2013高考语法复习专题(一)

上土市中学有效教学导学案

年级：高三学科：英语课题：语法复习【专题一】冠词、名词主备教师：黎元荣参与人：王义山周丽孙晔何敏审定人：苏晟

【考情分析】

1．冠词在高考中的考查重点：

冠词虽小，只有a，an和the三个，但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。

2．名词在高考中的考查重点：

一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。

【知识交汇】

冠词

1. 以考查冠词的基础用法为重点（特指，类指，泛指）, 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法；

2. 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化将成为考查重点；

3. 理解有无冠词意义不同的词组；

4. 对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语，特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。

名词

1.熟记近义名词的辨析

2.熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的

情况, 如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等

3.掌握名词的抽象化和具体化

4.掌握名词的所有格

5.注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复

6.熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用

名词考点聚焦

名词的数：可数与不可数

可数名词单、复数变化形式

（1）规则变化。

①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy —boys, pen —pens。

②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass —glasses,box—boxes, watch —

watches, brush —brushes。

特例：stomach —stomaches。

③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：

baby —babies, lady —ladies, fly —flies。

④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato —tomatoes, potato —potatoes, hero —heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio —radios, zoo —zoos, photo —photos, piano —pianos, kilo —kilos, tobacco —tobaccos。

⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife —wives, life —lives, knife —knives, wolf—wolves, self —selves, leaf —leaves 等。特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs, roof —roofs, chief —chiefs, gulf —gulfs, belief —beliefs, cliff —cliffs。

⑥改变元音字母的。如：man —men, mouse —mice, foot —feet,

woman —women, tooth —teeth, goose —geese, ox —oxen。特例：child —children。

⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair —armchairs, bookcase —bookcases, bookstore —book-

stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor —men doctors, woman driver —women dri-

vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law —brothers-in-law, passer-by —passers-by。

⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero —zeros 、zeroes, deer —

deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。

（2）不规则变化。

①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,

Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。

②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend —boy-friends, go-between—go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up —grown-ups。

③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods

货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes

灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。

④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,

cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。

名词的转化

1．一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：

(1) 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：

(2) 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。请对比：

After several years' self study he acquired a great deal of knowledge.

A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

Have you had any experience of teaching English？

I had a rather different experience the other day.

Walk is a good form of exercise. Would you like to have a walk (swim，bath，talk)

with me？

It is a waste of time reading such a novel. There is too much waste in this factory.

【易错警示】有些抽象名词不能具体化使用，即使有形容词修饰，也不能和不定冠词连用。这类名词有：fun，advice，information，health, progress, wealth, news, weather，homework 等。

2．物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：

(1) 物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。

(2) 物质名词有形容词修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。

have breakfast

have a wonderful breakfast

The road is covered with snow.

They have a heavy snow every year.

Time and tide wait for no man.

We had a wonderful time last night.

3．有复数形式的不可数名词

(1) 有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。如：

use one's brains 动脑筋

meet with difficulties 遇到各种困难

make preparations 做准备

in high spirits 情绪高涨

good manners 有礼貌

Many thanks. 非常感谢。

No pains，no gains. 不劳无获。

congratulations 祝贺

possessions 所有物，财产

surroundings 环境

(2) 有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：

burst into tears 大哭起来

miles of golden sands 绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩

burn to ashes 烧成灰烬

四、名词的格

1．'s所有格的特殊表达形式

(1) 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。如：today's newspaper, five minutes' walk(drive)，five pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth of apples。

(2) 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth's plant, the world's population, China's industry, New York's parks。

(3) 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。如：the tailor's 裁缝店，the barber's理发店，go to the doctor's上诊所。

2．of所有格

(1) 基本形式：a friend of Tom's

some/two students of mine

(2) 表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，of 所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词that/this/these/those, 但不能用the。如：

That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表赞赏)

五、名词作定语

名词作定语是现代英语较为简洁的修饰语表达方式，根据习惯搭配可归为以下几类：

表示中心词的用途、功能、材料。

stone wall, shoe shop, coffee cup

表示中心词的时间、地点、称呼。

summer school, evening dress, street light

表示中心词的类别、对象、身份。

bike key, animal trainer, woman driver

注意：

1．名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化。如：two pencil boxes, girl friends

但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式，如：

sports shoes 运动鞋

clothes shops 服装店

a sales girl女销售员

a greetings card 贺卡

a customs officer 海关人员

2．man和woman作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化。

a man doctor—men doctors; a woman engineer—women engineers

3．名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。

the girl friend女朋友—the girl's friend那位女孩的朋友

the woman driver女司机—the woman's driver那位妇女的司机

4．名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别。

名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象；形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。

gold watch金表；golden sunshine金色的阳光

heart trouble心脏病；hearty welcome热忱的欢迎

convenience food快餐；convenient food制作方便的食品

2、不可数名词的数

（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：

①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：

抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）

in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事

win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)

win honor赢得荣誉an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)

Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者

失败是成功之母。

by experience靠经验an experience一次经历

youth青春 a youth一个青年人

have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情

with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事

②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：

A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?

It is waste of time reading such a novel.

She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.

冠词考点聚焦

一、冠词的基本用法与习惯用法

关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，我们要记住这个口诀：名词冠词不分家，泛指特指惯用法。

名词冠词不分家：冠词是虚词，不能单独使用，必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。而名词的可数与不可数，单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。

1.不用冠词的情况

（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。

China, America, Smith

Air is matter.

（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。

This dictionary is mine.

（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。

March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day

Have you had supper?

