汉译英第6章增补
BEFORE NEW LECTURE
跑得了和尚跑不了庙The monk can run away ,but the temple can not.
TWO MEANINGS ：1 The monk(bad men ,such criminals) can run away,but the temple (the residence) of bad men can not,because the residence is the clue for the people to find and catch them. 2 The monk(people without anything) can run away but the temple(school,company,factory)can not.That means a person with nothing can break a contract,but a person with a school(company,factory) can not.
增补与省略
汉语和英语的这种区别通常概括为前者重意合(parataxis)后者重形合(hypotaxis). 也可以说，从总体观察，汉语形散(divergent)，结构形式比较松弛，词句比较简洁，而英语形聚(convergent)结构形式比较严谨。汉语文章的意合，即指英语中的逻辑、语法、词汇等连接首段运用很少；英语文章的形合，即指词句
的粘着性（cohesion）,手段多种多样。如逻辑词语的连接，语法上的照应、替代、省略等，词汇是的搭配、同义词的复现等。
一．增补
增补(amplification)是在原文基础上添加必要的词语，力图使译文在语意、语境方面和原文一致，从而使得译文在忠实地表达原文的意思与风格的同时合乎译入语的表达习惯
1.从语法角度增补
（1）增补主语、宾语
他决心继续他的实验，不过这次将用另一种办法来做He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it in another way. 书到后应立即付款。You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.
要提倡顾全da局
We should develop the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration
（2）增补冠词
宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力
A disturbance outside my dormitory
distracted my attention你认为我花园里那红白相间的玫瑰怎么样？
How do you like the red white roses in my gardens?
（3）增补连词或连接性词语，如and ,or , but ,for , so...that …, too…to..., as well as, in general, with
regard to, in particular等
我告诉他该走了，他匆匆忙忙地走了
I told him it was time to go and he hurried away.
变化太小，观察不出
The change is too little to be observed
这个工作对专家来说容易，对没有经验的人来说困难
The work is easy for an expert, whereas it is difficult for an inexperienced person
我们是多年的好朋友，一旦分开，难免会依依不舍Since we are close friends for years, surely we cannot tear away from each other, once we have to part company.
那对年轻夫妇当时非常穷，买不起价钱如此昂贵的彩电
The young couple were so poor that they could not afford such an expensive colour TV set
（4）增补介词
礼拜天图书馆不开门。
On Sundays the library remains closed.
2.从语义角度增补
我不爱喝饮料。
I don’t like soft drinks
一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮
A fence needs the support of three stakes, a capable fellow needs the help of three other people.
3.从修饰角度增补
出于行文d考虑，所增加的词多为不改变原意的语气，强调性副词或其他修辞世需要的词汇，以使意义明确，形象鲜明
这孩子是可爱
The child is lovely indeed
他就出生在那间斗室里
It was in that small room that he was born
4.从文化交流的角度增补
汉语与英语的差异不仅体现在语言表达上，同时也涉及文化层面。汉语中的典故或谚语在译成英语时往往要添加注释性词语以表达原文的内涵意义，提供必要的背景知识。
东施效颦。
Dong Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish
班门弄斧
to show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter
练习
三．2002年真题
大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫穷，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和载花；
在周末去教堂和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍行下来。
【参考译文】
Nature favors the rich and the poor alike. Thus, all people depend on it, unanimously and profoundly. This is particularly true on the countryside, where ways of life have remained unchanged for thousands of years—planting crops and grapes; brewing and drinking wines; raising and milking cows; hoeing weeds and cultivating flowers; going to churches on weekends; playing music, dancing and singing in the square. The countryside of the past days remains to beloved homeland of today. Thus, each place has its own legend, and subsequently, its customs pass on from one generation to the next.
