新译林四年级英语语法

知识点一：Be动词

Be 动词的用法：

(1)Be动词包括：am ,is , are

口诀：I用am, you用are, 复数全用are,is 用在其它。(2)肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London.

He is(not) a teacher.

She is(not) in the dining room.

My hair is(not) long.

Her eyes are(not) small.

(3)一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

练习：用恰当的be动词填空

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

2. The girl______ Jack's sister.

3. The dog _______ tall and fat.

4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5. ______ your brother in the classroom?

6. Where _____ your mother? She

______ at home.

7. How _______ your father?

8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

9. Whose dress ______ this?

10. Whose socks ______ they?

11. That ______ my red skirt.

12. Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.

14. Here ______ a scarf for you.

15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.

16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.

20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.

21. My sister's name ______Nancy.

22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.

23. ______ David and Helen from England?

24. There ______ a girl in the room.

25. There ______ some apples on the tree.

26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?

27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

28. There _______ some bread on the plate.

29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

30. You, he and I ______ from China.

知识点二：介词

一：介词at，in与on在时间方面的用法

二：介词in，on和at在地点方面的用法

1)in表示地点，意为“在…内”，用于内部。

如：There isn’t a cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一片云。He put his hands in his pockets. 他把手放入口袋。

What’s in the box? 盒子里有什么？

2)on意为“在…上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。

如：What’s on the table? 桌子上有什么？

There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。

3)表示“在某地”时，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。

如：at home在家 at the bus stop在汽车站 in China在中国 in the world在世界上

三：介词with, by, in的用法及区别

with, by, in表示工具、手段和材料时

with多指用工具，用身体的某一部位或器官；

by表示使用的方法、手段；

in指使用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。

如：You can see it with your own eyes. 你可以亲自去看看。

Why don’t we go there by car instead? 我们为什么不坐小汽车去呢？

She can speak it in English. 她能用英语说。

四：其他介词

about

①表示大约时间： I's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。

②表示地点；在……周围：Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。

③关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。

after

①在……之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。

②在……后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。

behind

①在……之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车

②比……晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了

by

①在……旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。

②到……时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。

③以……方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。

④用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句

for

①为，给，替： I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。

②由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。

③表示给（某人）用的： There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。

near

靠近，在……附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。

of

①的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。

②……的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

③表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京

④想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。

⑤用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然

because of 因为，由于

to

①到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。

②表示时间、数量，

到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.

③向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。

under

What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？

练习：选择正确的介词填空

1. My family often buy clothes _____ HuaXing store _____ weekends.

2. Can you help the children _____ English? You may come _____ our club.

3. I’m looking _____ some presents. These shops may have many kinds _____ things _____ sale. Save your money till then!

4. How many cities are there ______ Greece? --I don’t know.

5. Look, the birds are _____ the tree!

6. When is her birthday? I can’t remember…It’s _____ January.

7. Mr. Green always goes to work ______ bus. He has to get up _____ 6 o’clock

_____ the morning.

8. Come on! I’m hungry. What do we have _____ dinner?

9. Don’t eat and read _____ night. That is bad _____ your health.

10. Come and see ____ yourself ____ Wendy’s store!

11. We live _____ London. How about you? Where do you come _____?

12. _____ Sunday morning, I usually sleep late _____ home.

13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sitting _________ Sam.

14. Here is a photo ________ your family.

15. There aren’t many people ______ the train ________ five o’clock ______ the morning.

知识点三：人称代词和物主代词

一、人称代词

二、物主代词

练习：

（1）按要求写出下列代词的形式

1、I（宾格）________

2、he（形容词性物主代词）________

3、 us（主格）________

4、they（宾格）________

5、she（宾格）________

6、you（名词性物主代词）________

7、it（宾格）________

8、him（复数）________

9、her（形容词性物主代词）________

10、my（复数）________

11、they（名词性物主代词）________

12、we（单数）________

（2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。

1. This is（my / I）mother.

2. Nice to meet （your / you）.

3.（He / His）name is Mark.

4. What’s（she / her）name?

5. Excuse（me / my / I）.

6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?

7.（I/ My）am Ben.

8.（She / Her）is my sister.

9. Fine , thank（your / you）.

10. How old is （he / his）.（3）用所给代词的正确形式填空。

1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.

2. That is _______( she ) sister.

3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.

4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.

6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.

7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?

8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).

10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.

