2014年高考英语二轮专题大演练(听力理解)

2014年高考英语二轮专题大演练(听力理解)

高考英语

2014-01-29 1129

2014年高考英语二轮专题大演练(听力理解)

听力理解

听力应试技巧

影响英语听力的因素有语音、词汇、语速、语调、重音、句法等语言因素，以及文化背景、记忆力和应试心理等非语言因素，考生要克服这些障碍，只有强化训练，才会有重大突破。因此，为了有效地提高听力水平与听力应试能力，必须多听多练。但依靠大量练习是不够的，还需要掌握正确的方法与技巧，从而更有效的提高听力训练的效率。

听力应试技巧基本上分两个部分第一部分就是我们通常讲的预测、模糊、笔记与排除四大方法。

预测，就是在听音前根据卷面信息预测确定听音重点；在听音过程中根据关联词预测，根据上一句预测下一句。

模糊，就是要把握语篇的意义，把重点放在听中心思想、主旨与说话人的意图上，而不是辨别单个词义上，尤其是在遇到不熟悉的词或短语时，不要紧张，要学会放弃。有的学生在听力测试时，希望把每一句话，每一个单词都听得清清楚楚，明明白白，事实上没有这个必要的。

笔记，就是根据题目要求有针对性的记下特定的信息，以克服听懂了但记不住，从而影响答题的正确率。

排除，就是根据自己的感觉与背景知识，排除不太可能的选项，例如文中完全没有提到的选项、与文中陈述完全相反的选项、与全文内容或句子意义无关的选项、不符合一般的逻辑与常识的选项等。排除法可用在听音前与听音后两个阶段。

听力应试技巧的第二部分就是掌握解决不同类型设问的技巧。下面就高考听力题所考查的几个方面的内容进行总结并对每一类题型的解题方法和技巧进行说明，相信会有助于提高学生的解题能力。

一、行为的判断

这类题型的检测点集中在过去、现在与未来的行动方面.

1．判断选择谈话者采取什么行为或预测下一步的行为。通常谈话中会提供多个行动，这种听力的重点应放在所做的事情及此事对谈话者的影响，判断说话者想干什么，不想干什么，从而做出选择。

2．有时谈话者会描述他的行为，考生需从他的描述中判断他到底想干什么。3．谈话者中的一方对另一方提出的建议以帮助对方决定下一步的行为或者是谈话一方主动向另一方提供帮助等。这种谈话必然涉及多种行为，解题时一定要注意动作的发出者是哪一方，遇到的是什么问题，建议的是哪种行为，不要混淆。这种题目的难度较高，有的要考生全面理解对话的内容。

设问方式包括：

What did the man do last night?

What is the man doing now?

What does the man ask Susan to do?

What is the woman going to do?

How does the man + v…? 等多种形式。

特别提示

根据设问来确定听音的重点，是一种有效的方法。

二、数字题

数字题的检测点主要有时间、价格、运算、电话号码等。

数字题经常出现，但考生的答对率却不高，考生在这方面的缺点主要表现在：1．对数字的表达方式还不够熟悉，如an hour and a half behind schedule = to miss…by an hour and a half = an hour and a half late = late by one hour and a half = to be delayed for an hour and a half;

2．答题技巧的运用不够熟练；

3．不能排除同音和近音的干扰，如eight thirty表示830，eighteen thirty 表示1830。

高考听力试题中关于数字题的设问通常有两种类型：

1）利用同音和近音的干扰来设计，这种题目较容易。

2）正确的答案不是直接能听到的数字，通常是信息上与其相同或相近，或是换了一种表达方式，或是要对数字进行简单的运算，这种题目的难度较高。

特别提示：

1．要听清楚这些数字及它们之间的关系。例如就时间题而言，在把握时间表达法的基础上，首先要听清时间与发生时间之间的关系（关注与时间有关的副词），尤其要注意时间上的提前和推后，然后再进行正确的换算。

高频词汇 more/ less late/ early fast/ slow before/ after 2．注意表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词，数字词的加减关系由它们决定。

高频词汇 be have start/

begin spend miss/postpone leave increase/add decrease borrow lend

设问方式包括：

When…?

What time…?

What day…?

On what time…?

How long…?

How much…?

How old…?

How soon…?

How many…?

How often…?

How far away…? 等多种形式。

三、地点题

地点题可分为确认地点与猜测地点。

1．认地点一般指谈话中会出现多个地点或方向指示，要求考生从选项之中挑选。

特别提示：

当谈话中涉及场所提问时，原文中必提到该地点，这时应注意听清介词后的场所。

2．猜测地点的关键是要抓住对话中的关键词语，但有些词语并未明确表示事件发生的地点，而是暗示了事件发生的地点或说话的地点。

特别提示：

关键是熟悉与某些特定场所相关的单词和短语，尤其与school, library, restaurant, hospital, hotel, store/ supermarket, station, street, home, office, bank等多种场所相关的词汇与短语。

设问方式包括：

Where…?

