2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第21-30课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记
（考过的大题已标出）
目录
21.AND ALL THAT JAZZ关乎爵士乐(2016版新增) (2)
22 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES 日耳曼语系（2010版） (6)
23 HOW AMERICANS EAT AND DRINK 美国人的饮食（2007版） (10)
24 THE DELIGHTS OF SOUTH ISLAND 南岛之乐（2010版） (13)
25 HINTS TO IMPROVE SPOKEN ENGLISH 提高英语口语须知（2007版） (17)
26 THE MAGIC OF ENERGY 能的魔力（2007版） (21)
27. WHEN YOU TRAVEL TO A LARGE CITY旅行在都市（2016版新增） (25)
28 THAT "OTHER WOMAN" IN MY LIFE 我生命中的“另一个女人”（2007版） (29)
29 GEOGRAPHY OF USA 美国地理概况（2007版） (32)
30 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA (EXCERPT) 老人与海(节选)(2010版) (37)
温馨小语：
每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。过段时间，再来温习下吧。
21.And All That Jazz关乎爵士乐(2016版新增)
1.Have you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, —and all that Jazz”？When people say that to day, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera （等等）or “and so forth（等等）.” You may use it yourself. Jazz, it seems, has had quite a few（相当多）meanings. Through the history （历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.
1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。你自己可能就用过这个词。爵士乐似乎有多种含义，纵览其发展史，对不同人群来说爵士乐意味着不同的音乐形式。
2.It’s interesting to know that jazz was first spelled a different way —jass. At that time, it referred to（被提及）the old New Orleans style of music. This music came from the Negro（黑人的）religious（宗教）songs and songs of celebration（庆典）. One major part of the music was its beat【节奏】, of course. Another, and sometimes more important
（谈话）. You can’t always tell what’s coming next during a talk with some friends. The New Orleans musicians were like that. They took a tune(曲调) and played what came into their minds, just as you say what comes into your mind in a conversation（谈话、对话）.
2. 有趣的是，爵士乐（jazz)最初拼写为——jass,它是一种古老的新奥尔良风格的音乐，发源于黑人的宗教和庆典音乐。其主要特征当然是它独特的节奏，而另一个特征也许更为重要，那就是像谈话一样的演奏方式。和朋友聊天时，你不可能总是去想下一个话题是什么。新奥尔良的音乐人们就是这样演奏的——先定个调，然后演奏出心中涌出音符，就像聊天时随口说出那些涌入脑中的话。
3.These early musical groups（乐队）were very small in comparison to（与…相比较）the big bands （大乐队）that formed later. At times【有时】two rival【竞争的】groups of musicians would stage a “cutting session.” It was a sort of musical fight. Whichever group could outlast the other was the winner. If they both lasted as well, the better group would probably be chosen by the audience（观众、听众）. Of course, the battle（比赛、战斗）had advertising value too.
3.较之后来的乐队，早期的音乐组合规模比较小。有时两个互相较量的乐队会登台进行一场“淘汰赛”，就像音乐擂台，能够唱到最后的乐队就是胜者。如果不分胜负，就会由观众选出表现更好的乐队。当然，这种擂台赛也非常具有广告价值。
4.This music later became known as（以…而闻名）Dixieland , a term you have probably heard before. There are different styles of Dixieland. We have mentioned（提到）the New Orleans style, which was popular at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. As the fame【名声，名望】of the music spread（传播、扩大）up the Mississippi River, a style called the Chicago style developed. Later, we hear of the New York style. If you get a chance to listen to these types of music carefully, you can hear the difference.
4.后来这种音乐被称作“迪克西兰爵士乐（Dixieland)”，这是人们所熟知的。当然，迪克西兰爵士还有许多不同的风格。上面提到的新奥尔良风格在十九世纪末和二十世纪初非常流行。当这种音乐风格蜚声密西西比河流域时，另一种芝加哥风格的爵士乐悄然出现了，后来还有了我们所熟知的纽约风格。当你静听这些爵士乐时，一定能品味出它们之间的不同。
5.the early days of jazz, but just what is it? Generally, it consists of（包括）the beat we mentioned before. It should have some “make it up as you go along” music, too. This is the reason for many arguments（争论）among jazz lovers. When Swing（摇摆乐）came along near the 1930s, we saw big bands playing music that had already（事先）been written out（写出）for them. Some argued that this was not really （不完全是）jazz. At any rate, the King of Swing, Benny Goodman, certainly pleased many people with his big band. His jazz (or Swing) really hit the big time（巨大成功）in 1938. In January of that year, his orchestra（管弦乐队）played a jazz concert in New York’s Carnegie Hall（卡内基音乐厅）. The concert hall usually booked operas（歌剧）and symphonies （交响乐）. On that evening, it was treated to the blare【嘟嘟声】of trumpets（小号）and the crashing【最好的，非凡的】, jumping music of the Goodman orchestra. Luckily, the concert was recorded; so it can still be heard.
5.以上我们谈到了爵士乐的早期发展，但它到底是什么？一般来说，爵士乐应该包含上文提到过的独特节奏，还有那种“一边演奏一边即兴发挥” 的演奏形式。但这也造成了爵士乐迷之间的很多争论。当摇摆乐（Swing)在二十世纪三十年代出现时，许多大型乐队演奏的音乐是事先创作好的，因此有人质疑它不是真正的爵士。但不论怎样，班尼?古德曼（BennyGoodman) 的确用他的大型爵士乐队让众多观众获得愉悦的感受，他的爵士（或摇摆乐）在1938年取得了巨大成功。那年的1月，他的管弦乐队在纽约的卡耐基音乐厅举行了一场爵士音乐会；通常这座音乐厅只举办歌剧和交响乐音乐会，而那天晚上，整个音乐厅流淌出小号的嘟嘟声以及古德曼乐队演奏出的强烈而具跳跃性的音乐。幸运的是，这场音乐会被录了音，直到现在我们仍然能幸运地欣赏到它。
6.From the Goodman orchestra came many great musicians, some of whom formed their own orchestras. Perhaps two of the best known （最著名的）are Harry James and Gene Krupa. Goodman himself played at the Worlds Fair in Brussels, Belgium, and along with James and Krupa achieved（获得）life-long fame.
