语法填空(纲本)

Read selectively or intensively?

The passage mainly deals with the issue of whether to read selectively or intensively when faced with a wide range of books. According to the author, we should value the ability to pick and choose rather than dip into whatever we can get an access to.

As for the topic, people’s opinions are apparently varied based on different ideas. People who think we should read widely hold the view that the more knowledge we possess, the better understanding we will have of the world. In their eyes, only when we absorb a variety of knowledge can it be possible for us to know more about the world from all perspectives. And common sense always makes us believe that the more knowledge we obtain, the smarter we will be. In contrast, those who think we should be fully aware of what interests and benefits us hold the view that we should learn to select, arguing that there is no point in reading as many books as possible since our time and energy are limited.

As far as I am concerned, I prefer to accept the latter opinion that we should try to pick and choose what can be of real value to us. Admittedly, it is true that we can gain knowledge by reading intensively, but it doesn’t follow that we are supposed to read whatever we can put our fingers on. In this sense, it’s of great significance for us to be able to get concentrated on one or two subjects so that we can be professional in some fields. Only in this way can we achieve our final goal without wasting our time. For instance, why those famous scientists could contribute a lot to the development of science is that they just devoted themselves to one or two fields, which makes them outstanding in certain areas.

To summarize, in terms of reading, I think nobody else can have given us better advice than Francis Bacon, who maintained “some books are to be swallowed, some are to be tasted, and only a few others are to be chewed and digested.”Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that it will be better off if we can read selectively.

(1)

It seems that there is no middle ground____1____ it comes to cats. People either love or hate ___2___. These feelings are not new either. All____3___ history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence ____4_____(find) In tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats____5____ (keep) as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt and India. Cats were at their highest position in ancient Egypt ___6____there were more cats during the time of the pharaohs than anywhere else. However, ____7____ the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in Society took a turn for the worse. ___8____they were associated with the “old Religions”in Egypt and in the Roman Empire, cats won a reputation as helpers Of witches. When a person______9_____ (accuse) of being a witch, a cat would be Put on trial with the person. Usually the cat and the person would end up___10_____(burn) in a bonfire or drowned.

(2)

Without question, one of the most important holidays in many Asian countries is the Mid-Autumn Feast, also__1___ (know) as the Moon Festival in some countries. One Chinese legend tells of a woman____2___ (fly) to the moon after stealing a magical pill from her husband. _____3_____to the legend, the woman remained safely_____4______ (protect) on the moon in the palace of the rabbit ____5____ she was chased after by her husband, trying to shoot her with arrows of light. The date of the Mid-Autumn Feast ____6____(base) on the lunar calendar and is held on the

fifteenth day of the eighth moon. This date usually falls sometime in late August __7___early September, according to the solar calendar. In China as well as in ___8___ countries, this holiday is celebrated by friends and family ____9_____ (exchange) “Moon Cakes”, ____10____paper lanterns are often lit at night.

(3)

Cars __31___(become) necessities for families in the United States until after World War Two. Before that time, cars were seen mainly as toys for__32_ rich. By the end of the war, ____33___, people were tired of saving money and __34__ (limit) their use of items. __35__(like) Europe and Japan, whose industries had been wiped out by the war, factories in the U.S. could be changed____36__ production of wartime items to mass production of ___37___ luxury items as cars. Actually, two___38___ factors also contributed a lot to helping the people of the United States take cars into ___39__ life----low oil price and __40___(drive) roads. (to be continued)

(4)

As cars grew in_____31____ (popular) in the United States, they not only changed people?s lifestyle but also the___32___ they thought. Traditionally, parents were the strongest role models for teenagers___33___ young people spent most of their time in and around the home when out of school. Nevertheless, ___34___ they obtained their own driving license and had an easy___35____ to cars, they began to spend more time ___36__ “cruising” with friends. __37_____, they became ____38___ likely to follow the behavior of their parents but ___39___ of their peers. The term actually refers to the act of driving with the purpose of seeing others while___40______ (see).

(5)

Emily Post, a famous American writer, wrote a book on correct etiquette for people’s social behavior in the 1900s. ___31_______ this book enjoyed great popularity the___32_____ it was published was because many people_______33_____ (raise) in “polite society”although they had struck it_____34___ (rich) through the boom in the American economy just after the World War One. The book_____35_____( mean) to help these new upper-middle class people pass smoothly____36____ their new social circle turned____37____ to be a great success. Actually, it continued to ____38____ (sell) well for the next 20 years. Ms. Post began writing a weekly advice column for newspapers and the column was published in papers _____39_____ the country. Ms. Post died in 1960, ___40__ her book on etiquette is still published with occasional updates under the title The Emily Post Book of Etiquette. Americans continue to turn to this book for advice ___41____ the proper behavior in a variety of social situations.

( 6 ) Marilyn Monroe is certainly one of the most famous screen __________ (actor) in the twentieth century and was known ________ many as the …Blonde Bombshell” and the “Sex Goddess of the Silver Screen”. However, it may come as a surprise ________ this famous actress __________won any major acting awards throughout her 15-year career in the movies. She was never even nominated for an Academy Award. Critics may not ________(think) highly of this screen legend’s acting ability, but the huge number of fans who flocked to see her movies propelled her to _________(famous) and fortune. Marilyn Monroe was actually born with the name Norma Jean Mortenson in 1926. _________ a teenager, Monroe found a job in a parachute

packing factory________ helped her break into show business. ______, a photographer took and published some pictures _____ the young Ms. Mortenson in a magazine, and this moved the young woman into modeling. When she was only sixteen she had a short__________ (marry), lasting only four years. (to be continued)

(7)

__________(hope) to move from modeling into acting, Monroe began trying out for acting jobs and finally she got a one-year contract_________ Twentieth Century –Fox, _________ a casting director at the studios suggested that the young actress ________ (change) her first name to Marilyn. However, even with the new contract, Ms. Monroe’s career ______ an actress didn’t get off to a flying start. She was only given small parts in several films which _________(do) very well at the box office and the studio decided to drop the contract. _________ no money and no work, the actress took an offer to let a photographer take pictures of her without any clothes _______for a calendar. She ___________ ( pay) $50 for her work. Later, after she became famous, this calendar was published again, and it sold over a million copies. The nude photo in the calendar actually helped to increase Ms. Monroe’s popularity __________(phrase) hurt it…(TO BE CONTINUED)

(8)

In 1951, Ms. Monroe met a man who helped her get _____ seven-year contract with the Twentieth Century-Fox again. The studio began putting the actress in movies_________ (play) a “dumb blonde” and she became a hit. Over the next two years, she continued to play the _____ role in six other movies. Then in 1953 she got her________ lead role in the movie Niagara. The movie had a so-so story, but it did well at the box office, which made her a shining star soon. ______her career came to the highest point, Monroe’s private life was not quite________ successful. She had four marriages, all of which ended up________ divorce. Due to all this, her addiction ______ alcohol and sleeping pills began to destroy her career gradually. Actually she_________ (fire) when she was working on the last movie. Two months later, she was found dead_______ an overdose in her apartment

(9)

Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never _________ (wipe) out entirely. ________, control of crime becomes the focus of police and governments around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is “______system of criminal punishment works best for society?”Each country has developed________ own idea for solutions to this question, and these solutions then determine__________ criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current systems_____ use has proven 100 percent ___________ (effect). There are many ideas _________( regard) punishment of criminals. As well as working only to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future, some systems try to deter others in society by using the criminal as an example of _______ can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. The goal of these systems _______ to return a former criminal to society _________a period of treatment and training, usually in prison.

