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精读5答案
精读5答案

Lesson one

I.Paraphrase

1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries

that they are nobody is not easy.

—For many centuries, Negro Americans as a group have been told that they are inferior and of no importance; it is therefore no easy job to help them build up the confidence

that they, as human beings, are never inferior to any other people.

2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against

the long night of physical slavery.

—Freedom of the mind, or a strong sense of self-respect, is the most powerful weapon for black people to use in the long and hard struggle against racial discrimination.

3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being

and signs with the pen and ink of manhood his own emancipation proclamation.

—Negroes cannot achieve their ultimate freedom until they have come to recognize their own identity and importance as human beings and shake off the manacles of

self-abnegation with the conviction that they are not inferior to anyone else.

4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is

power correcting everything that stands against love.

—Power in its best form means meeting the demands of justice using love, and justice in its best form, in turn, means exercising power to overcome everything that stands in

the way of love.

5.At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and

talents.

—In those days, the way to judge an individual’s ability and talents was to see how wealthy he was / In those days, an individual’s ability and talents were judged by how

much money he could make.

6.…the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fibre.

—…if a person was poor, this would show that he was lazy and not hard-working enough and that he lacked a sense of right and wrong.

7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by

animal necessity.

—This is unlike the work done by slaves, either because the work has to be done, or because they are forced to do it by the taskmaster, or because they need to do it for a

living.

8.…when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.

—…when the unjust / unfair practice of judging human value by how much money a person has got is done away with. / …when people no longer judge human value

unfairly by the amount of money a person has got.

9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to

the meaning of ultimate reality.

—Those who bear hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love for others can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.

10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds

and an anemia of deeds.

—We shall not be satisfied until America will no longer merely talk about eliminating racial inequality and discrimination but refuse to take any concrete action to end such

evil practice.

II.Sentence Translation

1. A white lie is better than a black lie.

一个善意的谎言总比一个用心险恶的谎言要好。

2.To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own

Olympian manhood.

为了挫败这种文化谋杀现象, 黑人必须奋起申明自己高贵的人格。

3.…with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the Negro must boldly throw off the

manacles of self-abnegation.

黑人们必须以努力争取真正的自尊的精神, 勇敢地挣脱自我克制的枷锁。

4.What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love

without power is sentimental and anemic.

我们必须懂得, 没有爱的权力是轻率的、容易被滥用的, 而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感的, 苍白无力的。

5.It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes

the major crisis of our times.

正是这种不道德的权力与毫无权力的道德之间的冲突构成了我们这个时代的主要危机。

6.Now early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and

denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.

在本世纪初, 这样一种提议会因为有损于主动性和责任心而受到人们的嘲笑和谴责。

7.The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which

extends knowledge and increases power and enriches literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living.

事实上, 人们所从事的那些改善人类处境的工作, 那些传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作, 并不是出于生计/ 为了谋生。

8.…it can spend billions of dollars to put God’s children on their own two feet right here on

earth.

……它能够花费几十亿美元让上帝的孩子们自立于这个世界。

9.Furthermore, few if any violent revolutions have been successful unless the violent

minority had the sympathy and support of nonresistant majority.

此外, 除非主张暴力的少数人能得到不进行对抗的大多数人的同情和支持, 否则暴力革命, 即使能成功, 也是极少的。

10.Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.

让我们铭记, 道德的苍穹是漫长的, 但它却终将落向正义。

Lesson two

I.Paraphrase

1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.

I imagined / visualized myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type

would best suit me / would be most suitable for me.

2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.

Some new thoughts occurred to me / came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient / defiant, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “I won’t …” to my mother.

3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.

The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.

4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as

if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.

While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother / I was finally able to reveal this awful part of me to my mother.

5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.

And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.

6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.

When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.

II.Translation

1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.

我的头发没做出那种蓬松的大卷发, 却被弄成满头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

2.She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me

the answer.

在告诉我正确答案前, 她先核对了一下, 看看“赫尔辛基”是否可以那么发音。

3.She seemed entranced by the music, a little frenzied piano piece with this mesmerizing quality,

sort of quick passages and then teasing lilting ones before it returned to the quick playful parts.