6.从古德曼乐团走出了许多伟大的音乐人，其中一些还组织了自己的乐团。他们之中最著名的是哈里?詹姆斯和吉恩?克鲁帕二位。古德曼本人曾在比利时布鲁塞尔的世界博览会上演奏，与詹
姆士和克鲁帕一样获得终身的盛誉。
7.Now we come to the 1940s，when a music called “BeBop ” was invented. It didn't last too long, but it was fun. This was very strange music, unlike much of what had gone before it. Many of these musicians did not like Swing or Dixieland; so they thought that they had to do things in a completely（完全地）different way. Sometimes the music they played did not really sound like music at all, but at least they were being “different.”
7.现在，让我们来到二十世纪四十年代。此时一种叫“比波普（BeBop)” 的爵士乐出现了，尽管它流行的时间不长，但却非常有趣。它曲风独特，与以前的大不相同。这种类型的音乐人不喜欢摇摆乐或迪克西兰风格，因此他们决心创造一种完全不同的音乐。有时他们演奏的甚至不能称之为音乐，但至少他们做到了与众不同。
8.From all these kinds of music, we come to the present. Today we still have Dixieland, and a type of big-band Swing, although that term is not used so much. We have the small groups of jazzmen with us, too. They play the modem jazz that grew from the music of the early 1940s and 1950s. There are many different styles and individuals（个人）playing this kind of jazz today.
8.经历种种不同的音乐形式，我们来到现代。尽管这些名词已经淡出人们视线，但今天我们仍然听迪克西兰和大乐队演奏的摇摆乐，在我们身边仍有许许多多的小型爵士乐队。他们演奏的现代爵士发源于二十世纪四十年代早期和五十年代的音乐，它形式多样，直到今天仍然有人在演奏。
9.Jazz is an American art form. It is considered（被认为是）art by many, and it developed only in America. In the past few decades（数十年）, it has become popular all over the world. Famous jazz musicians from Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington to Chuck Mangione and Wynton Marsalis have performed all over the world, from Europe to Asia to the Middle East. Jazz has come a long way from the original New Orleans marching music.
9.爵士是一种纯美国的艺术形式。尽管被普遍认可，但它发展成熟于美国。在过去的几十年中，它在全世界流行起来，著名的爵士音乐家，从路易斯?阿姆斯特朗（Louis Armstrong)、艾灵顿公爵（Duke Ellington)到查克?曼卓林（ChuckMangione)和文顿?马沙利斯（WyntonMarsalis)等都
曾经进行全球巡演，从欧洲到亚洲，再到中东。现在的爵士乐己经得到了长足的发展，已不再是最初的新奥尔良风格的进行曲。
22 The Germanic Languages 日耳曼语系（2010版）
【2010版，2013版，2016版】
1. Most people have heard of the Tower of Babel【巴比塔，通天塔】story in the Bible 【圣经】. According to this story, long ago all people spoke the same language. Later, however, they were punished【惩罚】by speaking a great number of different tongues【语言，舌头】..Today, there are literally【逐字地，照字面地】thousands of different languages (defined【规定】as mutually unintelligible【不可能理解的】tongues) around the world, though many are related to one another. Indeed, the two largest language families, the Indo-European【印欧语系】(the language family with the largest number of speakers) and Sino-Tibetan【汉藏语系】(containing the Chinese languages, Thai【泰语】, Vietnamese【越语】, and Tibetan【西藏语】) include hundreds of languages with over half the world's population 【人口】.
1. 大多数的人都听说过圣经中巴别塔的故事。【2011年考题】故事称很久以前，人们说的是同一种语言。但是，后来人们遭受惩罚，而开始说各种不同的语言。今天，全世界真是有好几千种不同的语言（此处指的是彼此无法相通的(unintelligible)语言），虽然其中语言彼此(one another)都有所关联。的确，这两个最大的语系，印欧语系（最多人使用的语系）和汉藏语系（包括华语、泰语、越语和西藏语），涵盖了几百种不同的语言，使用者也超过了全世界半数的人口。
2. Because there are so many languages within the above two super-categories【种类，类别】of language families【语系】, linguists【语言学家】have further divided these linguistically【语言学方面】rich and geographically【地理学地】diverse【不同的，多种多样的】families into 【词组divide…into…】sub-groups【子群】, one of which, the Germanic language group, has the second-largest number of speakers (Chinese being first). Within
this group of over 500,000,000 speakers is the world's foremost【最重要的】international 【国际的】language, English, foremost in terms of its geographic【地理学的】spread【范围】and number of second-language users. German【德语】, spoken by just over 100,000,000 people, is one of the world's ten-largest languages in terms of population. As English and German speakers constitute【组成，构成】the majorities in several of the world's most economically【经济地】, militarily【军事地】, and technologically【科技地】developed countries, it is important to be familiar with【熟悉】this particular【特殊的，细节，详细说明】language grouping.