(10)

The purpose of laws is to help people behave themselves and become law-abiding citizens. The _______severe form of all punishment is capital punishment used in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving________ crimes as murder, rape and violent_________ (thief). In these cases, the person is put______ death. Today capital punishment is used in relatively few countries.

Many countries have done away with ________. When looking at the number of crimes ________ (commit), the effectiveness of any of these forms of punishment comes into________. In the United States, for example, 80 percent of the people arrested are young men or boys. Generally, ______ young have less responsibility in society, so they risk losing _________ if they are caught in a criminal activity. However, it can also be argued that today’s youthful criminals __________( fear) the punishment they will

receive ________caught by police. In this sense, __________, current criminal punishment doesn’t serve the __________ of deterring young criminals in the United States. A major problem _______ the current system of rehabilitation in the United States is that most criminals return to __________ after they have supposedly been rehabilitated. Two thirds of those caught by police each year are repeat criminals. As a __________ of this fact, many people feel that rehabilitation of criminals is a _______ (lose) cause.

(11)

The tango is a dance_________ (originate) in Argentina sometime around the last half of the 19th century. Around 1870, Argentina experienced ____ economic boom, _____ this boom was felt especially in the city of Buenos Aires. As a consequence, farmers and ranchers, also________ gauchos in Argentina, rushed into the city hoping to find jobs in the slaughterhouses and the meatpacking industry. _______these jobs didn’t pay well, the gauchos felt lonely and frustrated_______ their new life in the city. A flood of immigrants ________ Spain and Italy also came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. When the restless gauchos and new immigrants mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango_________. Through the _________, these people were able to show a small portion of their___________ troubles. (12) __________(write) records indicate that in 1153 B.C, workers in the city of Thebes, Egypt protested receiving the same food every day as well as their overall rough working ________. This was the first recorded ________ (agree) between labor and management. About 800 years later, the first strike happened. A__________ (Greece) named Aristos, led the strike in Rome _______ his master in protest of meal breaks which were too________. The tradition of organizing workers to protest ______(fair) conditions has continued to the present. Today labor unions stand up_______ the rights of workers using__________ (collect) bargaining techniques. These unions, ______ (exist) all around the world, take two basic forms--------voluntary unions and bureaucratic unions.

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V oluntary or free unions leave the choice of________ (member) up to individuals. Not ________must join the union, but enough people do join so that the union keeps power in the workplace. The ___________ of this type of union is to establish a good living standard for __________(employ) and also to protect this standard during times of economic ____________(difficult). Countries _________this type of union is popular include most of western Europe, Ireland, the United Stated, Canada and so on. Membership in bureaucratic unions is also voluntary, but________ these unions are closely connected _________ political parties in the countries where these unions operate, members of the party naturally include ________ as members of the union. This type of union’s main purpose is to set up good relations _________the ________ (rule) government and members of the union. Political and social reform are the main goal of this type of union. Bureaucratic unions are found in Latin

American and some Asian and ___________(Africa) countries.

(14)

For thirteen centuries Buddhism has been the _________(lead) religion in Thailand, ___________the sculpture of Thailand shows in the___________ (count) images of Buddha found around the country. The anatomical features of Buddhist sculpture came ________actual physical characteristics of the Buddha, yoga traditions and literature. The majority of images ________ runs across in Thailand show the Buddha sitting. _______ all the sculptures , the Emerald Buddha stands out ________ one of the most sacred images in Thailand. This__________ (seat) image of the Buddha is 66CM in height, _________(carve) from green jade and kept in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok. The dress of the Emerald Buddha is changed _______times a year according to the seasons---------summer, winter and the rainy season.

(15)

Most think of the computer _______ a relatively new invention, but the history of computers may be said to have begun _______ the use of abacus. ________ early computing device was the calculating clock________ (invent) by Wihelm Schickard of Germany in the 1500s. Due to the _______(lose) of the plans and model for the device in the Thirty Years’War in Europe, the design____________( know ) to historians until sketches and letters _________(describe) the device were discovered in the 1930s.

The first real _________in computer technology came in the 1940s ________Charles Baggage of England hit on ______ idea of using punch cards as a programming device for his calculating machine designed___________ (measure) the tide. Mr. Baggage _________the idea of punch cards from a similar system used in early sewing machines which sewed patterns onto cloth table________ (cover).

Mr. Baggage died _________ a working version of his machine could be made, ______ his dream machine was never produced. __________, his idea for using punch cards in calculating machines was later taken up by Herman Hollerith of the United States.

(16)

The next big step in computer technology occurred in the 1940s when electronic switches in calculating machines began _________ (use). ________the switches only had two positions, on and ________, binary(二进制) became the new system of programming. Advances came quickly after that. The first generation of computers involved large commercial computers used_______ business and research, ________, lasting from 1952 to 1958, were big and noisy and used large________ of energy, The _________ of transistors led the way for the next generation of computers, namely the__________ generation, lasting from 1959 to 1963. These were smaller in size and used _________ energy. The _________between the third and the fourth generations is not clear, but fourth generation computers used integrated circuit technology and microprocessors

(17)

Since the early 1970s, the computer market___________ (see) very large growth. ________ study in 1970 found that in the United States alone about 80,000 computers ____________ (use) in business and another 30,000 computers could be found in use ________(world) outside of the United States. ______the early 1990s, many people had owned personal computers in their homes. In 1993, the ________of computers being used in the United States exploded to 29 million.

__________the whole world has benefited a lot from the advance of computer technology, one advancement in computers has actually been ___________. In 1982, Jim Hauser, a professor at California Polytechnic State University, worked with one of his students to create a program which could copy ________and be secretly introduced into _________ program or computer, called a computer “worm”. That was _______ the first computer virus was developed. Then, on November 2, 1988, a program created by Robert Morris of the United States infected and crashed 6,000 computers_________ (connect) by the Internet research computer network. Morris was later found __________ of doing harm to government computers.