二．省略
省略(omission)也是汉译英的常用技巧之一，指在不损害原文思想内容的前提下，删去原文中一些多余的或不符合译入语表达方式或习惯的词语，使译文简洁流畅。
1.从语法角度省略
虚词
汉英语言中都有实词和虚词之分，实词有具体的意
义而虚词无实义，只表示结构关系或在句中起辅导作用。汉语中的虚词如：“就”、“又”、“都”等常常可以省略去，或通过其他手段表达。
你给了我希望，也就给了我生命
Give me hope and you give me life
无论谁去，我都没有意见。
Whoever goes, I shall have no objection
.搭配、时态和单复数的角度
简在学法律，她妹妹在学物理
Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics
朵朵鲜花开满了花园
Flowers bloom all over the garden
2.从语义角度省略
(1)他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动
Their optimism moved us greatly
中国的落后状态必须改变
The backwardness of China mus tbe changed
他鞠了一躬，并以令人愉快的谦逊态度接受人们的欢呼He bowed and accepted the applause with pleasant modesty.
我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深打动
We were all greatly moved by his loftiness
1992年后，一些西方国家失业现象严重
Since 1992 there has been serious unemployment in some Western countries
他感到了一种爱国热情在胸中激荡
He felt the patriotism rise within his heart
(2).成语习语(idiom )和一些四字词组，(four-character
phrase)
不屈不饶unswerving 自给自足self-sufficient
经久耐用durable 清规戒律taboos
水深火热in deep waters 花言巧语fine words
（3）内容空洞的词(empty word )
这个大厅四大优点：明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声
The advantages of the hall are bright , spacious fashionable and without echo
经济特区的设立给我们的社会带来极大的繁荣、极大的昌盛
The setting of special economic zone has brought us a
flourishing society
论成语或诗词句子中的数字的翻译
李田心
（韩山师范学院，广东潮州，521041）
有些汉语句子或成语包含数字，这些数字有些纯粹是用作比喻的虚数，如“牵五挂四”；有些是接近事物实际数量的概数，如“百万雄师”；有些数字却是事物实实在在数量的实数，如“四体不勤”。这些虚数、概数或实数在句子之中都用作比喻，在翻译这些数字时，有些只能意译，即不把数字译成英语中对应的数字而是用文字将数字比喻的意义表达出来。有些则用直译，即直接将数字译成英语中对应的数字。
一、用意译法翻译纯粹用作比喻的虚数
汉语句子或成语中包含的有些数字完全是用作比喻的虚数，它们或者与事物的实际数量相差甚远，或者与实际数量不相干，只起比喻作用，相当于形容词或副词，在翻译这些数字时，往往意译。
1、天上一轮才棒出，人间万姓仰头看。
As her bright orb sails up the sky，all men on earth gaze upwards at the sight.
——选自《红楼梦》
这儿的“万姓”的“万”是个虚数。中国到底有多少姓，没有一个准确的数字，有人说“万姓”，有人说“千家姓”，这儿的“万姓”指的是天下所有的人，隐含数量大这一含义。同样的用法有“万民伞”、“救万民于水火”，“万民”用来指代人民。杨宪益，戴乃迭用“all men”翻译“万姓”很恰当。
2、万丈高楼平地起。
此句中的“万”是用作比喻的虚数。目前世界上最高的楼房才几百米高，不可能存在或出现万丈高楼。外研社出版的《汉英词典》在翻译时处理得很好，用的是意译法，译文是：The loftiest towers are built up from the ground.
3、未卜三生愿，频添一段愁。
这是《红楼梦》里的诗句。“三生”是佛教中的说法，指现世、前世和来世。对于佛教信徒来说，它是个实数，但对于非佛教徒尤其是不了解东方文化的西方人来说，人的生命只有一次，“三生”也就是个虚数。杨、戴两位翻译大师的译文是：
Not yet divined the fate in store for me，Good reason have I for anxiety.
4、其聪明灵秀之气，则在万万人之上，其乖僻邪谬不近人情之态，又在万万人之下。
“万万”是比喻，是虚数，形容“非常多”，杨宪益、戴乃迭用“myrial”代替第一个“万万”，用“other”代替第二个“万万”。全句译文是：The pure intelligence with which they are endowed set them above their myrial fellow creatures，but their perversity and unnatural behaveor sink them lower than other men too.