Which place…? 等多种形式。

四、职业与人物间的关系

这类题型主要考察谈话一方所从事的职业判断或要求考生判断谈话双方间的关系。

特别提示：

熟悉与职业、身份相关的关键词和对话双方见面时常用的客套话；

判断人物之间的关系并不难，只要根据说话内容、语气、行为、态度就能辨别出人之间的身份关系，尤其是说话的语气，因为不同的语气决定了不同人物的身份和关系，如夫妻、师生、病人、店主和顾客、老板和秘书等。

注意地点状语，它有时也会暗示正确答案。平时应注意积累和总结。如听到dentist, prescribe, pill/ tablet就知道和医生有关；听到selling season 就知道和销售员有关。

做这类题时应特别注意动词及称呼，还有留意是否使用敬语。如please则只能用于陌生人或有地位差别的人之间，不同职业的人用语不同：waitress会谈到menu, food, order, wine等；a policeman会说tickets, driving license, lights等。

总之，了解和熟悉人物职业特征和对话关系是正确理解此类对话的关键。有必要记一些地点和与职业身份方面的有关的词汇。

设问方式包括：

Who is the man?

What is the man?

What is the man’s profession?

What do you think the man can most probably be?

What is the relationship…?

What do you suppose the two speakers mostly are? 等多种形式。五、因果关系判断题

因果关系判断题包括直接询问原因与间接询问原因两种类型。第一类相对较容易，第二类较难，需要听懂整段对话的含义，才能从中体会出原因。

就第二类试题而言，有时对话中有表示原因的连词、介词、介词短语或动词，有时则没有，这时就需要从语气或从对话内容中推测。

特别提示：

注意各连接词后面的内容，当原因掩藏于对话中时，要注意语气，以及一些关键词。注意but后面的内容，往往它才是真正的原因。

判断事件的来龙去脉，理清其因果关系，或是对事件做出合理理解，仅从一个短语或一个句子的表面来判断显然是不够的。应站在高处关注语篇，理解听力材料的大意，在此基础之上再去捕捉具体的信息。

设问方式包括：

Why…?

What is the reason…? 等多种形式。

六、态度与评价题

判断双方或一方谈及的事物所反映出来的态度及做出的评价，是赞赏、反对、关心、厌恶、还是喜欢等。

特别提示：

解题时首先根据选项确定听力的重点，然后再在记录下的内容的基础上做出必要的推理，这与行为的判断类似。比如态度题的选项中包含反映人的态度的形容词，如impatient, bored, satisfied, relaxed等。其次特别注意代词是it, he, she还是they，即尽早把握考查的是男士、女士，还是他们共同对某事的态度，从而决定关注的重点。

设问方式包括：

How does the man feel about…?

What does the man think of…? 等多种形式。

七、推断与理解说话者的意图、观点或态度

就这类题目而言，问题的答案在对话中没有直接提供，要求考生把谈话中提供的细节作为前提，进行一定的逻辑推理，找出答案，或根据提供的细节进行归纳，得出结论。

这类问题的常考题型分为理解细节、理解语篇与根据对话中的信息进行进一步的归纳总结三类。

特别提示：

要加倍注意第二个人所说的话，因为这类题目一般都是这种模式：由第一个人开启话题，然后第二个人再提供信息，最后再提出问题。而其中的逻辑关系往往都是可以从第二个人所说的内容中得到反映。

注意关键词和短语，因为即使没有完全听懂对话的内容，但是只要抓住了原文中的关键词部分，听懂了某个关键的字眼，就可以推理出其中的逻辑关系。也就是说，捕捉到对话中相对繁杂的信息、细节，分辨出与提问相关的信息，对最后解答问题很重要。

特别提示：

理解细节题要求考生理解两人谈话中一个关键词或词组。在答这类题时首先要注意代词的使用。弄清了代词指代的事物，句子的意思也就清楚了。其次，有时这类对话的关键在一个习语、俚语，口语化的词组上，这些词组的意思往往成为解题的关键。

理解语篇题在听音时设法捕捉句子的整个含义，但也不必每个词都听懂，不要因为个别词没有听懂或没有听清而心慌，从而没有能够很好地理解全文。注意以下三点：

1．委婉否定和虚拟语气在含义推断中所占比例不小，所以掌握这两种语法是正确解题的关键。

2．辨别语调表达的意义。升调表示对事物的怀疑、否定和不解。降调表示对事物的肯定。

3．需要具备一定的文化背景知识和常用的习语表达方法。

进一步的归纳总结题理解对话中的关键词、词组或句子，因为这些重点词、句往往是我们判断事实真伪的信息来源，然后进行推理判断。

设问方式包括：

What does the man/ woman mean?

What does the man/ woman imply?

What can we conclude from the talk?

What can we learn from the conversation?

What do we learn about the man?（进一步的归纳总结题）等多种形式。

八、理解对话与独白的主旨要义

理解对话与独白的主旨要义重在测试考生对整个对话与语篇的理解，而不侧重个别细节

特别提示：

就对话题而言，必须注意抓住两人谈话的主要内容，并注意那些重点词、句，然后再综合理解，推理判断。

就独白题而言，主旨要义经常以主题句的形式出现，因此找准主题句是关键。主题句以首段句与尾段句居多，有时也出现首尾呼应的情况。

注意：有些问题含有暗示的信息要善于发觉，如题干中有mainly，这就暗示了对话中的内容有主有次，所以见到这种设问方式我们就应该知道对话中要涉及的信息不只一个，所听到的内容有主次之分。

设问方式包括：

What are they discussing?

What is the best topic of this conversation?

What is their dialogue mainly about?

What are the speakers talking about? 等多种形式。

2014高考英语(北京卷)完形填空真题含答案详解

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During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them

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