The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. The poor areas of the city were so crowded ______ people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get ________. The government was interested in finding a way to ease the pressure of people _________ (live) in poor parts of London. If people had a convenient way that they could become ____________ (depend) on to get to and from work, they would ___________ (locate) their homes outside of the city. The plans for building the underground met ______ several problems and delays, _______ the first track was finally opened in January. ___________, the smoke from the engine soon ________ the air in the tunnels with ash and soot, as well as chemical gases. Fans were used to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even ________ its problems, riding the underground ________ catch on. Nowadays, shopping malls ________ (build) in traffic stations _________ riders move from

one train to another have helped the popularity of subways in cities. Stations include department stores, supermarkets, restaurants, and specialty shops. Shoppers never have to go _______ ground!

(18) ROCK AND ROLL

Rock and roll has its origin__________ three different traditions of music. Perhaps the largest influence on rock came from R & B music ___________(popularity) in the southwestern United States ___________ the 1930s and 1940s. Early rock music was also heavily influenced by the gospel and country music of the 1950s. These elements , ________with the typical lyrics focusing _______ teenage concerns such as school, parents, cars, and love, all_________ (combine) to create the music now known as rock and roll. Rock and roll first became popular in 1954, the first true superstar of _________was, of course, Elvis Presley. _________his sexy looks and controversial dancing style, he captured the imagination and hearts of young people around the world. _________no figures have ever been published, he was surely the_______ successful solo artist in history. Over his career from 1956 to 1977, he had all told more than 170 major hit_________ (single) and more than 80 top-selling albums.

In the early 1960s, however, rock and roll suffered a brief decline in_____________ for two reasons. First, Elvis Presley went into the army and____________ (record) for a while. _________, record companies began to try and make rock music more suitable for all music lovers. Record companies tried promoting bland new artists who didn’t attract audiences. Therefore, not ___________ (surprise), audiences failed to flock to these artists as they had_______ Elvis Presley.

20

Every year 2.2 million tons of oil _____1_______(spill) into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small _______2____ (percent) of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil ______3_____ (ship) around the world each year. However, this spilled oil has had terrible effects on ocean life. ____4____these spills , officials will try to discover who or_____5____ was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along

the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled ___6_____a tanker which resulted in terrible damage ____7____ this natural area. It was because the tanker’s captain, who was tired ____8_____overwork and ____9___ (drink) alcohol, gave control of the ship to the third mate, who was______10______ (familiar) with the path the ship was taking, ____11___disaster happened soon, with the ship running onto a huge underwater reef.

21 Development Seeks to Achieve Social Harmony

Social harmony is again to be the theme of the session of the Communist Party Central Committee’s meeting. This is the third time the issue _____1_______(bring up) since September 2004, ____2______(indicate) that social harmony is ____3______primary importance in the eyes of Chinese leaders. It is also a suggestion that this issue is far from _____4_______(solve). They will have to work harder.

Recent years have witnessed a general upsurge in _____5_______(expect) among the Chinese people . Citizens are____6____ aware of their individual rights, and are willing to stand ____7___ to fight against any infringement. At present, national stability is no longer a big issue, and that is ___8____the focus has been elevated to social harmony instead. Social harmony is a complicated issue arising from ______9_______ (balance) regional development, uneven allocation of resources , unfair distribution of income, corruption and deficiencies in Chinese legal system. _____10_____hard they try, these problems cannot be solved overnight. All the above- mentioned problems result from over-emphasis ___11____economic growth and the remedy ____12____in the promotion of “green GDP”. ____13______sense tells us that economic growth is not ___14_______ ; but without it, there is nothing. China has over 20 million young people_____15______(enter) the labor market every year, ____16____, it is estimated that China needs at ___17_____ 7 percent annual growth only to supply them with jobs. Failing this, China would face high____18__ (employ)and achieving social harmony would also be ____19_______. Economic growth and social harmony are not mutually exclusive, instead, ____20___are partners.

22

A latest survey sponsored by the Tianjin Municipal Youth Working Committee sampled students____1____ (age) between 6 and 14, their parents, teachers and principals in ten schools. Too much _____2______has been a long-standing problem plaguing Chinese school students. Chinese ______3______ departments have adopted various policies calling on teachers to _____4_____students’burden. However, many students do not feel any ___5_____unburdened because of high expectations ____6____parents and the pressure of ____7____for college entrance examination held___8____ a year. Some students have lost the confidence in their studies because of those______9_____. Parents also pay much attention to the grades of their children, _____10____ little about their psychological problems and other interests. ____11___survey was also conducted by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to __12_____, around 32 percent of high school students encountered psychological difficulties of one kind or the other. ______13_____(psychology) have warned that an increasing ____14_____of people suffer from psychological problems ____15____ China’s urbanization gathers pace. ____16____(lonely), anxiety and depression are common problems for some urban people and ___17___ (migrate) workers ___18___often live on the fringes of urban society. Cases caused by pressures _____19______(appear) frequently in recent media reports: college students who can’t stand pressures they suffer, migrant workers committing suicide _____20____

failing to obtain overdue wages and members of the social elite falling into mental depression.

23

Violent crime on college campuses has taken a_____1______ (disturb) jump, forcing many schools to make ______2_____(safe) a major concern along with grade inflation and the food in dining halls . Even ____3_____a recent spate(大量) of shootings, new statistics showed that the murder rate on college campuses almost doubled in 2004. Burglary and drug arrests were ____4____ as well. The most recent statistics on campus crime, ____5_____ (release) Friday, come from the U. S. Department of Education. ____6_____ figures for 2004 won’t be out until next January, the 2003 numbers have given a sharper picture of violence on college greens and in dorms, ____7____offers______8_____ (administration) and parents reason for both concern and consolation. The overriding observation from the latest numbers might be _____9____safe schools remain. Despite the increase in the homicide rate, authorities point out_____10____ there was about 0.14 on campus murders per 100,000 students compared with a murder rate in the general population of about 5.5 per 100,000. From social_______11______ (investigate), we find the astonishing status of crime in school. Nearly half of the students have experienced______12______ (threat), beaten and cursed by others, and one out of three has the _____13______of being blackmailed. Worse still, most of the victims _____14____ not tell the truth to their parents, which makes the crime in school run_____15______ (wild).

Napoleon died on May 5,1821, ______ the island of St. Helena. _____ a Swedish doctor examined some of Napoleon’s hair and found a high level of arsenic, a chemical poison, it is doubtful _________ Napoleon was murdered. ________ the battle of Waterloo, he was sent to the island in 1815 and became a _______ (prison). _________ he had servants to attend _______him, he had to live in a small building. So wet is St. Helena ______ the walls of the building were always covered _____ mold. Constantly he had a fever and felt sick to his stomach. He often felt pain _____ his shoulders. _________ of the medicine that the doctors gave Napoleon seemed to help. They were not sure what was the matter. Finally, he was ______ weak to leave the house. One night, while he was sleeping, he went _______ a coma and died.