知识点五：特殊疑问词

一、基本概念

通常以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what 、who 、whose 、which、 when 、where how、 why等。

1．问“谁”用who；

2．问“谁的”，用whose；

3．问“地点哪里”，用where；

4．问“原因”，用why；

5．问“身体状况”，用how；

6．问“方式”，用how；

7．问“年龄”，用how old；

8．问“多少”，可数用how many；不可数用how much;

9．问"价钱”用how much；

10．问“哪一个”，用which ；

11．问“什么”，用what；

12．问“颜色”，用what colour；

13．问“星期”，用what day；

16．问“什么时候”，用when;

17.问几点用What’s the time?或 What time is it?

对划线部分提问题型

特殊疑问词的确定要根据划线内容确定,在小学阶段常出现的有以下几种：

1.划线部分是“事或物”，特殊疑问词用what

Eg: This is a bag. ---What is this?

We often play football on Sundays . ---What do you often do on Sundays ?

2、划线部分是“人”，特殊疑问词用who

Eg:She is my sister. ---Who is she ?

3、划线部分是“地点”，特殊疑问词用where

Eg:The apple is on the desk.---Where is the apple ?

4、划线部分是“时间”，特殊疑问词用what time或when

Eg:It's six thirty . ---What time is it ?

I usually get up at six forty . --- When do you usually get up?

5、划线部分是“年龄”，特殊疑问词用how old

Eg:I am twelve . ---How old are you?

My mother is thirty- two . ---How old is your mother ?

6、划线部分是“职业”，特殊疑问词用what

Eg:Tom is a worker. ---What is Tom?/What do you do ?

7、划线部分是“颜色”，特殊疑问词用what colour

Eg:My hat is blue . ---What colour is your hat？

8划线部分是“数量”，特殊疑问词用how many或how much

Eg:I can see five birds in the tree.---How many birds can you see ?

There is some tea in the cup. ---How much tea is there in the cup ?

9、划线部分是“多少钱”，特殊疑问词用how much

Eg:This book is ten yuan . ---How much is this book ?

10、划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”，特殊疑问词用whose Eg:That is my shirt . ---Whose shirt is that ?

练习：

一、认一认，记一记，写出下列特殊疑问词的中文意思。

why________ which________ when _________ who_________

what__________ where__________ how many__________ how much________ 二：填入正确的特殊疑问词

1、A: _______ is the boy in blue? B: He’s Mike.

2、A: _______ wallet is it? B: It’s mine.

3、A: _______ is the diary? B: It’s under the chair.

4、A: _______ is the Christmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December.

5、A: _______ are the earphones? B: They are 25 Yuan.

6、A: _______ is the hairdryer? B: It’s blue.

7、A: _______ is it today? B: It’s Sunday.

8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.

9、A: _______ this red one? B: It’s beautiful.

10、A: _______ is it from here? B: It’s about two kilometer away.

11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B:_______ ? A: I want to make a kite.

12、A:_______ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? B: The blue one.

13、A:_______ is your cousin? B: He’s 15 years old.

14、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock.

知识点六：祈使句

祈使句王国卫队

Hello, boys and girls! 英语祈使句王国的职责是用来表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等。这

个王国的特点是通常没有主语，多以动词原形开始。下面，看看王国中六兄弟的表演吧！大哥V

I. 大哥V

[档案] V(代表行为动词原形)+宾语+其它成分

[表演] ①Close the window. 关上窗户。

②Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼吧。

II. 二哥B

[档案] Be+表语(名词/形容词等)+其它成分

[表演]①Be a good student!做个好学生！

②Be quiet!安静！

III. 三哥L

[档案] Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分

[表演] ①Let's go home!咱们回家吧！

② Let her in. 让她进来。

IV. 四哥D

[档案] Don't+动词原形+其它成分

[表演] ① Don't be late. 不要迟到。

② Don't read in the sun.别在阳光下看书。

V. 五哥P

[档案] Please+动词短语(please也可放在句尾，其前加逗号)

[表演]Please sit down.=Sit down, please.请坐。

VI. 六弟N

[档案] No+名词或动名词(是日常生活中常见的警示语)

[表演] ① No photos!禁止拍照！

② No smoking！禁止吸烟!

练习：

1、You can watch TV.

2、You can water the flowers.

3、You can clean the room, Mike.

4、You can turn on the light, John.

5、You can sweep the floor, Amy.

6、You can’t set the table.

7、You can’t make the bed.

8、You can’t clean the bedroom, Mike.

9、You can’t play computer games, Sarah .

10、You can’t answer the phone, Zhang Peng.

