 use up用尽 run out (of)用完，耗尽 madam女士，夫人 arrival到来，抵达；到达者clean up打扫(或清除)干净

最新牛津高中英语模块六词汇表 带英标

Module 6 Unit 1 1 comedy / ?k?m?d?/ n.喜剧 2 weekly n.周刊；周报adj.每周的 3 crosstalk n.相声 4 stand up for 支持，维护 5 stand-up n.单口喜剧adj.(喜剧)单人表演的 6 stage / ste?d?/ n.舞台；阶段，时期 7 comedian / k??mi?d??n / n.喜剧演员 8 tease / ti?z/vt.取笑；揶揄；戏弄 9 previous / ?pri?v??s / adj.先前的，以往的 10 variety/ v??ra??t?/ n.不同种类；多种样式 11 style/ sta?l/ n.风格；方式；样式 12 behave / b??he?v/ vi.＆vt.表现 13 visual / ?v??u?l/ adj.视觉的 14 hammer / ?h?m?(r)/ n.锤子，榔头vt.敲，捶打 15 trip vi.＆vt.绊，(使)绊倒 16 trip over 绊倒 17 performance n.表演，演出；表现，业绩 18 make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄 19 affection/ ??fek?n;/ n.喜爱，钟爱 20 have affection for 喜爱，钟爱 21 performer n.演员；表演者 22 academy/ ??k?d?m?/ n.研究院，学会；专科院校 23 perform vi.＆vt.表演；做，履行；运转 24 little-known adj.鲜为人知的 25 come up with 想出；拿出 26 technical / ?tekn?kl/ adj.技术的，技能的 27 lip/ l?p/ n.嘴唇 28 silent film n.无声电影 29 howl / haul/ vi.大叫，嚎叫n.嚎叫, 嚎叫声 30 amuse / ??mju?z/vt.逗笑，逗乐;(使)娱乐 31 saying n.格言，谚语，警句 32 cigar / s??gɑ?(r)/n.雪茄烟 33 bathtub n.浴缸，浴盆 34 pass away 去世，亡故 35 mourn / m??n/vi.＆vt.衷悼，忧伤 36 fitness / 'f?tn?s/ n.健壮，健康；适合 37 strengthen / ?stre?θn/ vi.＆vt.增强；巩固 38 yoga / ?j?ug?/ 瑜伽术39 muscle/ ?m?sl/ n.肌肉 40 participate / pɑ??t?s?pe?t/vi.参加，参与 41 deep-breathing adj.深呼吸的 42 positive /?p?z?t?v/ adj.积极的，正面的；肯定的 43 drive away 赶走；驱赶 44 negative/?neg?t?v/ adj.消极的/否定的；有害的 45 guarantee / ?g?r?n?ti?/vt.＆n.保证；担保 46 foolishness / ?fu?l?n?s ?/ n.愚蠢 47 foreigner n.外国人 48 instruct / ?n?str?kt/ vt.教授；指示，命令 49 take on 接纳;呈现;承担;雇佣 50 initial/ ??n??l/ adj.最初的，初始的n.首字母 51 attain / ??te?n/ vt.(通常经过努力)获得；达到 52 polish / ?p?l??/ vt.提高；修改；润色 53 invisible / ?n?v?z?bl/ adj.看不见的；无形的 54 bench / bent?/ n.长凳，长椅 55 setting n.(戏剧、小说等的)情节背景；场景 56 make room for 为……腾出地方 57 textbook n. 教科书；课本 58 cosy / ˋk?uz?/ adj.暖和舒适的，惬意的 59 invitation /?nv?'te??n/ n.邀请 60 alongside prep.＆adv.在……旁边；与……一起 61 crowded adj.拥挤的 62 castle /?kɑ?sl/ n.城堡；堡垒 63 armchair n.扶手椅 64 yell / jel/ vi.＆n.叫喊，大喊,吼叫 65 pile / pa?l/ n.摞；垛；堆 66 official-looking adj.貌似官方的 67 anger / ???g?(r)/ n.怒，怒火，怒气 68 bow / bau/ vi.＆vt./ n.鞠躬；低头; 69 dash / d??/ vi.急驰，猛冲n.猛冲；匆忙 70 tear / te?(r)/ vt.撕，扯 71 burst vi.猛冲，突然出现；爆裂 72 burst in 闯进；突然闯入 73 empty-handed adj.空手；一无所获 74 glare/ gle?(r)/ vi. 怒目而视；发出炫目的光 75 glare at 对……怒目而视 76 hold out 递出；拿出；伸出

牛津重点高中英语模块五单词表

M5 Unit1 betrayvt.出卖，背叛 quizn.小测验 pretendvi.＆vt.假装；装扮，扮作cheerfuladj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的washroomn.洗手间，厕所 begvt.＆vi.请求，恳求；乞讨 swearvt.＆vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话 spyvi.从事间谍活动；搜索情报 n.间谍 spyon暗中监视，窥探 trulyadv.真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地forgivevt.原谅，宽恕 sincerelyadv.真诚地 childhoodn.童年，幼年 superbadj.极佳的；卓越的 focusvt.＆vi.集中注意力于……；（使）聚焦 n.焦点；重点 pacen.速度；步伐；节奏 keeppacewith（与……）步调一致，（与……）同步 mannern.方式；态度，举止 horribleadj.急坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的 guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的 crueladj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的remarkn.＆vi.评论，谈论 dislikevt.不喜欢，厌恶 arguevi.争吵，争论 awkwardadj.令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的apologizeadj.道歉 quarrelvt.＆n.争吵，争执 sensitivevt.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的athleteadj.擅长运动的；健壮的 envyvt.＆n.羡慕，忌妒 blamevt.责备，指责 n.（坏事或错事的）责任；责备，指责 giftedadj.有天赋的，有天才的disagreementn.分歧，争论，意见不一beforelong不久，很快 mailboxn.邮箱 algebran.代数