(54)The Ministry OF Education on Tuesday released some information about Chinese students who went abroad for study in 2006. The information shows__31__ in 2006, some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, 120,000 o(55) A clean air supply is essential to our own health and __31__of the environment. But since the industrial revolution, the quality of air we breathe has worsened __32__(consider)---mainly as a result of human activities. Rising industrial and energy production, the burning of fossil fuel and the dramatic rise in traffic on our roads__33__contribute to air pollution in our towns and cities__34__, in turn, can lead to serious health problems. For example, air pollution is increasingly being mentioned __35__ the main cause of lung conditions such as asthma--- __36__ more people suffer from asthma today compared to 20 years ago.

Since the early 1970s, the European Union has been working to improve air quality by controlling emissions of harmful substances__37__the atmosphere, improving fuel quality and___38__(combine)environmental protection requirements with the transport and energy sections. As the result of EU law, much progress has been made in dealing with air pollutants. However, despite a __39__(reduce) in some harmful emissions, air quality continues to cause

problems. Summer smog---originating in potentially harmful ground-level ozone---regularly go __40___safe limit. Fine particulates also present a health risk which is __41__increasing concern. Clearly, more__42___(need) to be done at local, national, European and international level.

__32__ were self-funded students, __33__ (account) for 90% of the total.

__34__(compare) with that of the previous year, we find the number of students who went abroad for study increased by 15,000, __35__ a rise of 13%. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students __36__came back to China. In 2006, for example, over 4,000 students came back, __37__33,000 of them being self-funded students, 20% __38__in comparison with the year before.

More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, __39__ is supported by the Chinese government. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that ___40___ (encourage) students to study abroad and come back whenever they want. Thus, the number of the students, inspired by this, keeps rising.

Statistics indicate that ___41__China carried out the opening-up policy, __42__ total of one million students have gone abroad for study and come back. These people have made great ___43___(contribute) to China with their work.

(55) A clean air supply is essential to our own health and __31__of the environment. But since the industrial revolution, the quality of air we breathe has worsened __32__(consider)---mainly as a result of human activities. Rising industrial and energy production, the burning of fossil fuel and the dramatic rise in traffic on our roads__33__contribute to air pollution in our towns and cities__34__, in turn, can lead to serious health problems. For example, air pollution is increasingly being mentioned __35__ the main cause of lung conditions such as asthma--- __36__ more people suffer from asthma today compared to 20 years ago.

Since the early 1970s, the European Union has been working to improve air quality by controlling emissions of harmful substances__37__the atmosphere, improving fuel quality and___38__(combine)environmental protection requirements with the transport and energy sections. As the result of EU law, much progress has been made in dealing with air pollutants. However, despite a __39__(reduce) in some harmful emissions, air quality continues to cause problems. Summer smog---originating in potentially harmful ground-level ozone---regularly go __40___safe limit. Fine particulates also present a health risk which is __41__increasing concern. Clearly, more__42___(need) to be done at local, national, European and international level.

The first _________ (organize) system that was used to send messages began in Egypt. The system developed because the pharaohs __________ (frequency) needed to send messages to keep their empire _______ (run) smoothly. Message carriers rode along the road

_________ (stretch) from one end of the Persian Empire to the other. The stations _______riders passed messages back and forth ___________ (build) 23 kilometers apart. It wasn’t until the 1500s ________ a better postal system appeared in Europe. One family, gained the right to deliver mail___________ Europe for 300 years. ________, government controlled postal system finally took_______ private businesses. These early systems remained expensive for public use ______1840 when a man suggested _________ (lower) postal rates. Soon after that many other countries took up his idea.

Most countries welcome tourists because of the money they bring in. Many countries make great efforts to encourage _________ (tour) and depend on it to keep their economies ________ (go). One problem for a nation ______ (wish) to attract tourists is the cost of building hotels. They have to borrow money_____ foreign banks. Another problem is that more __________ (nation) companies are building hotels all over the world, so that the profits often do not stay in the country _______ it has been built. ________ (criminal) can also be a problem. Seeing tourists _________ (rich) than themselves, the

local people ___________ (tempt) to steal from them. Sometimes tourists resist and get ________ (kill).An even greater problem is the effect that the sight of foreigners has _____ the local population. He either develops ________ (jealous) or considers them ________(shame).

Wives who did not smoke but _________ (expose) to their husbands’cigarette developed lung cancer ___ a much higher rate than those of nonsmoking husbands, according to_____ 14-year study in Japan. The study __________ (strong) the idea that the effect of tobacco smoke ______ the nonsmoker, ________ has been called _________ (pass) smoking, can be a cause of lung cancer in the general population. A study _________ (publish) last year suggested that smoking might cause damage to the nonsmokers. Lung cancer is a major health problem ___________ the world. Some experts expect smoking to become the No.1 cancer _________ (kill) of women. Such theories ________ (base) on the knowledge that second-hand smoke of cigarettes holds large amounts of _________ (venom) materials.

Generally, _________ (Canada) are informal and polite in their daily conversation. The rules for _________ (polite) are changed according to different social situations. They prefer to use their first name when meeting friends, ________, a title ______ a last name is often used in formal situations. ________ (call) a man “Sir”is done only in certain circumstances.

Salesmen and waiters _____ serve the public address customers in this way. These forms are used to _________ (get) someone’s attention. When __________ (introduce) take place, shaking hands is usually followed, but much depends on different people’s ____________ (prefer). A one-meter conversational distance is usual. Any _______ (close) than this , a person may feel uncomfortable and uneasy.

Cosmetic surgery ________ (aim) at improving the way a person looks enjoys more popularity than before in the United States. Whether men or women are ________ to the treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as ____________ (compete) in their jobs. _________ companies downsize and move younger employees into higher positions, those in their late forties and early fifties feel the _______ to look and act younger in order to stay. A younger look ________ cosmetic surgery may give an older employee a few _________ years on the job. These operations are not ________ dangers, however. For example, a young woman who had an eye _________ to get rid of her eye bags described her experience _________ terrible. While in operation, she was fully awake, seeing the doctor _________(scrape) away fat underneath her eyes, which ___________ about ten minutes. Since then, her troubles have never come to an __________. Her eyes become __________ (swell) and almost completely closed, and she cannot walk. Even dark glasses cannot hide the side ___________ of the operation.

语法填空(1)

In many parts of the world, people tell folk stories about magic spiders, of which the Anansi stories native to the Ashanti tribe in Ghana are the most famous. Two hundred years ago when people_____1_____(travel) from Ghana to the New World, they took the

stories____2____them, The Ashanti stories are about a trickster spider who told a lot of stories. In folk stories, a trickster is a small ___3___ very clever animal who, ___4____ the name suggests, plays jokes or tricks __5___ larger, more powerful animals. Tricksters use ____6_____ intelligence and humor to get what they want. According to the legend, Anansi the spider earned his story __7___catching a leopard some dangerous hornets and a python. Normally, a spider wouldn’t stand___8___ chance against these animals, but Anansi figured out____9___ to trap them.