苏教版五年级(上)英语语法

一．语法点（理解） 1.There be句型表示“某处有某物” （1）其中there is 用于单数名词或不可数名词，如： There is a pencil case in the school bag. There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate. （2）There are用于可数名词的复数，如：There are some desks in the classroom. （3）There be 句型的就近原则：be 动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.如：There are some pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures. 2.There be 句型的否定形式：在be动词的后面加not（is not可以缩写为isn't，are not可以缩写为aren't）把some 改成any。 例：There is a pencil in the pencil-box.（改为否定句）There isn't a pencil in the pencil-box. There are some crayons on the desk.（改为否定句）There aren't any crayons on the desk. 3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，也用“some”. 例：1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句) 2.There aren't any birds in the tree.(否定句) 3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句 ) 4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求) 4.can在否定句中的用法：表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面加否定词not, 后面加动词原形。Bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge. 5. 感叹句的结构：感叹句常用how或what来引导 （1）what引导的感叹句 a.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数！What a beautiful house! b.What+形容词+可数名词复数！What nice dresses! c. What+形容词+不可数名词！What delicious milk! （2）how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词！How nice! 二．四、语法点（理解） 1.How many...(可数名词复数) are there...? 用于询问某处有多少... 例： How many classrooms are there in our school? 2.There be 的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面，表示“有......?” （1）Is there...? Yes, there is ./ No, there isn’t . 例：Is there a music room ? （2）Are there any...? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t. 例：Are there any books? 3.几个缩写isn’t = is not aren’t= are not it’s = it is they’re= they are 4.序数词 one ----- first two --- second three---- third four---fourth five---fifth six---sixth 5.在楼层前用介词on , on the first /second/ third floor 在一/二/三楼... 三、语法have / has 的用法 1、表示某人有某物。 2、主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用have, 如I，you, we, they, the students … 主语是第三人称单数时用has, 如he, she, it, Helen, the bird, my father … 3、肯定句：…have / has … We have a PE lesson on Monday morning. / It has a long tail. 否定句：…don’t / doesn’t +have … They don’t have animal friends. / She doesn’t have a dog. 一般疑问句：Do / Does …have …Yes, …do / does. No, …don’t / don’t. Do you have a f ootball? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he have a toy car? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

2014八年级英语下册期末语法练习题(新译林版有答案)

2014八年级英语下册期末语法练习题（新译林版有答案）pulsoryeducation(义务教育) Andy:HaveyoureadthereportaboutagirlcalledXiaofangintoday’snewspaper? Wendy:Yes.(1)(sensible,her,work)tosupportherfamily. Andy:Butdoyouthink(2)(sad,agirl,leaveschool)becauseofpoverty? Wendy:Yes.(3)(necessary,everychild,receive)compulsoryeducation. Andy:Ofcourse.(4)(important,Xiaofang,continueherschooling).Ifshedoesn’t getenougheducation,(5)(impossible,her,have)agoodfuture. Wendy:Yes.Sheneedshelp.Buthowcanwehelpher? Andy:ThechairpersonofSunshineForAllsaystheywillhaveashowtoraisemone yforgirlslikeXiaofang.Andtheyhavesetupafund(基金). Wendy:Afund?(6)(wise,him,thinkof)thisidea. Andy:Soheis.Ihearthatthefundhasreceivedover20,000donationsfromteach ersalready.(7)(kind,ourteachers,donatemoney). Wendy:Soundsgreat.AndwillXiaofangshowupattheshow? Andy:Yes.Shewill. Ⅲ.阅读下面的短文，用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。SunshineForAllisacharityinourschool.Thecharity(1)(lead)bytheStudents’Uni on(学生会).Everyyear,abouttenactivities(2)(organize)bySunshineForAll,includingabi gshow.Ithasdonealotforneedypeoplesinceit(3)(set)uptenyearsago,onJune1,

(完整)苏教版小学五年级英语下册语法讲解和练习题

一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese. 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 三、现在进行时 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 四、Be动词，请记住以下口诀： 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 五、There be 句型 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。

译林版八年级英语下册Unit2 知识点归纳整理

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2、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。 3、指示代词 4、冠词 有a、an、the。 a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。

二、否定句： be动词（am、is、are）+not、 情态动词can+ not、 助动词（do、does） + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 （2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does， （3）在助动词后加not。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 三、一般疑问句。 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 I do like you.

（2）确定助动词用do还是does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does He does like you. （3）把助动词后提到句首。 Does he like you? （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 四、特殊疑问句。 表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词： 五、时态 1、一般现在时：表示某动作或者某状态是经常发生的事情,或者是自然规律。 ?主语+be动词（am, is , are)

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