2.就因为有太多的语言涵盖于上述的两个超级语系，语言学家就进一步的把这两种语言丰富、地理涵盖范围非常广的语系(these linguistically rich and geographically diverse families)再区分为几种不同的次级语系(sub-groups)，其中的一个就是日耳曼语系(one of which, the Germanic language group)，使用这个语系的人数在所有语系中排名第二位（第一位为华语）。在这个有5亿多人口使用的语系中，包括了世界最重要的国际语言，那就是英语。英语之所以称得上是最重要的语言乃因使用的地区很广，且把英语当作第二种语言使用的人口亦很多。有1亿多人说德语，故就人口而言，德语是世界十大语言之一。由于（as）使用英语和德语的人口在几个经济、军事和科技先进的国家中(in several of the world's most economically, militarily, and technologically developed ecuntries)占绝大比例，因此熟悉(be familiar with)日耳曼语系的来龙去脉是很重要的。注释：constituent:成分，要素；constitute：组成，建立；constitution：宪法；constant：不变的
3. Linguists further divide the Germanic languages into three groups, two extant【现存的】and one extinct【灭绝的】. East Germanic languages are no longer【不再】spoken; Gothic【哥特式】is an example of this small and historic【具有历史意义的】grouping. Afrikaans【南非荷兰语】, Dutch, English, Flemish【弗兰芝语】, and German are the more important languages within the West Germanic grouping. The Scandinavian languages of Danish【丹麦语】, Icelandic【冰岛语】, Norwegian【挪威】, and Swedish【瑞典语】comprise 【构成，包含】the North Germanic grouping. Though these languages cannot be easily
understood among their different speakers, the similarities【类似，相似】in vocabulary are striking【显著的，突出的】.
3.语言学家又进一步地把日耳曼语系分成3个支系，其中两个支系至今仍然存在（extant），另１个支系，也就是东日尔曼语，因无人使用而已不复存在(extinct)。歌德语(Gothic)就属于这种使用者不多但历史悠久的语系。南非荷兰语、荷兰语、英语、佛兰芝语、及德语则属西日耳曼语的几个重要语言。丹麦语、冰岛语、挪威语及瑞典语等北欧语系则属北日耳曼语系。虽然这些不同语言使用者彼此不易沟通，不过词汇的雷同处(the similarities)却很明显(striking)。
注释：comprise:包含，构成；compress:压缩；compromise：妥协，这种；compute：计算
4. Take for example the two largest languages with this group, English and German. The word Haus in German is house in English, with nearly the same pronunciation【发音】. Some names of German family members are instantly【立即】recognizable【可认出的】to English listeners and readers: Mutter, Bruder, and Onkel for the English mother, brother, and uncle (all German nouns are capitalized in print). Other German family members are easily learned: Vater, Schwester, and Tante for the English father, sister, and aunt. Thus, those who know English and want to study German find their first year of learning vocabulary【词汇】to be relatively easy. The same is true, of course, for those who want to learn Dutch or Danish【丹麦语】from an English or German background【背景】; these many similarities are due to【由于】the single common parent language【母语】of all the Germanic tongues, even though【即使】this "grandfather" language no longer exists.
4.就拿日耳曼语系中英语及德语两大语言来说吧，德文的Haus 就是英文的house，发音几乎完全相同。一些德语家庭成员的称呼如：Mutter,Bruder 和Onkel,懂英语的人（English listeners and readers）很快地就知道这些字指的就是mother,bother 和uncle（德文的名词一律大写）。其它有关家庭成员名称的德语说法也很容易学：像Vater,Schwester 和Tante 在英文里指的就是father,sister 和aunt。因此懂英语而想学德语的人，会发现初学词汇的第一年是很容易的一件事。当然，具有英语和德语背景的人(from an English or German background)要学丹麦语和荷兰语也同样是件易事。这些相似处(these many similarities)乃因所有日耳曼语系皆源自共同的
母语(the single common parent language of all the Germanic tongues)，尽管这个“爷爷级”的语言已不复存。
5. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for【2010考题】a great deal of【大量】the world's output【产品】in everything from economics【经济】to literature 【文学】to military【军事，军人】to science and technology. Hardly an aspect【方面】of modern life does not benefit from【通过…获益】the contributions【贡献】made by those using these languages, as in the Internet, Hollywood entertainment【娱乐】, Dutch (Phillips) and Scandinavian【北欧】consumer goods design (Ericsson, maker of cellular phones【移动电话】, is a Swedish company, as are Volvo【沃尔沃，富豪】and Saab【绅宝】),and even the Nobel prizes (awarded【v.授予，n.奖金】by both Norwegian and Swedish institutes【机构】). More than one-third of the world's economic production originates in【产生，起源于】these countries, too.
注释：account for：说明，解释…的原因，占….比例；
5.全球举凡经济、文学、军事乃至科技等方面的产品(output)，有很多(a great deal of)都是使用日耳曼语系的人所生产的(account for)。现代生活几乎各方面无不受益于使用这些语言的人的贡献(the contributions made by those using these languages)，譬如互联网络，好莱坞娱乐事业，荷兰（菲利普公司）和北欧的消费品设计（生产手机的爱利信公司就是瑞典的一家公司，富豪及绅宝汽车亦是瑞典的公司），甚至诺贝尔奖（the Nobel prizes）（由挪威及瑞典学术机构颁发(awarded)）。全世界的经济生产量有超过三分之一也是源自这些国家。
6. For any speaker of a language outside the Germanic language group preparing【准备】to choose a useful second language for the future, English is probably【可能】the best bet 【最好的办法】. German, too, is very useful in the fields of medicine, economics, military, and science and technology. Being able to communicate with【与…联系，交流】others in this far-reaching【深远的】linguistic group will offer the user immeasurable【不可估量的】benefits【好处】.
6.对于那些非使用日耳曼语系的人而言，为了前途(for the future)而准备要选修第二种语言
时，英文很可能是最佳的选择。在医学、经济、军事和科技方面，德语也是一样管用。日耳曼语系影响深远(far-reaching)，若能使用这种语言与该语系的人沟通将会带来莫大的好处。
23 How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食（2007版）
1. Coca-Cola is the best-selling【最畅销的】soft【软的】(non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day, from the equator【赤道】to the Arctic【北极】. But whereas【但是，而】outside the USA Coke tends to【趋向】be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age or income【收入】can drink it without embarrassment【尴尬，难堪】on any occasion【时机，场合】【2011年考题】.