Animal trickster stories have been passed on for ____10____(generation). The stories help people understand each other and ___11___ teach correct ways to act towards others. People of all ages like to listen to them because they are funny and they like the ____12_____ the small spider is the hero of the stories. For example, whenever___13____(get) into all kinds of difficult situations, the trickster always succeeds in the end.

(2)

Cairo, May 25, 1998 After ten years of hard work by archaeologists, most of the restoration work __1___ the Sphinx has come to _____2_____(completely) so far. A big celebration ___3___(hold) today to mark the achievement.

Important people from many nations attended, in___4____ to thousands of Egyptians, for whom the Sphinx is ____5_____than a monument; it is a symbol of their culture. They also hope that the multimillion dollar project will bring _____6_____(tour) to benefit the economy. In an interview___7____this newspaper, Dr. Zahi, the archaeologist____8___ (run) the project, said that the Sphinx had been repaired before, but ___9____ some parts of it continue to have problems. Earlier workers used such artificial materials ____10____ concrete, which has hurt the natural limestone material from which the monument was made. Besides, the air pollution in the local environment has caused ____11____problems.

(3) BLOGGING

When important events happen around the world, most people usually turn to traditional media sources such as CNN and BBC, _____1_____their news. However, since the invasion of Iraq ____2_____the United States and its allies in early 2003, ____3____an Iraqi citizen first wrote diaries about everyday life in Baghdad and posted ____4____on his web site, “Blog”, short for “web-log”, has become popular. A blog differs from a traditional web site in several ways. Most importantly, it is updated much____5____regularly. Many blogs are updated every day, and some several times a day. ____6_____, most blogs use special software or web sites specifically ___7___ (aim) at bloggers, so you don’t need to be a computer expert ___8_____(creation) your own blog. This means that ordinary people who _____9____find computers difficult to use can easily set up and start writing their own blog. In 2003, the Internet Company AOL introduced their own blogging service, enabling____10____ 35 million members to quickly and easily start blogging. Many people are in the belief that ____11____blogs become more common, news reporting will rely___12___ on big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the Internet.

(4) Coming from the Bronx, Jennifer Lopez knew from an early age__1__would be tough to achieve her dream. In an interview in 2002 she remembered,”I had such a will in me. I had such a passion ___2___ me. I could overcame my poor situation. But a lot of will be beaten down and ___3___ (hold) back by that. ”Indeed, she____4_____ (be). She worked hard dancing, singing and acting in theatres, ______5_____ paid off with small roles in television and films. Lopez’s

big breakthrough came in 1996 when she played the main role in the movie Selena. For this movie, she got $1 million and became the highest ____6_____(pay) Latin actress of all time. Since then, she has had starring roles in several successful movies. _____7_____, she turned her attention toward music. In 1999, she released her____8_____album, On the 6. Two songs from the album, “If You Had My Love” and “Waiting For Tonight,”both reached No. 1 on the Billboard music charts. The album was a huge success, selling over 3 million copies all over the world. After starring in The Cell, Lopez released her second album, J. Lo, in 2001. The album went straight to the top of the Billboard chart. At the same time that her album came_____9_____, Lopez’s new movie, The Wedding Planner, also became the number one at the box office. This meant that Lopez was the first entertainer to ever have a number one album and a number one movie at the same time! In an interview, Lopez was asked _____10_____she planned to do more acting, singing, designing, or something new. She answered, “Yes, yes, yes, and yes! I think everyone should do everything they have a passion_____11_____. “

(5)

Many people have to work on the weekend. Some people don’t mind, while other people ____1____, thinking it is terrible. Graham Coates is one of those who ____2___ (hold) the view that working on the weekend ____3_____be dangerous. ____4___ Saturday in May in 1986, he went to the office to do some work as usual. ____5_____, when he got on the elevator, it stopped_____6______floors. _____7______(able) to get out of the elevator, Mr. Coates began to shout, but nobody heard him. Then he remembered that it was a holiday in England, so no one was coming to work until Tuesday! There was nothing for Mr. Coates to do but ___8_____(wait). ____9____nothing to eat or drink, Mr. Coates ended up sleeping for most of the time. Early on Tuesday morning when the elevator was opened, Mr. Coates had been in the elevator for 62 hours! Now he says, “I only use elevators if ____10_____have telephones in them.”

6 The You of Yesterday

Learning from our mistakes and picking ____1_____up from defeat should be our way. We go through loving and____2____ (love), tears and smiles. Our experiences of joy and pain in our past contribute to ____3_____we are today. From the time of our infancy, our subconscious mind has recorded the affections , emotions, pains and joys of childhood. Perhaps ____4____ a little child you were told you weren’t good enough, or___5____you should be___6__like your brother or sister or even the neighbor’s child. No___7___these comments, whether intentional or not, hurt------especially if ____8_____(come) from your parents. When this happens, an indelible scar is left. We are always attempting in vain to please, looking for control, fearing__9__ (abandon), and seeking approval. All of these ways of dealing with people, with the world ___10___ us, create a battle in our hearts and in our minds. Three of the most common ways we perpetuate a vicious cycle of inner chaos are: looking to others for validation, expecting

that ____11___ will act as we desire, and trying to be something we are not.

The inner chaos results in a constant repetition of “if only…”; If only I had ___12____ money…”“If only I were prettier, thinner, happier…”On and on it goes. There is ___13____ enough.

The roots of ____14____(satisfaction) can be found in your past. While we can not rewrite the past, we can change ___15___ we deal with our inner demons, fears and insecurities related to past experiences.

However, the choice is ___16___. The rewards can be innumerable if, on your path to ___17____(find) peace of mind, you truthfully look ___18____ your past with forgiveness and confidence, knowing that you can wrap up your worries and “if onlys”in a little private gift box____19___ (address) to you alone. You can then put this imaginary gift box on a shelf in the far corner of your mind, barely visible, in___20___way interfering with who you are today and what you will become tomorrow. It’s time to put your past ___21___you.

(7) Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect-----or heating of the earth __31___ increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ___32____ we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide ___33____ oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within next century, ___34____(warm) the earth by as much as 4.5 degreeees. The result?

A partial melt-down polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet; even 25 feet could threaten anyone living____35___35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Maybe. ___36___scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can it affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the tiny quantity of listed tropical forests above and the ___37____ (abundance) wondrous products ____38___ which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, that next discovery could be ___39____cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to ____40____(feed) the hungry or fueling our world for centuries to come.