5、于是接二连三，牵五挂四，将一条街烧得如火焰山一般。
“接二连三、牵五挂四”中的数字全是虚数，两个短语中的“二”、“三”和“四”、“五”都是相邻的数字，用来比喻“相互联接”，并不是实际上的第二、第三或第五、第四间房屋。译者完全用意译法翻译：The flames spread from house to house until the whole street was ablaze like a flaming mountain.
6、这凤姑娘……少说也有一万个心眼子。
一个人一个心眼，“一万个心眼”比喻聪明过人，杨、戴两位翻译家用意译法译成：clever isn’t the word
for her！
二、接近事物实际数量的概数可意译，也可直译。
有些句子或成语中包含的数字和它们所修饰的名词在逻辑概念上与所允许存在的数量接近，是个概数，在翻译它们时，可视情况灵活处理，或者用直译，或者用意译。总的原则是最大限度地表现汉语句子的原意和不引起费解和误解。
1、百花齐放，百家争鸣。
“百花”比喻各种形式和风格的艺术作品，“百家”比喻科学上不同的学派。世界上艺术作品到底有多少种形式和风格，科学上有多少家不同学派，虽然可能有准确的统计，但在这儿没有必要使用准确的数字，用接近的概数“百”反而更具艺术性，“百”隐含着“各种各样”，也隐含着“全部”和“多”。《汉英词典》和《毛选》英译本的译文都是：Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. 此句也可意译：Let all kinds of flowers blossom and different schools of thought contend. 但此译文体现不出原文中隐含的“多来”。
2、A）朝庭还有三门子穷亲戚。B）雨村……意欲到那村肆中诂饮三杯，以助野兴。
这两句都是摘自《红楼梦》，两句中的“三”都是概数，比喻数量不多，同时隐含着“不限定”，因此只能意译，如果直译，读者可能费解。杨、戴的译文是：A）The Emperor himself has poor relations. B) Yu-tsun decided to improve the occasion by drinking
a few cups in a village tavern.
3、百年大计
《汉英词典》有一例句：基本建设是百年大计，要求质量第一。Capital construction projects，which are to last for generations，call above all for good quality.译文是意译，处理得很好。一个大的项目可能要求延续一百年，也有些可能要求延续几百年。“百年”不过是概数，比喻世世代代。
4、方谈得三五句话，忽家人飞报。
这里的“三五句”是概数，意含“不多”，也可说“三两句”，译者用意译：They had not exchanged many remarks when a servant hurried in to announce.
——选自《红楼梦》英译本
5、一帆风雨路三千，把骨肉家园齐来抛闪。
此句中“三千”即“三千里”，是概数，一般来说，
路途遥远没有绝对数字来形容，三千里也算得上遥远了，译文是直译：Three thousand Li she must sail through wind and rain, giving up her home and her own flesh and blood.
——选自《红楼梦》英译本
三、用直译法翻译表示事物实际数量的数字
有些数字虽然用在作比喻的成语或句子中，然而它们表示事物的实际数量。翻译这些数字时往往直译。
1、一心一意——with one heart and one mind
——选自《汉语成语和常用语》
2、四体不勤，五谷不分。
Can neither toil with one’s four limbs nor tell the five cereals apart.
——选自《汉英词典》
3、两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读圣贤书。
Both ears are shut to what goes on outside the window, the whole mind is concentrated on the sages’book ——选自《汉英词典》
4、贯彻执行一整套两条腿走路的方针。
Implement a whole set of policies known as “walking on two legs”.
四、两个数字对比使用时，往往直译。
有些句子或成语包含两个数字，而且两个数字在用法上形成对比，这时用直译。数字对比使用可以使文字对仗工整，同时产生出一种良好韵律效果。然而一大一小两个数字对比使用，主要目的是通过对比产生出某种语义效果。
1、一夫当关，万夫莫开。
此句子中的“一”和“万”，一大一小，形成对比，说明关狭的险要。《汉英词典》的译文很好：If one man guards the pass, ten thousand can not get through.