她好像被这音乐给迷住了。这是一首有点狂乱的钢琴曲, 有些迷人, 先是几段快节奏, 接着是几个逗人的欢快跳跃的节拍, 然后又回到最初那嬉戏的部分。

4.If she had as much talent as she had temper, she would be famous now.

要是她有和她脾气一样大的才能, 那她现在就已经成名了。

5.The part I liked to play best was the fancy curtsy: right foot out, touch the rose on the carpet

with a pointed foot, sweep to the side, left leg bends, look up and smile.

我最爱扮演的角色就是(谢幕时)行花哨的屈膝礼的动作: 先伸出右脚, 用脚尖点在地毯上的玫瑰图案上, 再滑向左侧, 同时左腿弯曲, 抬头微笑。

6. A chill started at the top of my head and began to trickle down. Yet I couldn’t stop playing, as

though my hands were bewitched. I kept thinking my fingers would adjust themselves back, like a train switching to the right track.

一股寒气从我头顶开始往下蔓延到全身。然而我却停不下来, 好像双手被施了魔法一样。

我一直在想我的手指会恢复正常, 就像(走错道的)火车被扳回到正确的轨道上来那样。7.…and her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out of the

room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.

……然后她变得面色漠然, 嘴巴紧闭, 双臂无力地垂着, 她退出了房间, 目瞪口呆, 像是一小片枯黄的树叶在被风吹走, 那么单薄、脆弱、毫无生气。

8.And for the first time, or so it seemed, I noticed the piece on the right-hand side. It was called

“Perfectly Contented”. I tried to play this one as well. It had a lighter melody but the same flowing rhythm and turned out to be quite easy. “Pleading Child”was shorter but slower;

“Perfectly Contented”was longer, but faster. And after I played them both a few times, I realized they were two halves of the same song.

我这是第一次, 或好像感觉到是第一次, 注意到右边的那首曲子, 曲名是“心满意足”。我把这曲子也试着弹了一下, 曲调(比前一首)轻快些, 但节奏一样流畅, 弹起来并不难。“乞求的孩子”较短, 也较慢些, “心满意足”则长些, 快些。我把两首曲子都弹了几遍后, 这时我才意识到, 这两支曲子原来是同一首歌的两个组成部分。

Lesson three

Paraphrase

1.Yet globalization…“is a reality, not a choice”. (Para. 2)

—However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”

2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. (Para. 5)

—Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”

3.…where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand. (Para. 5)

—...where the two trends —the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy — have often contended with each other for dominance.

4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers hat

work. (Para. 6)

—Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.

5.Westernization…is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very

strange bedfellows. (Para. 7)

—Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.

6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye. (Para. 10)

—You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and able to make judgments about it.

7.He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. (Para. 19)

—He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.

8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000. (Para. 22)

—In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.

9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the

wilds of global culture. (Para. 29)

—Early before that / From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.

10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal. (Para. 39)

—The way of expressing / showing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.

I.Translation

1.Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and

dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”.

—今天我们正经历着一种世界范围的文化巨变的阵痛, 一种习俗与追求的结构性的变化; 这种变化, 用社会学家们的奇特词汇来称呼, 就叫做“全球化”。

2.Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western —often

equated with American —influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld”.

—不管其背景或纲领如何, 这些对全球化持批评态度的人都相信, 西方的影响—经常等同于美国的影响—会使所有不同的文化都丧失其独特性, 从而产生出一种就

像一位观察家所说的“麦当劳世界”。

3.But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people

who compose them.

—而我同时也发现, 文化, 就像创造文化的民族一样, 善于随机应变/ 具有应变能力, 富有弹性, 而且不可预测。

4.It’s really hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to come up with new stuff is to mix

things that already exist.