(8) Windy was six years old when I first met her on the beach near ____31____I live. I drive to this beach, a distance of three or four miles, whenever the world begins to close in on me.

She was building a sand castle or___32____ and looked up, her eyes as blue as the sea. “Hello,”she said. I answered __33__ a nod, not really in the mood to bother with a small child, ___34__ I was depressed at that time: my mother was seriously ill and my life seemed completely __35__ of balance. Just then, a sandpiper flew by. “That’s a joy,”she said. “It’s what?”“It’s a joy. My mama says they come to bring us joy.”The bird went___36___(fly) down the beach. That day the girl kept talking merrily with me, which __37___make me forget about my__38__(worry). Three weeks later, I rushed to the beach in a state of near panic. I was in ___38___ mood to greet Windy when she caught up with me. “Look, ___39___you don’t mind”, I said crossly, “I’d rather be alone today.”She seemed unusually pale and ___40___(breath). “Why?”she asked. I turned on her and shouted,”Because my

mother died!”and thought, My God, why was I saying this to a little child? “Oh,”she said quietly, “then this is a bad day.”“Yes, and yesterday and the day before that and----oh, go away!”“Did it hurt?”“Did what hurt?”I was exasperated with her, with myself. “When she died?” “Of course it hurt!” I shut her up and strode off.

A month or so after that, when I went to the beach once again, she wasn’t there. Feeling guilty, ashamed and admitting to myself I missed her, I went up to the cottage, which she had told me she and her mama lived in and knocked at the door. A drawn-looking young woman opened the door. “Hello,”I said, I’m Ruth Peterson. I missed your little girl today and wondered where she was.”“Oh, yes, Mrs. Peterson, please come in. Wendy talked of you so much. I’m afraid I allowed her to bother you. If so, please accept my apologies.”“Not at all---she’s a delightful child,”I said, suddenly realizing that I meant it. “Where is she?”“Wendy died last week, Mrs. Peterson. She had leukemia. Maybe she didn?t tell you.”

(9) When the US TV station CBS needed someone to co-present ___31____(cover) of the Apollo

11, 12 and 15 lunar missions, they didn’t approach a scientist ___32___a news commentator. They chose a science-fiction writer, __33__award-winning author of over 80 books, who had won the respect of __34___the scientific community and the general public.

He was Arthur Clarke, born in Minehead in 1917 and ___35__ (attend) Huish’s Grammar School in Tauton where he bought his first science fiction magazine as a boy___36(age) 11, Amazing Stories---a purchase that was to change his life. ___37___set him off on a journey that saw him become one of the world’s most___38___(celebration) science fiction writers.

___39___he was to attain literary fame, he spent time in the real world. While working___40___a radar instructor and technician with RAF, he suggested that such technology could be used to enable instant worldwide communications. (to be continued)

(10)The Secret of American Colleges and Universities’Success

For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been __31__backbone of the country’s progress. ___32___ have educated the technical, managerial and professional work force and provided generation____33___generation of national leaders. Their unparalleled ___34___(capable) for research has put the United States at the cutting edge of science, humanities and social sciences. ___35___this vast network of universities, the nation would never have achieved__36__current preeminence.

The decentralization, diversity, academic freedom and shared governance ___37___have evolved over the past two centuries __38___(make) America’s system of higher education one of the most ___39__(access) and democratic in the world. And that’s ___40__ educators today from around the globe are turning to U.S institutions of higher learning for inspiration. They are apt to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities, of which four historic acts stand out as watersheds.

(11) Scientists studying a wild breed of sheep said they had discovered ___31__makes the body’s clock tick. The researchers said their study, __32___(publish) in Current Biology, was important for understanding why some people put __33__weight and become depressed in the winter months. They found __34__ way certain genes interacted with each other, which in turn was affected by the length of the day, ___35___(cause) changes in individual cells in the brain. The body’s seasonal clock, both in humans and animals, affects mood, appetite and energy levels. __36___the long winter evening draws in, many people find __37__ mood alters. People with seasonal disorder can be treated by using light boxes___38___they are exposed to high doses of artificial light to mimic(模仿) the brighter spring and summer mornings. Scientists already knew that “clock genes”act as the body’s time-keepers and when they switch on and off determines such matters ___39___when we wake up or feel hungry. The lead scientist, Gerald Lincoln, said that different genes may account for how people__40__ (affect) by the season.

(12) Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’home in Missouri __31___ Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, __32__ I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register, I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. Then I took off, but had gone only a few miles __33___black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and was wondering __34__ to do when a car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I__35__ (speak) to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my___36___ (friend). We chatted on the way into the city and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card. I wrote him

and his wife__37__thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them, __38__(come)with it was their note that said helping me had made their holidays meaningful. Whenever I was helped, I never failed to say “Thank you”---__39__powerful words. They are easy to say and mean so ___40___.

(13) Hobbies are activities in which people participate for __31__ (amusing). A hobby can be almost___32___. Music, sports, collecting stamps, cooking, keeping pets are enjoyed by millions of people. Regardless of his age, position __33__income anyone may follow a satisfactory hobby. __34__goes without saying that hobbies add fullness to life. __35__ with fascinating hobbies need not worry about what to do with their leisure hours. Every hobbyist __36__tell some unforgettable and rewarding experience. Rare object___37___(collect) could find value in collections that go a half step beyond the conventional. A sound hobby can help you develop a certain skill. You may start as an outsider and end as an expert. People take up hobbies___38___these activities offer knowledge and relaxation. ___39___(turn)dull moments into delightful ones, hobbies can help let out emotions and reduce tension. By slipping into a fantasy world hobbyists avoid troubles around them. Therefore, they usually keep a healthy mind and a sunny character. In a sense a hobby is ___40___(much) like a special lifetime company, which paints daily life__41___(color).

(14)

Long, long ago, in a faraway place, an old tribal chief found himself terminally ill. So he summoned three most _31_ (promise) young villagers to his bedside and said, “__32__ I’m leaving you soon, I hope you can do one thing __33__ for me. I’d like you to climb that high mountain _34_ we have always been worshipping as a sacred place and come back to tell me about your findings.”Three days later, the first young man _35_(return) smartly dressed and told him what he had seen before. _36_ did the second young man a week later. A month_37_(pass), everybody began to worry about the safety of the third young man. However, he finally showed _38_, hobbling along in rags. His hair was off-colored and his lips parched, but his eyes were clear and bright. The young man succeeded in reaching the summit, yet told the chief that there was nothing but wailing highland wind and the blue sky hanging over the land.

Then he added that at the summit he felt how ___39___ (significant) he was in the infinite universe and how sorrowful he was____40____ the thought of heroes through ages. Hearing this, the old tribal chief said, “According to our tradition, you are undoubtedly made __41__ new tribal chief. My best wished to you!”

