高考英语真题技法1 依据“行文逻辑”线索

技法1| 依据“行文逻辑”线索文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。

1．总分关系

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(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the firs t letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

[思路分析]空格前句说有三种密码，空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知，此空选E(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。2．解释关系

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(2017·浙江高考)When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？”32

E．To get good and useful results，ask them the same question.

G．With a question like this，you will get more than a“Yes”or “No”reply.

[思路分析]本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think ...？”选项G中With a question like this中的question指的就是这个问句。

[易错提醒]由于E项和G项都包含名词question，而前一句恰好是一个问

句，故学生容易误选E项。根据准备了大约十个问题可排除E项。

3．例证关系

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(2017·北京高考)Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice.

[思路分析]该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那接下来应该是具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。

4．并列关系

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(2017·北京高考)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month. 71 C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick.

[思路分析]首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜”。接下来是具体例证，如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，C项“同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”与前句是并列关系，故选C项。5．层递关系

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(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge”might stand for “meet”and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

[思路分析]这两个题均可归为层递关系。空格39前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，F项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。空格40后面的句子中有also hard，由此可推知空格处应含有与hard相同或相关的句子，故A项“It is very hard to break a code without the code book.”符合上下文语境。

[易错提醒]空格39前面有a code book，如果学生根据空格39题题干中的the code book选择了A项，那么空格40也一定会选错的，因此一定要防止出现多米诺效应。

6．转折关系

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(2016·四川高考)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.

A．However，women，on average，live longer.

[思路分析]空格前说“如今在工业化国家男人和女人寿命都更长”，而空格后说“大致来说，她们比男人能多活六七年”，根据逻辑推断，空格处应该选A项“然而，平均来说女人寿命更长”与前文形成转折关系。

7．对比关系

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(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you've tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record. 40 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.

E．If the steps you take are working，keep it up.

[思路分析]由空格后句子中If not可锁定E项。句意“如果有效，就继续坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。”

8．因果关系

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(2017·北京高考)One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

[思路分析]该段首句提出了一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E 项则是这种观点形成的结果，其中That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。故选E项。