1.可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)。从赤道到北极，可口可乐每天的销售量为1.65亿瓶。在美国(inside the USA)，任何人，不论年龄大小、收入多少，都可以在任何场合(on any occasion)饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。但在美国之外（outside the USA），可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。
2. Coke is not the only "cola" drink. Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival【竞争对手】and has its devotees【热爱者】, for it is not as sweet as Coke. Cola drinks contain caffeine【咖啡因】from the kola nut【可乐果】and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating【有刺激性的】as well as refreshing【提神的，清凉的】.
注释：not as…as =not so…as 不如…；as well as：也，又；as good as:和…一样；as long as:只要；as soon as 一…就…
2.可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，因为(for)它不像可口可乐那么甜。可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的软饮料(which are stimulating as well as refreshing)。(第1,2两段讲可乐：可口可乐，百事可乐)
3. There are excellent【优秀的】wines produced in California which are praised【称赞】by European connoisseurs【鉴赏家，内行】, but some Americans prefer stronger stuff【饮
料，材料】. Well-off【富裕的】Americans consume【消耗，消费】a lot of alcohol【酒精】in the form of cocktails【鸡尾酒】-mixtures based on spirits【烈酒，精神，心灵】like whisky 【威士忌酒】, gin【杜松子酒】and vodka【伏特加酒】.
注释：prefer to do rather than do:I prefer to watch TV at home rather than go shopping.
prefer doing to doing:I prefer playing volleyball to playing football.
prefer A to B:I prefer hamburger to bread.
prefer to do sth:I prefer to read stories.
3.加利福尼亚生产的优质葡萄酒得到欧洲的行家们的赞扬，但有些美国人更喜欢烈性酒（stronger stuff）。很多美国人以喝鸡尾酒的方式消费大量酒精，这种酒是用威士忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之类的烈性酒(spirits)调制而成的。(第3段讲酒)
4. Hamburgers and hot dogs are perhaps【也许】the best known American foods. Hot dogs-sausages between bread rolls【面包卷】-can be bought in snack bars【快餐店】and from hot dog stands【摊，售货处】on street corners. And from San Francisco【旧金山】to New York, in cheap or medium-priced【中等价位】restaurants, hamburgers will be on all the menus, in company with【与…一起】steaks【牛排】, fried chicken and seafood. They come with French fries and crisp【新鲜的】green salad. In most cases it is certainly good value【价值】for money. For dessert【餐后甜点】you will be offered apple pie, cheese cake, chocolate layer cake【夹心蛋糕】, ice cream and ice cream sundaes【圣代】. No ice cream in the world is more delicious than American ice cream.
4.汉堡包和热狗也许是最著名的美国食品了。热狗-面包卷夹香肠-可以在街角（on street corners）的小吃店和热狗摊(in snack bars and from hot dog stands)上买到。从旧金山到纽约的中小饭馆，所有菜单上都有汉堡包，它与牛排、炸鸡和海味并列(in company with …)。它们与炸薯条和新鲜色拉搁在一起出售(come with …)。在多数情况下，这笔钱当然值得一花。要甜点心的话，你可以点（be offered）苹果馅饼、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夹心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇淋圣代。世界上没有哪个地方的冰激淋比美国的更好吃了。（第4段讲汉堡包、热狗和甜点）。
5. The American passion【激情】for speed has now hit the food business. Many
restaurants, in particular【特别，尤其】the great chain restaurant company, Macdonald's, specialize in【专门经营】“fast food", food which is served at the counter【柜台】ready "to go", or "to take out". The food, cooked and hot, is packed into cardboard【硬纸板】and plastic containers【容器】, and hot drinks go into plastic cups with tight-fitting lids【盖子】. There are also drive-in【免下车的】fast food restaurants, where the customer【顾客】does not even have to leave his or her car. They first stop at a board where the menu is displayed【陈列】, give an order through a microphone【麦克风】and then drive another twenty yards, where a girl hands【vt.给，传递】them the meal, ready cooked and packed. People who prefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboard or plastic containers, and the knives【刀子】, forks and spoons are plastic, too. When they have finished, customers throw everything except the tray【托盘】into a trash can【垃圾箱】.
5.美国人追求“快”的激情目前已经影响到了饮食业。许多饭馆，尤其是大型连锁饮食公司，像“麦当劳”，专门做“快餐”(specialize in fast food)，也就是在柜台随时可以买到或带走的食物。饭菜做好了，趁热就装进纸板或塑料制的容器。热饮料则装入盖子盖得很严的(with tight-fitting lids)塑料杯中。还有服务到车上的“路旁”快餐店，顾客甚至用不着离开小汽车。他们先在一块写有菜单的牌子前停车，通过麦克风订饭菜，然后再往前开20码，就有女服务员递上做好并装在盒里的饭菜。愿意在饭馆里坐在餐桌边进餐的人的饭菜也同样装在纸板或塑料制的容器中，刀、叉、汤匙也都是塑料做的。顾客吃完了，除了盘子以外，其余都扔进垃圾箱。(第5段讲快餐)
6. In most cities, large and small, you can eat Mexican【墨西哥的】or Italian【意大利的】food. And even small towns have a coffee shop serving simple meals, drinks of all kinds-and excellent, freshly-made【刚做好的】coffee. You sit at the counter, or are served at a table. Service in restaurants and coffee shops is efficient【效率高的】and friendly. Waiters and waitresses often introduce themselves. "Hi! I am Don (Debbie). What can I get you folks【各位】?" This friendliness【友好】is natural【自然的】and not entirely【全部地】influenced by the hope of a high tip. In any case【无论如何】, people usually tip 15%
of the check. One of the pleasantest things about waiters and waitresses is that they refill 【重新装满】your coffee cup several times for no extra charge【附加费】【2011年考题】!