(15) The Cab Ride I’ll Never Forget

Twenty years ago, I drove a cab__31__a living. Once, in the middle of the night I arrived for a pick up at a building that was dark except __32_ a single light in a ground floor window. __33__ these circumstances, many drivers would just honk once or twice, __34__(wait) a minute, then drive away. But I __35__(see) too many impoverished people who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation. __36___a situation smelled of danger, I always went to the door. This passenger might be __37___ who needed my assistance, I reasoned to __38__. So I went to the door and knocked. “Just a minute,”answered __39__frail, elderly voice. I could hear something___40___(drag) across the floor. After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman __41__her 80’s stood before me. She was wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat with a veil pinned on it, like somebody out of a 1940s movie…

(16) Five Facts About Highway Safety

The frequency of motor vehicle crashes__31__(decline)over the past years---in part because of safer cars and__32__(tough) drunk-driving laws. But we are still not _33_ safe on the highways as most of us want to be. A motor vehicle death occurs on the average of once __34__13 minutes; an injury, six seconds. And motor vehicle crashes are still the__35__(lead) cause of death among Americans under 37 years of age.

Safety on the highways is not totally out of our hands. Here are five ways we__36__protect ourselves when we travel.

When your parents said you were safer in a larger car, __37__ were right. People in small cars are injured more often and more severely than people__38__(travel) in large cars. Manufacturers of small cars are building in more safety, __39___helps. But the mix of large and small cars on the road is the key factor of the problem. __40__good the safety features on a small car are, it’s at a serious disadvantage in a crash.

(17) Grace writes about the lives of New Zealand’s indigenous people, the Maoris. Her father was a Maori and __31__her mother was of Irish heritage, she had always identified herself to herself __32__ Maori.

The Maoris make __33__ 14 percent of the total population of the country, yet suffer disproportionately the effects of__35___ (poor), discrimination, under-education and unemployment. Fifty percent of New Zealand’s prison population, for example, __36__ (be) Maoris.

Grace was the only Maori child in her school__37__ her family was also the only one in the neighborhood. So even __38__she feels she was a “privileged and indulged child,”__39__ (raise) in a family “that seemed to see in me someone who could do___40___that she wanted to do,”Grace said things __41__the family were “not so good”for her.

(18) Insomnia Leads Her to Write

Grace, who became a private school teacher after leaving secondary school, travelled with her husband__31__New Zealand teaching in small, rural schools. She was in her mid-twenties, living in a remote area of the country, and pregnant __32__her third child when she began writing. With the pregnancy__33___ (come) insomnia, and she got down to __34__(occupy) herself by writing during the long hours of the night. Grace joked, “I had four __35__children after that, __36__i could keep on writing.”

Her __37__inspiration came from the Pen Women’s Club, which sponsored writing ___38___(competitive). Grace’s entries began to appear in various small magazines, __39__they were noticed by a publisher. Her first book of short stories came __40__ in 1975.

(19)

The Near Extinction of the American Bison Through Overhunting

When the first European explorers came to North America in the late 1400s, many native Americans depended heavily on bison for __31__(survive). The meat was important in their diet. The skin was used __32___ their housing and clothes. In the 1500s, __33__60 million and 125 million grass-eating American bison roamed over much of the continent. Their numbers were so large __34__were thought to be inexhaustible. By 1906, however, the American bison nearly___35___(drive) to extinction, mostly because of overhunting and__36__(lose) of habitat.

__37__ European settlers moved west after the American Civil War, the balance between Native Americans and bison__38__(upset). Native Americans began killing bison__39__large numbers so that they__40__sell the skins to settlers for steel knives and firearms.

(20) Making a Difference

What do a 15-year-old high school sophomore named Tanja V ogt and Thomas Paine have in common? The answer is that __31__ inspired major changes in their societies by writing an essay.

In October1988, V ogt—__32__student at West Milford High School in New Jersey—read an article in her local newspaper that disturbed__33__. The article __34___(report) that the Board of Education had decided to use polystyrene trays in the lunchroom because they were__35__expensive than paper.

V ogt knew from her science class that polystyrene__36__have harmful effects on the environment. __37__ the first place, it is not biodegradable, __38__(mean) it can’t be broken down by natural biological processes. __39__, some polystyrene products release gases called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the air, which will break down the__40__ (protect) ozone layer of the atmosphere.

__35___Manet was frequently in the company of members of the Impressionist Group----Berthe Morisot, Degas, and Monet __36___particular, and they regard him as a leader, he had no wish to join__37___ group. He was __38__ (nature) irritated by the critics’tendency to confuse him with Monet. Manet’s stylistic discoveries, such as “there are not lines in Nature”, which led to his abandoning of the conventional outline and his shaping the forms __39__ means of color and subtle gradation of tints, decisively_40_ (influence) the Impressionists, but their representation of light and optical reactions to color were different.

(41)Wrestling

With the possible exception of track and field (athletics), wrestling is the most ancient sport known to have been continuously practised ___31___(competition). Wrestling was introduced into the ancient Olympics in 708 BC, shortly ___32___the Games’recorded history began in 776 BC. Wrestling pre-dates the ancient Olympic Games. It was a much more violent, punishing sport in the early days, ___33___it had closer ties to military training. Wrestling spread through the Roman world, as well as __34__ early civilizations in India, Japan, China and throughout the Middle East. It’s also said that cave drawings of wrestlers from 3,000BC in the Sumero-Akkadian civilization __35__(find).

Wrestling all but died out with the Olympic Games in the Dark Ages. ___36___, when the modern Olympic Games resumed in Athens in 1896, __37__ was natural that the organizers searching for sports__38__roots in antiquity looked to wrestling, __39__ was the showpiece event of those Olympics, much as the 100-meter final is in the modern Olympics. Wrestling was

on the program at the first modern Olympics in 1896, and 1900 was the only year that wrestling didn’t feature on the program at all. In 1904, __40__ second wrestling event, called “freestyle”, was added to the Olympics, along with Greco-Roman wrestling. Women began competing in wrestling at the Olympics in 2004, with the freestyle __41__the only event.

(42)

William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has _31_ known. __32__his 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature---a master who has also been given the highest praises by various scholars and critics the world over. In the past 4oo years, books and essays on Shakespeare and his works have kept coming __33___in large quantities. Ben Jonson

once wrote a poem eulogizing Shakespeare as being “not of an age, __34__for all time.”

Shakespeare’s greatness__35__ a playwright and the success of his plays on the stage from Elizabethan England to the present-day world chiefly __36__(depend) upon his penetrating exposition of human nature, __37__ lively paintings of human life and his truthful reflections of human reality. His works provide us __38__ a vivid and authentic panorama of his age. All this, for Shakespeare, has been achieved through his unremitting endeavors in bringing about his lofty ideal of humanism and his painstaking efforts in mastering various techniques.