2、千军易得，一将难求。
此句中“一”和“千”对比使用，比喻将才稀少难得。《汉英词典》的译文同样很好。它是：Simpler by far to raise a thousand troops than find a single general to lead them.
3、下笔千言，离题万里。
此句出现在《毛泽东选集》中，它的译文是：A thousand words from the pen in a stream, but ten
thousand Li away from the theme. 千和万对比使用产生出“虽然行文流畅，但离题太远”这一含义。
4、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
此谚语出现在《毛选》中，译成英文时译得很好，意思很清楚，而且还押韵：Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chuked Liang the master mind.
5、百发百中。
两个同等大小的数字对比使用，比喻枪法的准确。《汉英词典》的译文是：A hundred shot, a hundred bull’s’-eyes. 译文既贴切，又生动。
6、十年树木，百年树人。
《汉英词典》的译文是：It takes ten years to grow trees, but hundred to rear people. “十年”和“百年”对比使用产生出培养人不容易这一含义，数字用直译，处理得很好。然而此译文也有值得商榷之处。树有幼树、中等大小的树和成材的大树之分。原文“树木”意思是培植成材的大树，而译文“to grow trees”只是培植树的意义，与句子前部分“It takes ten years”塔配后，汉语意思为“培植树需要十年”。培植什么大小的树需要十年呢？句子意思从逻辑意义上讲不通。“百年树人”译成“It takes a hundred years to rear people”,也存在逻辑问题。人的平均寿命才七、八十
岁，培养就要花一百年？《中国成语大辞典》对此成语中有解释：种树为十年后打算，培养人才为长远打算。因此此成语的译文可以是：Growing trees results in benefit in ten years, but educating people in a hundred.
一大一小两个数字对比使用时，如果对比的目的是为了产生出语义上某种特殊效果，一般采用直译。但有时只是或者主要是为了文字对仗工整，达到韵律上的效果，这时往往用意译。如前文提到的“一帆风顺三千”中的“一帆”，“天上一轮才捧出，人间万姓仰头看”中的“一轮”和“未卜三生愿，频添一段愁”中的“一段”都是为了对仗和韵律的需要，因此不直译。
参考文献：
[1] Yang Hsien-yin and Gladys yang, A Dream of Red
Mansions [M], Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1978.
[2] 邵志洪，词义的扩展与升格[J]，外语与外语教学，1994，（2）。
[3] 陆国强：现代英语词汇学[M]，上海外语教育出版
社，1999。
[4] 余光中，余光中谈翻译[M]，中国对外出版公司，北京，2002。
[5] 危东亚等，汉英词典[Z]，外语教学与研究出版社，北京，1995年8月。
英文题目：On the Translation of the Numerals in the Chinese Idioms and Sentences
Abstract: This paper divides the numerals in the Chinese idioms and sentences into three categories: real numerals, unreals numerals and approximate numerals. Then the writer suggests three techniques to translate these numerals: word-for-word translation for real numerals, literal translation for unreal numerals and combination of word-for-word and literal translation for approximate numerals.