6.在大多数城市里，无论大城市还是小城市，你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。甚至小镇上也有咖啡馆提供简单的饭菜、各种饮料和非常好的刚煮好的咖啡(excellent, freshly-made coffee)。你坐在柜台边或桌旁就行。饭店和咖啡馆的服务热情周到，效率很高。男女服务员经常自我介绍：“我是多恩(或德比)。您要点什么?(我能为您做点什么？)”这种友好毫不做作，也并不完全是想多得小费。一般，人们常另付账单金额的15％作为小费。男女服务员最讨人喜欢的一点是他们屡次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟满而不再加收钱！
7. Many American families pride themselves on【2013年考题】their cooking, and have deep freezers, where they store【储藏】food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket【超级市场】. Supermarkets are large self-service stores selling every kind of food-fresh, canned or frozen【冷冻的】. So, like the fast-food restaurants, their produce 【n.产品,v.生产】is less expensive and easier to market. There have been supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread through a large part of the world.
7.许多美国家庭以自己的烹调而自豪(pride themselves on their cooking)。他们有冷藏箱，可以把他们在花园种的或从超级市场买的食物贮藏起来。超级市场是大型自助商店(self-service stores)，出售各种食品-新鲜的、罐头装的或冰冻的。因此，像快餐馆一样，他们的商品较便宜，容易销售(easier to market)。美国从1930年代起就有超级市场了，现在超级市场已遍及(spread-spread-spread)世界的大部分地区。(there be …; there can be …; there will be …; there have been 表示“有”)
24 The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐（2010版）
【2010版，2013版，2016版】
1. One of the odder【奇怪的】coincidences【巧合】of physical【自然的】geography 【地理】is the fact that【引导同位语从句】there are two double【双的】islands, roughly
【大体上】the same size, positioned at each other's antipodes【相对极】, or farthest-distant【遥远的】point. The islands of England and Ireland【爱尔兰】in the Northern Hemisphere【半球】and the islands of North Island and South Island in the Southern Hemisphere are just such a coincidence. The first two islands comprise【构成，包含】the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (or Eire), and the second two islands comprise New Zealand. Among these four islands, there can be no doubt【无疑地】that South Island is the least polluted and most spectacularly【壮观地】scenic【景色优美的】of them all.
1.自然地理(physical geography)上较为奇特(the odder)的巧合（coincidence）之一是地球上有两组大小约略相同、位置相对(positioned at each other's antipodes)或者说相距最为遥远的双岛。北半球的英格兰和爱尔兰群岛以及南半球的北岛和南岛就是这样的一种巧合。第一组的两座岛构成(comprise)英国和爱尔兰共和国，第二组的两座岛则组成新西兰。四个岛中，南岛无疑是污染最少且风景最秀丽的。
2. There is much competition【竞争】to make such a claim. The island of England, politically【政治上】constituting【构成，组成】England, Scotland, and Wales【威尔士】of the United Kingdom, is dotted with【星罗棋布，点缀着】country villages set alongside rivers and lakes. There are not very tall but nonetheless【虽然如此】rugged【崎岖的】mountains in the north, and endless miles of rocky coastline【海岸线】that seem mystical【神秘的】. Ireland, too, is a paradise【天堂】of greenery【温室，草木】, with far fewer【少得多的】people than populous【人口稠密的】England and even more quaint【古色古香的】villages scattered【分散】among its low-lying【低地的】hills and forever green fields. North Island in New Zealand sports【v.炫耀，运动】a balmy【温和的，芳香的】climate and the beaches to make use of【利用，使用】it; one beach alone is more than 150 kilometers long, and with relatively few people on its shores, one can pretend【假装】one is at the very end of【在…尽头】the earth. Volcanoes【火山】, large lakes, and quickly flowing rivers traverse【穿过，横贯】the land. Given【prep.考虑到】the beauty of these three islands, what makes South Island so special?
注释：由…组成：【整体做主语】consist of (主动语态)，【整体做主语】be composed of (被动语态)。整体+consist of+部分，部分+constitute+整体：A year consists of 12 months,12 months constitute a year.
2.这样说(to make such a claim)势必经过一番竞争(competition)。(1)在政治版图上(politically)构成(constitute)英国的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的英格兰本岛，乡间农村(country villages)沿着河岸和湖畔星罗棋布(dot with 用…点缀于；散布)。北部的山虽不高但却崎岖不平，而绵延不绝的岩岸则展现出神秘的风情。(2)爱尔兰也是绿色天堂，人口远不及(far fewer)人烟稠密的英格兰(populous England)，却有更多古意盎然的农村散布(scatter)在低洼的山丘和常绿的田野间(scattered among its low-lying hills and forever green fields)。(3)新西兰的北岛以拥有温和的气候和可享受这宜人气候的海滩为傲(sport vt. 夸耀)；光是一个海滩(one beach alone)就超过150公里长，而岸上人口相当稀少，可以让人假装(pretend)自己是在世界的尽头(one is at the very end of the earth)。火山、大湖和湍急的河流（quickly flowing rivers）横桓全岛(traverse the land)。(4)既然这个三个岛如此美丽，南岛又有何特别之处？
3. Plenty. For those who like mountains, South Island is sure to please【使…高兴】. Mt. Cook at 3,764 meters is its highest peak【山峰】, with 16 others above 3,000 meters. Naturally, many local【当地的】and foreign mountain climbers come here for the challenge 【挑战】of these Southern Alps【阿尔比斯山】. In addition【另外】, there is an extensive 【广大的，广阔的】glacier【冰川】system, endless forests, and innumerable【无数的】lakes throughout this highland【高原的】area. Some of the world's best mountain scenery 【风景，景色】【2010年考题】is【2013年考题】available【可见的】within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.