He is not only a master of English language but a genius of character portrayal and plot____39____ (construct). No wonder G.L. Evans writes in a bookthat “no one has ever excelled Shakespeare in the writing of dramatic poetry; no one has challenged his mastery of dramatic form, his __40__(deep) of characterization, his versatility in plot, theme and expression.”

(43) __31___(surprise) little is known __32__ the life of William Shakespeare, the greatest dramatist in England, who was born into a merchant’s family in Stratford-on-Avon, a small but important market town. __33__the exact date of his birth is unknown, there is a record that he was christened William on 26th April,1564. His father, John Shakespeare, who was __34__(variety) described as glover, wool-dealer, farmer, and butcher, was a man of some substance in the town, repeatedly__35___ (serve) as a member of the town council, though his fortunes seemed to have waxed and waned. It is probable that William _36_(educate) at Stratford Grammar School, where he picked__37__the “small Latin and less Greek. His real teachers were nature and its people that __38__(surround) him. Stratford is a charming little village in beautiful Warwickshire, and near at hand were the Forest of Arden, the old castles of Warwick and Kenilworth. All this is __39__is artistically reproduced in Shakespeare’s writings; and the characters created by Shakespeare more or less

Originated from the nobility and the littleness of the people around him, together with __ 40__virtues and vices, their dreams and realities, their happiness and miseries, and their gossips and prejudices.

44) In modern times we are exposed to a vast quantity of advertisements in our daily life. Every day we pass by advertisements in various public places. At home, we see __31__ in magazines and newspapers and in the middle of our favorite TV programs. Even some casual garments we wear have brand names __32__(attach) to them which turn us _33__walking ads. With so many messages from advertisers ___34__(fill) our daily lives, it is important to understand __35__ advertisements work. Only in this way can we avoid__36__ (control) by them. An advertisement is a message or announcement__37_ informs or influences people. ___38___persuade people to do something, advertisements often appeal/cater to our hopes and dreams or our emotions. Some ads appeal to people’s Desire to save money. ___39___are more likely to be noticed if they are funny. Ads that feature rich and famous people will grab the attention of those who admire them. Some ads, like the environmental protection advertisements, appeal to our conscience or our desire to be ___40____(worth) citizens.

45) ____31___ reaching the right audience with the right technique, advertisers must also place their ads in the right medium. Obviously, cost will play a big part in this decision. As well as worrying about the expense, ___32___(advertise) will also consider which media are __33__appropriate for their products and which their target audience is most likely to see or hear. __34__good an advertisement is, people are unlikely to be persuaded __35__the product

is suitable for them. For example, no matter how good an ad for a car stereo system is, people ___36___cars are unlikely to buy one. __37___, even really good advertising will never persuade you to buy products and services you have no use __38___. On the other hand, __39__ constantly exposed to ads can help to change our opinions __40___ time. This is ___41___governments all over the world pay a lot of money for ads on such things___42___road safety. They believe that these adverts will affect the way people drive and will subsequently reduce the number of road accidents.

46) Generally speaking advertisers go to a lot of trouble and expense to make ads __31___they want to persuade people to behave in certain ways. Unfortunately, not __32__ advertisers are good or honest. __33__we have ways to protect ourselves, these dishonest advertisers will use false or unsuitable advertising to mislead us. Fortunately, many countries have made laws to forbid ads___34___ (show) at inappropriate times or in unsuitable places. For example, in some countries advertising alcoholic drinks or tobacco __35___ (ban) altogether. Advertisements making false statements about their products or promoting immoral behavior are__36__ forbidden. However, despite these laws and a code of ethics, some bad ads __37__ get made. This is why many countries have a government organization dealing with _38___(complain) from consumers. On the other hand, __39___ a consumer, he or she should also be responsible for checking the product___40___ buying. That’s what we call “Buyer Beware”.

47) Optimism Helped Us Persevere

___31__(leave) behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what ___32___ (lie) ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear__33__ we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first ___34___(make) us feel low and discouraged. __35___ it was not for long. There was nothing __36__ a good dinner of penguin and some dynamic music to make a man feel__37___ cheerful again. Life now fell into __38___ regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice, which becomes fresh water suitable for drinking after standing for a period of time __39___salt disappears. But melting the ice was a problem. __40___ no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. __41__ had the advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds and we could eat the__42__ (remain) when the fire died down.

48) THE THREE DAUGHTERS OF THE KING

A long, long time ago, there was a king who ruled over the southwest part of England. One day, the king asked __31__ three daughters how much they loved him. Two of them said they loved him more than___32___on the earth. The third daughter chose not to flatter her father with___33__ (honest) claims. ___34__, she told him she loved him only as much as her duty ___35___ a daughter required. Thus, the king, who was not a very good judge of character, __36___(believe) the two deceitful daughters and gave them his kingdom. Later, the honest daughter___37__ (make) to leave his kingdom. At first, the king lived with his eldest daughter with a hundred soldiers, but the daughter demanded that he __38__(reduce) the number of his soldiers by 50 %. __39_(anger) and unhappy, the king went to his second daughter. To his disappointment, this daughter was no different, reducing his soldiers_40_ 25. In this way the king struggled between his two daughters__41__he had no soldiers at all. The youngest

THE THREE DAUGHTERS OF THE KING

daughter, hearing what __42___(happen) to her father, gathered together an army, defeated her two sisters and put the king back on his throne. When the king died peacefully __43__ his sleep, the daughter became queen.

(49) The chimp didn’t feel well. She slumped over, ignoring the other wild chimpanzees. Here, in Tanzania, Africa, not even a mound of termites could perk her up. Finally, __31_ sick chimp crawled over to a bush and picked some leaves, swallowing the juicy parts and __32__ (spit) out any stringy bits. By the next afternoon, the chimp was as good as new! Biologists watching the chimp were surprised. Somehow, the plant __33__(cure)the chimp! Did the chimp know the plant would make her feel better __34_ was it just a lucky accident? Many scientists don’t think it has__35___ to do with luck. They’re discovering that some animals seem to use plants to cure__36__. And these animals are leading scientists to new plants __37__could cure humans! Dr. Richard Wrangham, an anthropologist at Harvard University, agrees that animals may know something we don’t __38__forest plants. Wrangham got to know chimps __39__studying them for three years in Tanzania. Now he can rattle off their favorite foods. “You must know a lot

about an animal’s feeding habits to know____40___it doesn’t consider food.”Wrangham explains.

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2014-2019年高考英语语法填空真题及答案

2014-2019 高考语法填空真题 1.(2019 全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000- 25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____________________________________________________________ 70 ____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2.(2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “ Woman Of The Year ”__ f_o6r 1___(be) Britain 's oldest- tfiumlle employee —still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield , ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire 's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement , p”rou adw Iarerdne ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said , “ I don ' t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to. ” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It 70 '(wso nder). ”