Key words: Chinese idiom, numeral, translation
摘要：本文将汉语成语或句子中的数字分成实数、
虚数和概数，并提出三种翻译这些数字的方法：直译法翻译实数，意译法翻译虚数，直译、意译结合法翻译概数。
关键词：汉语成语，数字，翻译
2003年真题
得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家里横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的旁晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋子里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥看园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表兄弟，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
【参考译文】
Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot,
and I could have my way at home. Once Iwas
isolated and confined in a chamber on the
hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was
neglected and became very depressed. One
spring evening, my parents held a banquet in
英语复习资料-英译汉(含中文对照)
英译汉 1.On an average of six time a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0110366976.html,st fall 19 distinguished British doctors wrote an open letter calling for the legalization of euthanasia for AIDS patients in the advanced stages of their illness. 3.Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuses. 4.Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safe guards. 5. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy, and may well help preserve good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good. 6. If a man makes gambling an obsession---almost a form of insanity---he will not lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience. 7.We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a colorless and dreary existence 8.The search for an answer brings you face to face with problems that are at once both the bane and lifeblood of virtually all research into human emotions. 9.Provine is one of the few researchers trying to go beyond anecdote and speculation by looking at laughter as an animal behaviorist might study birdsong or a wolf’s howl. 10.Politicians and other public speakers understand the power of laughter to break down barriers and forge a connection with their audience. A large part of President John Kennedy’s charm came from his ability to make jokes at his own expense, says Morreall. By inviting the audience to join him in laughter, Kennedy bridged much of the social gap between his wealthy, noble status and ordinary voters. Almost every after-dinner speaker opens with a joke for a similar reason. 11. But laughter can exclude as well as include, as another American president learnt to his cost. 12. That cultural imperialism is said to impose American values as well as products, promote the commercial at the expense of the authentic, and substitute shallow gratification for deeper satisfaction. 13. Globalization not only increases individual freedom, but also revitalizes cultures and cultural artifacts through foreign influences, technologies, and markets. Thriving cultures are not set in stone. They are forever changing from within and without. 14. But although many languages are becoming extinct, English is rarely to blame. 15. Where local languages are dying, it is typically national rivals that are stamping them out. French has all but eliminated Proven?al, and German Swabian. 16. Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; now their soccer team is emblematic of national pride. 17. English may be all-conquering outside America, but in some parts of the United States, it is now second to Spanish.
汉译英在线翻译句子
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧 新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧 ?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧 题型简介 ?自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。 140~160词 基本要求 要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇，注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。 翻译技巧 (一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译 (一) 词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代 1.词义选择 (1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，称之为“语境词”，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文：Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非是我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate，翻译为alter或 change更恰当。 (2) 表意模糊的词?原文：这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文：The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析：“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词，具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统，译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文：The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析：“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。 2.词类转换 (1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制，大量本应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词不受形态规则的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。?原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。?译文：You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析：英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义 advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作，译文也显得较为地道。 (2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现，而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文：人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词（如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等），这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文：在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.
