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高考冲刺一级考点：非谓语动词之二——分词

高考冲刺一级考点：非谓语动词之二——分词分词：分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）：

不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：

We can see the rising sun.

我们可以看到东升的旭日

He is a retired worker.

他是位退休的工人

There was a girl sitting there.

有个女孩坐在那里

This is the question given.

这是所给的问题

There is nothing interesting.

没有有趣的东西

分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.(= Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.)

2. 分词作状语

分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。

1）作时间状语

Hearing the noise, I turned round.

听见响声，我转过身去。

2）表示原因

Being league members, we are ready to help others.

由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。

3）表示条件

Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.

如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。

4）表示伴随或方式

The boy sat in front of the farm-house cutting the branch.

那男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。（伴随）

He came running back to tell me the news.

他跑过来告诉我这个消息。（方式）

5）表示结果

The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.

那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。

3. 分词作补语

通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如：

I found my car missing.

我发现我的车不见了。

I’ll have my wat ch repaired.

我想把我的手表修一下。

4. 分词作表语

表示主语的状态等。例如：

She looked tired with cooking.

她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

He remained standing beside the table.

他依然站在桌旁。

5. 分词作插入语

分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如：generally speaking一般说来

talking of(speaking of) 说道

strictly speaking 严格的说

judging from 从……判断

all things considered 从整体来看

taking all things into consideration全面看来

例如：

Judging from his face, he must be ill.

从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.

总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking 不是dogs 的动作）

6. 连词+分词（短语）

有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有：when, while, if though, after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：

While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.

等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）

7. 分词的否定式

分词的否定式由“not + 分词”构成。

Not daring to speak, they sat there silent.

他们不敢说话，坐在那里一声不吭。

Not having found the wallet, he dared not go home.

因为没有找到钱包，所以他不敢回家。

8. 分词的时态

1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如：

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.

一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.

在花园里散步时他伤了腿。

分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out.（相当于As he had finished his homework, he went out.）做完作业后，他出去了。

9. 分词的语态

1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：

He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you...)

他就是给你钱的那个人。

He is the man stopped by the car.(= who was stopped by...)

他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。

例如：a well-read person一个读过许多书的人

a much-traveled may一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match烧完了的火柴

10. 独立主格

1）独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；

名词（代词）+形容词；

名词（代词）+副词；

名词（代词）+不定式；

名词（代词）+介词短语构成。

2）独立主格结构的特点：

①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

②名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

③独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

例如：

The test finished, we began our holiday.(= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.)

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.(= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.)

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

3）with的复合结构作独立主格

表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如：

He stood there, his hand raised.(= He stood there, with his hand raise.)

他举着手站在那儿。

注意:

①独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（hand前不能加his）

劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。

②当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。例如：

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

他躺在那儿，牙紧咬，双手握拳，两眼直勾勾看着上面。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句Weather permitting, we'll go out for a walk.改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

非谓语动词分项练习之动名词

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高三英语复习非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义

非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较

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动词-ing 形式非谓语动词,动名词,现在分词

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(完整word版)2018高考英语非谓语动词专项讲解练习

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高考英语非谓语动词考点及易错点讲解

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