—如今想要创新极为困难, 因此最容易的办法就是把现存的东西糅合在一起, 弄出个新玩意来。

5.The Cosmopolitan, plunging necklines and all, is read by 260,000 Chinese women every

month. (Para. 20)

—每个月, 有26万中国女性在阅读(美国的)《时尚》杂志, 里面有那些开领低胸服装的画页和其他内容。

6.The lights went out, and for a moment the only sound in the darkness was the whirring of an

expensive camera on auto-rewind. (Para. 27)

—灯光熄灭了, 有那么一阵子, 黑暗中所能听到的只有一部昂贵的相机自动倒片时发出的声音。

7.They received a lot from local cultures, but they also kept their own identity. (Para. 38)

—他们从当地的文化中汲取了很多东西, 但也保留了他们自己的本色。

8.Linking is humanity’s natural impulse, its common destiny. (Para. 40)

—相互联系是人类自然的欲望, 是人类共同的命运。

9.They are the powerful cords of the heart. (Para. 40)

—这些联系是连接人们心灵的强有力的纽带。

Lesson four

Paraphrase

1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer.

(Para. 1)

—Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.

2.She would have plucked the heart out of my writing. (Para. 3)

—Those conventional attitudes and beliefs (represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence / soul of my writing.

3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took

up the inkpot and flung it at her. (Para. 3)

—Thus, whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes (about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.

4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they

realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.

(Para. 5)

—This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn, or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.

5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without

finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against. (Para. 6)

—No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.

6.Even when the path is nominally open —when there is nothing to prevent a woman from

being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant — there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way. (Para. 7)

—Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.

7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (Para. 7)

—(By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts,) you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.

I.Translation

1.It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews. (Para. 3)

—正是她, 当我写书评时, 总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。

2.I now record the one act for which I take some credit for myself, though the credit rightly

belongs to some excellent ancestors of mine who left me a certain sum of money — shall we say five hundred pounds a year —so that it was not necessary for me to depend solely on charm for my living. (Para. 3)

—于是我要说说我所做的多少要归功于自己的一件事, 尽管准确地说这功劳应属于我那些了不起的祖先, 是他们给我留下了一笔钱/ 财富—比如说每年五百英镑—于是我就没必要完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

3.I do not believe that anybody can know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and

professions open to human skill. (Para. 4)

—我认为, 女性只有在人类知识所涉及的全部文艺艺术和专业领域里得以表达自己的思想和情感后, 才会懂得什么是妇女。

4.He wants to see the same faces, to read the same books, to do the same things day after day,

month after month, while he is writing, so that nothing may break the illusion in which he is living — so that nothing may disturb or disquiet the mysterious nosings about, feelings around, darts, dashes and sudden discoveries of that very shy and allusive spirit, the imagination. (Para.

5)

—他希望在他写作时, 日复一日、月复一月, 所见到的人, 读的书, 做的事都是相同的, 这样任何事物都不会打断他的幻想, 任何事物都不会扰乱他那神秘的四处探求以及

对那令人难以捉摸的东西即想象力的突然发现。

5.Be that as it may, I want you to imagine me writing a novel in a state of trance. (Para. 5)

—尽管如此, 我请你们想象我在迷睡般的状态中写小说。

6.The consciousness of what men will say of a woman who speaks the truth about her passions

had roused her from her artist’s state of unconsciousness. (Para. 5)

—当她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢于讲出有关自己激情真话的女人, 这就使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒过来。

7.Inwardly, I think the case is very different; she has still many ghosts to fight, many prejudices

to overcome. (Para. 6)

—在内心深处, 我认为, 情况则完全不同: 女性们仍要和许多鬼怪作斗争, 仍有很多偏见需要去战胜。

8.To discuss and define them is I think of great value and importance; for thus only can the

labour be shared, the difficulties be solved. (Para. 7)

—我认为, 讨论和界定这些障碍是很有价值的, 非常重要的, 因为只有这样做, 我们才能共同努力, 克服困难。

4.Those aims cannot be taken for granted; they must be perpetually questioned and examined.

(Para. 7)

—那些目标是什么, 对此我们不可以想当然, 而是要不断地对其进行质疑和审视。

Lesson five

Paraphrase

1.Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. (Para. 5)

—Engaging in activities or interests that are popular for a short time, I suppose, shows a complete lack of sensible judgment.

2.One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face

that I immediately diagnosed appendicitis. (Para. 6)

—One afternoon I saw Petey lying on his bed looking very much miserable and depressed, and I at once discovered that he was suffering from appendicitis.