注释：scene:某一处的自然风光；scenery：指自然风光，有多个scene构成的。sight：人文景观；view：一眼所看到的景色。
3.那可多着呢。对那些喜爱大山者来说，南岛一定能取悦他们。（be sure to do sth 一定；必定；无疑）南岛的最高峰库克山高3764米，另外还有16座超过3000米的山峰。自然而然地，许多国内外的登山家(many local and foreign mountain climbers)来到此地挑战南半球的阿尔
卑斯山脉。此外，还有一个广大的冰河系统、无止境的森林和数不尽的湖泊遍布在这个高原地带(throughout this highland area)。一些举世无双的山光水色(some of the world's best mountain scenery)可在这绵延的500公里长的南阿尔卑斯山脉之间欣赏到。(南岛的山)
4. Perhaps you prefer the sea? South Island is not only an island, but many tiny【微小的】islets 【小岛】can be found off its coastline. Great deep-sea fishing, scuba【水肺，水中呼吸器】diving, and snorkeling【浮潜】can be had, though the waters here are cooler than those of North Island. (Remember, in the Southern Hemisphere, as we go north, it gets warmer.) As fewer people live on 【住在…上，以…为生】South Island than on North Island, those who crav【渴望】e solitude【独居】and pristine【原始的】beaches will be amazed【吃惊的】at their luck here. With almost no heavy industry on South Island, the
【丰富的】, and never-ending.
4.也许你比较喜欢海？南岛并不是一座岛屿，在它的外海(off its coastline)还散布着众多的小岛屿(many tiny islets)，可以从事(have vt. 从事; have-had-had)深海钓鱼、深海潜水和浮浅--虽然这里的水温比起北岛的水温要来的低。（记住，在南半球愈往北走海水愈温暖。）由于(as)南岛的人口比北岛的少，喜爱独处和原始海滩的人在此将会对于他们有幸来到这里而感到惊异(will be amazed at their luck here)。南岛上几乎没有重工业，空气、水和土地全都未受污染(all free of pollution)。当地的海鲜因而干净、富饶而且取之不尽。(南岛的海)
5. Do healthful【有益于健康的】climates interest you? South Island is the place to be. Its temperate【温和的】climate sees little snow except in the highlands【高原】and mountainous areas. Like Ireland and England, there are no extremes【极端】of temperature, either. Summers are warm, not hot, and winters are brisk【清新的】rather than【而不是】freezing. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】from the abundant【大量的，2010年考题】rainfall of this area. Every season invites the nature lover to get out【离开，出去】and be active in the countryside.
5.你对健康的气候感兴趣吗？来南岛这个地方就对了。除了在高原和山区地带，这儿温和的
气候很少降雪(sees little snow)。就像爱尔兰和英格兰一样，气温也不严酷。夏天暖和不热，冬天则凉爽而不寒冷。清新的空气有时会因这地区丰沛的降雨而潮湿。这里一年四季都适合爱好大自然的人出门到乡间去活跃一番。（南岛的自然环境）
6. Of course, South Island is not for everyone. For those who need busy, crowded, noisy, and polluted cities, this Southern outpost【边远居住点】will surely disappoint【失望】. For those who enjoy pressure【压力】and stress【紧张】, South Island will leave them empty-handed. And for those who would rather stay at home or in an office in front of a computer screen or in the thumping【巨大的】, smoke-filled dance floors of discos, some of the world's best natural scenery will never entice【诱惑，怂恿】them away. For the rest of us, though, South Island is the world's best-kept secret. If Nature's paradise sounds alluring【迷人的】, make a point of【重视，坚持去】visiting South Island.
6.当然，并非每个人都会喜欢南岛。对那些需要繁忙、拥挤、嘈杂和受污染城市的人而言，南半球的这个边陲地区(outpost)必定会让他们感到失望；对那些喜欢压力和紧张的人而言，南岛将使他们空手而返；而对那些宁愿待在家里或办公室计算机屏幕前、或是窝在音乐震天响(thrumping)、烟雾弥漫的（smoke-filled）迪斯科舞池内的人而言，世界上最棒的一些自然景色永远也无法诱使他们离开。但是对我们其余的人而言，南岛是世界最棒的秘境。如果大自然中的天堂听起来让你觉得有吸引力(alluring)，那么别忘了到南岛去玩一玩。
25 Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知（2007版）
【2007版，2010版，2013版，2016版】
1. Speaking English fluently【流利地】and accurately【准确地】is a goal of many people studying English in China. Fluency can be simply【2010年考题】defined as【定义为】"being able to communicate【交流，交际】ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying"; speaking accurately means "speaking without errors【错误】grammar and vocabulary【词汇】".
1、流利并准确地说英语是中国许多英语学习者的一个目标。流利可简单定义为（be defined as）“具有交流各种思想的能力，无须停下来（without having to stop）对话题进行过多思考（think too much about）”。说话准确的意思是“说话不犯语法错误和词汇错误”。
注释：（1）define:定义；refine:精炼；confine：限制，局限于。（2）too much+不可数名词，too+many+可数名词，much too+形容词
2. The problem is that【同位语从句】many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. And, if they slow down, there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural【不自然的】. So, how do balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】and fluency in spoken English?
2、问题在于：许多学生发现，如果他们试图讲得快，所犯错误就更多。如果他们讲话速度放慢，错误可能会减少，可是听上去就不自然。所以，英语口语的准确与流利，如何才能平衡起来呢?
3. It can depend on the manner【态度】in which【引导定语从句】one has studied English in the past. People who tend to focus on accuracy may find that they worry too much about making mistakes. This can make them nervous【紧张】or embarrassed【尴尬的】about speaking English in public【公开地】. As a result【因此】, their spoken English might not improve. This means that, although they know English grammar and vocabulary well, they might not be able to hold a good conversation【对话】.
