上海市八校2018届高三上学期11月联考英语试题 含解析

2018届高三年级八校联合调研

英语试卷2018年11月

(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)

第I卷（共90分）

I. Listening Comprehension（25分）

Section A (10×1=10分)

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.A. Impatient. B. Confused.

C. Sincere.

D. Comfortable.

2.A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel.

C. In a café.

D. In a snack bar.

3. A. American literature. B. Elementary education.

C. Children’s litera ture.

D. Art history.

4.A. She will continue her work on vacation.

B. Papers piled while she was on vacation.

C. She has too much work to do.

D. She has made her vacation plans.

5.A. The man can only make a local call.

B. The man c an’t use her telephone.

C. The man can call any person in the world.

D. The man can be her guest at any time.

6.A. Because the working hours were not suitable.

B. Because the job was quite difficult.

C. Because he had to do a lot of travelling.

D. Because the job was not well paid.

7. A. Finish checking his reference. B. Complete the research.

C. Put the material in order.

D. Finish typing the paper.

8. A. He’ll ask Steve to go to the beach with them.

B. He wants to make sure the weather is clear.

C. He doesn’t know if they can have a room.

D. He isn’t sure whether there’ll be space for Steve.

9.A. Go on a trip. B. Take a long sail.

C. Run a restaurant.

D. Prepare a meal.

10. A. She only read the contents of the book.

B. She didn’t omit a single detail.

C. She scanned the whole book.

D. She read only some chapters of the book.

Section B (10×1.5=15分)

Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. The U.S. is not one of the happiest countries in the world.

B. The U. S experienced a decline in happiness only from 2018 to 2018.

C. The U. S. is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.

D. The U. S. is among the 47 countries experiencing a decline in happiness.

12.A. Greece. B. Burundi.

C. Denmark.

D. Australia.

13.A. Quality education. B. Safety from crime.

C. Good health.

D. Wealth.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14.A. Snowy. B. Cloudy. C. Smoggy. D. Rainy.

15.A. Red. B. Orange. C. Yellow. D. Blue.

16. A. Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.

B. Beijing has gone through two red alerts for smog.

C. Beijing’s PM2.5 levels became worse in 2018.

D. Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following dialogue.

17. A. In the woman’s hometown. B. In the man’s hometown.

C. Outside their hometown.

D. In a small town.

18. A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.

B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.

C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.

D. Choose whichever friend can plan the rehearsal(彩排) dinner.

19. A. The bride’s family. B. A wedding planner.

C. The groom’s family.

D. The new couple.

20. A. She doesn’t think it is a tradition.

B. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.

C. She thinks her mother-in-law can plan the wedding well.

D. She doesn’t want a stranger to plan their wedding.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A(10×1=10分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.

The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.

The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.

Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this

period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.

What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”

【答案】1．searching

2．which

3．are composed

4．as

5．what

6．written

7．to have developed

8．but

9．included

10．oneself/himself

【解析】1．介词about后面接动名词，three young American women是动名词的逻辑主语。故填searching。

2．使用非限制性定语从句，先行词是romanz escrive，指物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词引导，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。故填which。

3．be composed of意为“由……组成”，主语是复数，故填are composed。4．have…as…意为“认为……是……”。故填as。

5．spoke后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。6．使用非谓语动词作定语修饰tales，tales和write是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填written。

7．使用Sb/Sth is thought to have done某人某物已经做了某事。故填to have developed。8．使用not…but…结构，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。

9．主语是Romances of this period“那个时期的爱情小说”，谓语是一般过去时。故填included。10．句意：当一个人开始恋爱的时候，总是开始欺骗自己。使用反身代词，主语是one。故填oneself/himself。

【备注】文章介绍爱情小说起源于罗马和爱情小说的演变过程。

Section B（10×1=10分）

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2018 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to

____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.

According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.

As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einste in’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum （电磁光谱）to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.

“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”

However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?

This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.

One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.

【答案】GHFDI KCBJA

【解析】1．句意：英国物理学家和黑洞理论家Stephen Hawking很快向美国领导的合作表示祝贺，并分享了他对历史性新闻的兴奋。congratulate祝贺。故选G。

2．句意：根据Hawking说，这些结果证实了爱因斯坦的广义相对论的几个非常重要的预测。predictions预言。故选H。

3．句意：随着越来越清晰，这些波纹在空间时间的直接检测，不仅证实了爱因斯坦的著名的一般理论，而且它也让给我们看见一个以前“黑暗”的宇宙。previously以前，事先。故选F。

4．句意：天文学家使用电磁频谱来研究宇宙，但不辐射电磁波谱中的对象将被忽视。unnoticed 未被觉察到的。故选D。

5．句意：引力波提供了一种全新的方式来看待宇宙，而且检测它们的能力有可能彻底改变天文学。potential潜能。故选I。

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