3.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 20)

—My brain, which was extremely accurate and precise, quickly started working at high speed.

—My brain, which was like a precision instrument, quickly started working at high speed.

4.She was, to be sure, a girl who excited emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason. (Para. 23)

—Of course, she was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I certainly would never have my senses dominated by my feelings or emotions. I wanted to have Polly as my wife for a cleverly considered, thoroughly unemotional reason.

5.She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack. (Para.

25)

—She was not yet fully developed like those attractive pin-up girls, but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become just as glamorous.

—She was not yet fully developed like those attractive girls who appear on posters, but I felt sure that, in due time, she would grow to become just as attractive.

6.(Intelligent she was not.) In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. (Para. 27)

—Actually, she went in the opposite direction — she was rather stupid.

7.If you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 34)

—If you’re no longer involved in this case / no longer having a romantic relationship with her, others would be free to compete for her friendship / love.

8.Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. (Para. 50)

—Back and forth he kept turning his head round, and each time he did so, his desire (for the coat) grew stronger and his resolution (not to give away Polly) became weaker.

9.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to

Petey. (Para. 61)

—The task of teaching Polly to think appeared to be so difficult and demanding that I, for a while, even thought of giving the girl back to Petey.

10.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 115)

—There is a limit to what any human being can endure.

—This is indeed too much for any human being to bear.

I.Translation

1.Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,

unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children. (Para. 1) —查尔斯·兰姆这样快乐的、富有创新精神的人实不多见, 他所写的《古瓷》和《睡梦中的孩子》这两篇令人难忘的文章解放了小品文的写作。.

2.Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a

dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Para.

3)

—那么, 就读读下面这篇文章吧。它会向我们证明逻辑完全不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的学科, 恰恰相反, 逻辑是个活生生的事物, 充满了美和激情, 也饱含心灵的创伤。

3.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a

scalpel. (Para. 4)

—我的头脑象发电机一样发达, 象化学家的天平一样精确, 象(外科医生的)手术刀一样锐利。

4.She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of

breeding. (Para. 26)

—她亭亭玉立, 姿态举止优雅, 这一切都表明她有着极好的教养。

5.I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object…. (Para. 41)

—我猛地打开手提箱, 那件肥大、毛茸茸、散发着猎物怪味的东西露了出来。6.…you would go far to find another so agre eable. (Para. 63)

—…像(波莉)这样令人愉快、遇事好商量的人真的是难得一遇。.

7.Still, I am nothing if not persistent. (Para. 79)

—可是, 我无论如何得坚持下去。

8.I frowned, but plunged ahead. (Para. 88)

—我皱了皱眉头, 但还是毅然地继续下去。

9.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (Para. 98)

—或许在她那犹如死火山般的头脑里的什么地方, 还有些余烬在缓慢地燃烧。

10.There, I thought, folding my arms, that ought to do it. (Para. 136)

—于是, 我叉起双臂, 心想, 这下总该起作用了吧。.

Homonymy refers to those pairs or groups of words, which , though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelt alike or both .

42. hyponymy

Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter (i.e. is a hyponym of the latter),(e.g. a cat is a hyponym of animal, flute is a hyponym of musical instrument, chair is the hyponym of furniture )

43.Synonymy

Synonymy can be defined as " a word having the same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning and differing only in connotation, application, or idiomatic use: one of two or more words having essential identical definition"

44.Antonymy

Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning and may be classified on the basis of semantic contrast or morphological structure.

45.semantic field

The vocabulary of a given language is not simply a listing of independent items, but is organized into areas, or fields, within which words interrelate and define each other in various ways.

VI. Answer the following question: (10’)

46. In terms of the distinction between complementaries and contraries, why can't we say " This

woman is neither alive nor dead," but we can say "This women is neither rich nor poor." ?

In complementaries, it is absolute, the denial of one means the assertion of another whereas in contraries, it is gradable and relative, there can be intermediate terms between them, the denial of one does not necessarily mean the assertion of another

47. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.

1) A term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of

different meanings."

2) It can be dealt with from two angles:diachronic (primary meaning) approach and

synchronic (central meaning)approach.

3)Radiation and concatenation are the two important processes in the

development of word meaning .

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