3、这可能取决于一个人过去学习英语的态度。那些往往注重于说话准确的人们可能会发现，他们对犯错误操心过多。这可能导致他们在公众场合说英语感到紧张或尴尬。所以，他们的英语口语可能得不到提高。这就意味着，尽管他们掌握了英语语法，也熟悉英语词汇，他们可能不能成功地开展对话。
4. On the other hand【另一方面】, there are those who really like to talk and are willing to【乐于】try their language out even if they make mistakes. This willingness【愿意】to take risks helps them speak more fluidly【流畅地】. But, if they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas across【使被理解】.
4、另一方面，有一些人真的很喜欢说话，而且就算讲错，他们都愿意试着说(try out试用; 试验)。这种敢于冒险的意愿(willingness)帮助他们说得更流利。但是如果他们讲话错误百出，就会觉得很难表达自己的思想（find it + adj. + to do sth.）。
5. The debate【辩论】about which is more important-fluency or accuracy-in the English language has lasted【持续】for a long time. Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency and accuracy. How can we be sure that we can develop both? The following tips could help.
5、讲英语流利重要，还是准确重要，关于这个问题的辩论持续了很长时间。然而（still），有一点是明确的，即说好一门语言既要流利又要准确。如何才能做到讲话既流利又准确呢?下面的建议也许会有所帮助。
6. Find the problem. What kind of person are you-one who focuses on accuracy or one who focuses on frequency? The first step is to recognize【认识】your problem and go to work on【从事于】it. Think about situations【情景，形势】where you've used English and how you felt about making mistakes? Do you always try some new language even though it might not be correct? Or do you feel embarrassed by mistakes?
6、发现问题。你属于怎样的一类人?你注重说话准确还是注重说话流利?第一步是认识到你的问题，然后着手解决问题(go to work on it)。回想一下你使用过英语的若干情景，你对说错有何感受?即使你不一定说得对，你经常试着讲某种新学的语言吗?你是否因犯错误而感到困窘呢?
注释：（1）frequent：频率，频繁；fluency：流利，流畅；（2）think about：考虑，思考；think of：想起，记起；think over：仔细考虑；think of as:把…看作；（3）work on：致力于，从事
7. Focus on one problem at a time【每次】. When you speak English, find the mistakes you make most often. One mistake Chinese often make is omitting【遗漏】the "s" from the third person singular【单数的】verb. Or you may speak too slowly as if you were searching for the right word and correct grammar. The next time you use English, try to work on those problems you have identified. If it's fluency, try to focus on it. If you have
a problem with the third person singular, try to concentrate on when you make such errors. Don't spend time thinking about other mistakes. By choosing an area to work on, you can isolate【孤立】problems and help yourself overcome【克服，战胜】them.
注释：（1）at a time:每次；at one time:从前；（2）惯用法：spend time doing,help sb do sth
7、一次关注一个问题。当你说英语时，找到你最常犯的错误。中国人常犯的一个错误是第三人称单数动词(the third person singular verb)漏掉“s”（omit from 从…删去）。或者你可能说得太慢，好像你在寻找合适的单词和正确的语法似的。你下一次使用英语时，力求改正那些你已经认识到的(you have identified)问题。如果是流利的问题，那就力求讲快些。如果你的问题是在第三人称单数，那就尽力专注于你犯此类错误的时候(when you make such errors)。不要费时思考其他错误。选定解决问题的范畴，你就能使问题孤立起来，各个击破，这样有助于自己克服问题。
8. Vary【变化，改变】your practice. If you go to an English corner or an English club, try to change the types of activities you take part in so that you practice both fluency and accuracy. Public speaking allows you to slow down and be sure you have time to concentrate on the language. Meanwhile【同时】, discussions【讨论】are good practice for fluency, especially【尤其，特别】if you don't stop each time a mistake is made.
8、参加各种实践活动。如果你去参加英语角或英语俱乐部，设法改变你参加的活动类型，以便(so that)训练英语的流利性和准确性。公共演讲会使你放慢速度，并保证你有时间关注语言。同时，讨论是很好的训练流利的实践活动，如果你不是一出错就停，更是如此。
9. Learn the difference between fluency and speed. Some Chinese think that speaking fast is the same as speaking fluently. In fact, speaking fluently involves not only speed. It also involves stress【重音】, pronunciation【发音】and intonation【语调】. If you make a mistake in these, speaking fast will only make it worse. Don't sacrifice【牺牲】understanding for speed.