段落翻译练习-汉译英答案
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time
英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰
英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰 为了帮助大家练习英语翻译小编整理了一份英语笔译练习材料后面附有参考翻译希望能帮到大家 IrelandisasovereignstateinwesternEurope,occupyingaboutfives ixthsoftheislandofIreland.ThecapitalandlargestcityisDublin, whosemetropolitanareaishometoaroundaquarterofthecountry’ s4.6millioninhabitants.ThestatesharesitsonlylandborderwithN orthernIreland.Itisaunitary,parliamentaryrepublicwithanelec tedpresidentservingasheadofstate.Theheadofgovernmentisnomin atedbythelowerhouseofparliament. 爱尔兰是西欧主权国家面积占爱尔兰岛的5/6仅与北爱尔兰接壤首都都柏林是最大的城市人口约为全国460万人口的1/4爱尔兰是单一制议会制共和国总统由选举产生并担任国家元首政府首脑则由众议院提名产生 【注释1】 Unitary:有参考译文翻译为“中央集权制”这里个人感觉“单一制”更贴切一些百度能搜到不少爱尔兰是中央集权的表述但可靠度有待考证 以维基百科对unitarystate的解释来看其相对词汇为federations而且unitarystate也包括意大利意大利则是非中央集权国家所以“中央集权”这个词义可能不太合适
汉译英口译文字材料
Passage 1 女士们、先生们：很高兴能有机会参加这次“中国日”年会。亚洲是世界上最大的洲，拥有世界60%的人口。它资源丰富，历史悠久。中国式亚洲的一员，同所有亚洲人民一样，中国人民勤劳智慧。中国人民愿与所有亚洲人民一起，共创亚洲的美好明天。 Passage 2 我们非常高兴能和你们在英格兰度过这样一段愉快的时光。在告别英格兰的时候，我觉得自己对它和它的历史有了更多的了解。我们希望在不久的将来能在中国接待诸位，请诸位看看中国的变化。现在，我提议为东道主的健康干杯！希望在不久能看见你们。 Passage 3我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎辞。印度是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问印度是我的强烈愿望。我为能成为贵公司的客人而深感荣幸。这次访问给予我一次很好的机会结交新朋友。我公司同印度有着有好的合作关系。我们在许多领域里的合作都取得了重大进展。我们的合作是富有成效的。我们将继续成为和睦共助的伙伴关系。 Passage 4今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学接待格林博士和夫人。我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。中新两国教育界人士的互访，增进了相互间的了解和学术交流。我相信格林博士这次对对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系做出重要贡献。明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。 Passage 5今天各位能出席这个招待会，我们深感荣幸。欢迎到中国来。在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持“互相尊重、平等互利”的原则，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。我愿借此机会对各位朋友给予我们的合作和支持表示感谢。 Passage 6 在这个满天星斗、举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位来宾从百忙之中拔冗光临我们的春节联欢晚会。春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时，我希望各位中外同事共度一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。我希望这次晚会能使我们彼此有机会沟通、增进友谊。最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年健康、事业有成。 Passage 7近年来，中国在交通方面的资金投入每年都有所增加，公路建设因此有了很大发展。到去年末，这方面的投资超过了人民币3,200亿元。自从我国实行西部大开发策略后，西部的公路建设也得到了迅速发展。在今后的几年里，西部地区将继续成为公路建设的重点地区。 Passage 8中国加快发展，将给中美关系发展提供新的机遇与动力。例如，中国的旅游业带动航空业的发展，已经给美国企业带来了可观的实惠。中国从美国进口大量的大豆、小麦等农产品，为美国农业提供了广阔的市场。我相信，中国完全有可能在未来的20年乃至更长的时间里，继续保持稳定快速的经济增长。 Passage 9中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，农村地区经济不发达。穷
句子翻译练习(汉译英)
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
高中汉译英句子翻译中英文99句
B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘，谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) 15.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造，承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸，技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责，除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility under this Sub-Clause. 4.工程监护：在工程开始后，但在完工移交前，已完工的工程及留在工地的材料、
统考—大学英语复习资料英译汉
英译汉——复习题 1、What kind of life do most people enjoy? 答案：多数人喜欢什么样的生活？ 2、My classmate is much cleverer than I. 答案：我的同学比我聪明多了。 3、The People's Republic of China (PRC), founded on October 1, 1949, covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. 答案：中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日，国土面积约960万平方公里。 4、He didn't need to attend the meeting. 答案：他没必要参加那个会议。 5、People all over the world are trying to help the people in the quake-stricken areas. 答案：全世界人民都在尽力帮助遭受地震地区的人民。 6、Most students feel satisfied with the progress they’ve made. 答案：大多数学生对自己所取得的进步感到满意。 7、I knocked on his door but nobody came to answer it. 答案：我敲了他的门，但没人来开门。 8、The friend saw everything but did not say a single word. 答案：这位朋友看到了一切，却一言不发。 9、This new country hopes to establish friendly relations with all its neighbours. 答案：这个新成立的国家希望和所有邻国建立友好关系。 10、You and your team can discover the answers to problems together. 答案：你和你的团队能够一起找到问题的答案。 11、Life is meaningless without a purpose. 答案：没有目标的生活是毫无意义的。 12、The doctor had no choice but reach out to their colleagues across the nation. 答案：那个医生别无选择，只能向全国的同行救助。 13、I slept soundly all night. 答案：我整夜睡得很熟。 14、I rang your house last night but your mother answered the phone. 答案：我昨夜给你家打电话，但接电话的是你母亲。 15、Various substances differ widely in their magnetic（磁性的）characteristics.