9、弄懂流利与速度的差异。有些中国人认为，说话迅速就是说话流利。事实上，说话流利不
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_1(word版)
模拟试題一 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____ A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 3.You should these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw down C. throw up D. throw away 4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard to C. With regard of D. Regardless for 5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye. A. naked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities B. necessities C. probabilities D. realities 7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. encouraged 9.This is the first time you have been late. A. under no circumstances B. on no account C. by no means D. for no reason 10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up Section B Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.- 11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away. A. almost B. essentially C. always D. conveniently
2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解
1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。
2019中石油职称英语考试历年单选汇总2016-2018年.pdf
2016年. 【农民】__theirland. 丧失 ,__provedthathewasn'tworkinghardenough.非限制性定语 倒装句 Athens同位语 翻译：奥林匹克马拉松赛跑为26英里，385码.大约为马拉松到雅典的距离 ,wedecided totakethetrain.完成被动的非谓语动词形式 与…打成一片 【记录】theplain【平常的，简单的】facts【事实，真相】ofsmalltownlife. 非谓语动词 抚养 ：为了 ''tknowmorethanyoudo. ''llmoveinsoonandweneedtobuy__furniture. 【药方】 【生物学家】doesnotmerely【仅仅】describe【描述】organisms【有机物】,buttriestolearn__actastheydo. "Hashecomeback....Yes,he__back forthreedays. 【32课】同位语 翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。 ,theearth__coveredbywater.【55课】虚拟语气
翻译：如果所有的大陆和山脉被推平，那么地球表面将被一层超过12000英尺深的水所覆盖。 "veryhappy".【5课】 翻译：拥有五个或更多亲密朋友的人自认“非常快乐”的机会高出他人50%。【不协调的，不相配的】withgoodhealth. ' ' 2017年 .【31课】 翻译：老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。 虚拟语气（过去相反） 翻译：Smith上周非常忙，否则他就去看你了。 . 非谓语动词 翻译：她需要买所有的东西，她将要离开市场，在小镇的街上再花费一个小时。 翻译：我很感激三年前给我的出国工作的机会。 ,__isclearfromtheexpressionsonhisface.【模拟三】as引导的非限制性定语从句翻译：他得了第一名，他脸上的表情清楚地表明了这一切。 . 【大纲原句】 翻译:直到后来他们才意识到发生了多么可怕的事情。 ,airtrafficcontrollersrelyonradar. 翻译：为了追踪机场航行中的飞机，空中交通控制台要用雷达。 ……to：太……而不能
中石油2016通用英语选读课文36To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命
36 To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命 （be content with 对…满足；lot n. 命运） 1. Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet<但是> ultimately
中石油2016通用英语选读课文
4 How to Negotiate<谈判> with Americans 如何与美国人谈判 1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。 2.美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!” 但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉快的和自在的，但是它同时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。
3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重要的。美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。（that 引导定语从句，可以译为：美国人自由地使用幽默感，这种幽默感比英国人更加直接。）如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。 4.美国人不拘礼节。商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。你的生意伙伴很可能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。
5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领域都强。在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。 6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。相比之下，发展与商业伙伴的个人关系（与得到的谈判结果相比）就不是那么重要了。 7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。金融情况时刻受到关注（或直译为“财务业绩每季上报”），这对在短期内保证收益很重要。因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生命”这一条款。所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解为无礼，而是因为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。
中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理
2016中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第1-10课-课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试 课后练习及答案 目录 1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2) 2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2) 3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4) 4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5) 5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7) 6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9) 7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11) 8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13) 9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16) 10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） 课后练习： 1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____. A. treatment B.requirement C.management D.improvement 2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time. A.bring up https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0c9647352.html,e up C.dress up D.show up 3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date. A.that B.what C.who D.where 4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people. A.Traditionally B.Additionally C.Conditionally D.Exceptionlly 5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. A.essentially B.entirelly C.extremely D.especially 6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】. A.anticipate B.participate C.preserve D.announce 7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problem A.look into B.look on C. look over D.look through 答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A 2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版) 课后练习： 1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problem A.identify B.identity C. identical D.identification
2016年中石油职称英语真题及答案
2016年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off theconversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理 begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行） discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）
新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题
模拟试题五 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this pari. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1.He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his _____ . A. word B. words C. permission D. saying 2.After second thought, she ____ a better solution. A. came up with B. added up to C. put up with D. made up for 3.The club has ______ a new rule allowing women to join. A. brought forth B. associated with C. turned over D. laid down 4.The performance will begin ____ at eight thirty. A. precisely B. consequently C. accordingly D. exceedingly 5.His joke went too far. It was more than I could ________ . A. get rid of B. put up with C. keep up with D. do away with 6.At the gathering, he talked_____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits. A. in detail B. with ease C. on end D. in a confusing way 7.1 wish my son would stop ______ a nd do something realistic. A. hanging about B. hanging on C. hanging up D. hanging off 8.We all can’t ____ why she married a man like this. A. reason out B. figure out C. make believe D. take in 9.John wants to dispose ____ his old car and buy a new one. A. on B. in C. of D. to 10.Ted agreed to ____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers. A. call out B. call to C. call off D. call on
中石油职称英语考试大纲
中石油职称英语考试大纲(不断更新） 附录1：晋升职称英语水平考试大纲 一、等级的划分 晋升职称英语水平考试共分为A、B两个等级。申报高级职称的人员需参加A级考试，申报中级职称的人员需参加B级考试。 二、评价目标 考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法知识、阅读理解能力和翻译能力的要求分别如下：（一）词汇 1、申报A级的人员应熟练认知5000个左右的单词和短语。 2、申报B级的人员应熟练认知4000个左右的单词和短语。 （二）语法知识 应试者必须懂得英语基本语法结构和常用句型，能正确理解用这些结构和句型写成的句子。 1、名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法。 2、动词基本时态=语态的构成及其用法； 3、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法； 4、常用连接词的词义及其用法； 5、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； 6、虚拟语气的构成及其用法； 7、各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）的基本用法及强调句型的结构； 8、常用倒装句的结构。 （三）阅读理解能力 应试者能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料。阅读能力重要包括下列几个方面： 1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节； 3、根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义； 4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系； 5、根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和理解； 6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。 （四）翻译能力 应试者应具备在词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。翻译文章难度相当于《通用英语选读》教材中课文的难度。要求理解正确，译文达意，无重大语言错误。 三、题型、题量和计分 题型、题量和所占分值如下表： 题型分主观题型和客观题型。第一部分为主观题型，第二部分为客观题型。客观题占总分的80%，主观题占20%。答题时间总计为120分钟。 第一部分、客观题。 本部分包括四种题型。 一、词汇 本部分20 小题，每小题1分，共20分，主要考查单词和词组的用法。要求应试者从每题四个选择项中选一最佳答案。
2016年中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2016年中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D
2016年中石油职称英语水平考试复习资料1-5
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则 1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management. 1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。 2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow. 2.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。 3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well. 3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。 4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings. 4.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。 5.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’valuable time. 5.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。 6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism. 6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。 7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager. 7.准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议
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