Spring is the best season of the year.

（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。

What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.

Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.

（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。

Do you study physics?

He likes playing football/chess.

（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。

They are peasants/ workers.

（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。

by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land

但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。

（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。

①名词词组中：

husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork

②介词词组中：

to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot

注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。

in hospital 住院（因病）

in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）

in front of在前面，指某物体之外

in the front of在前部，指某物之内

in charge负责，主管out of question没问题

in the charge由……负责out of the question不可能

（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。

Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.

（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。

The young girl has turned writer.

= The young girl has become a writer.

（11）在单数名词+ after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。

She did experiment after experiment.

类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake

（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。

①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。

Oh, it’s most beautiful.

②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。

She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.

③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。

The market in the country is busiest in winter.

④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。

A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.

⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。

…why you took a second arrow

注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。

He is a top student in our class; he often gets a first in maths.

（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。

No such thing has ever happened in this village.

（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。

Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。

（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。

Conference opens.会议召开了。

2.定冠词的使用情况

（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。

①特指或第二次提到。

②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。

③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。

（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。

①He hit him in the face.

beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head②the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员

③the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个

④The sooner, the better.越快越好。

⑤He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。

by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…

但：by weight按重量

⑥in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代）

⑦the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩）

⑧in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain

⑨tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home

⑩当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，

它与定冠词连用：

She is fond of music.

He is playing the music written by Beethoven.

Good advice is beyond price.

I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.

3.不定冠词常用的几种情况

（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.

（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.

（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.

（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.

（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.

（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.

（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为

荣的人(事)。

（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。

What a heavy rain!

What a good supper!

Please give me a black coffee!

4.冠词表类别的常见方式

（1）定冠词+ 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。

The computer was invented in 1945.

The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.

The horse is a useful animal.

（2）不定冠词+ 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。

A pen is a tool for writing.

A square has four sides.

A horse is a useful animal.

注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：

Man is fighting a battle against pollution.

Man tries to be the protector of woman.

（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。

Horses are useful animals.

Rice is a kind of food.

5.冠词位置问题

（1）不定冠词+ 副词+ 形容词+ 名词。

This is a very interesting story.

（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。

I’ve never seen such a film!

Half a pound of pork,please!

What a good idea it is!

（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

I can’t finish the task in so short a time.

This seems not too long a distance.

We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.

However low te price you paid,you waste your money.

He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.

（4）定冠词位置。

①half、twice、three times + the + 名词

He paid twice the price for it.

Their house is three times the size of yours.

②all、both、double + the + 名词

Both the blind men were mistaken.

All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.

I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.

抽象名词和物质名词具体化

1．不可数名词的具体化，包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化，是指冠词用在抽象名词之前，表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念，使本来抽象的名词具体化，具有了“一”的含义。

The house is full of joy.

The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)

Failure is the mother of success.

He is a success as an actor. (一个成功的人或物)

He gave me a lot of pleasure.

It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)

She looked up in surprise.

What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)

Knowledge is power.

He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门……的知识)

He received little education.

He received a good education. (一种……的教育)

精典名题导解

1. The warmth of ______sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____wool used.（NMET 2001）

A．The ; the B．the ; / C．/; the D．/; /

2. Most animals have little connection with_________animals of___________different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）

A．the … a B．/ … a C．the … the D．/ … the

3. Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __________thirteenth century.（NMET1999）

A．the … / B．the … the C．/ … the D．/ … /

4—John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.

—I’m in bath.

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填

5. Tom owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class.

A. the; 不填

B. a; 不填

C. a; the

D. 不填; the

6. It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.

A.a; a

B.a; the

C.the; the

D.a; 不填

7. As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.

A. the;不填

B. a; the

C.不填a

D. the; a

8. Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso.

A.the ;不填

B. a ;the

C. a ; 不填

D. the; a

9. Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “fifth of pupils

here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

A. 不填；A

B.不填；The

C.the; The

D.a; A

10. In communication, a smile is usually __________ strong sign of a friendly and _______

open attitude.

A. the, /

B. a, an

C. a, /

D. the, an

11. ——It’s said John will be in a job paying over ＄60,000 _____ year.

—— Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.

A. the; the

B. a; the

C. the; a

D.a; a

12. In __ most countries，a university degree can give you __ flying start in life.

A．the；a B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；a

13. Some people fear that __ air pollution may bring about changes in __ weather around the world.

A．/；the B．the；/ C．an；the D．the；a

14. There are over 58000 rocky objects in __space，about 900 of which could fall down onto __ earth.

A．the；the B．/；the C．the；/ D．a；the

15. Many people are still in __ habit of writing silly things in __ public places.

A．the；the B．/；/ C．the；/ D．/；the

16. Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __

Sunday because everybody was at __church.

A．/；the B．the；/ C．a；/ D．/；a

17. —Have you seen __ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it __ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A．a；the B．the；the C．the；a D．a；a

18. Have you heard __ news？The price of __ petrol is going up again!

A．the; the B．/; the C．the；/ D．/; /

19. A person who has __ final say in an international company is usually __ influential one.

A．a; the B．the; an C．the; the D．a; an

20. This area experienced __ heaviest rainfall in __ month of May.

A．/; a B．a; the C．the; the D．the; a

21. Washing machines made by China have won __ worldwide attention and Haier has become __ popular name.

A．a; the B．/; a C．/; the D．the; a

22.Students should be encouraged to use __ Internet as __ resource.

A．/；a B．/；the C．the; the D．the; a

23. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

—It is not your fault. With __ rush hour traffic and__ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A．a; a B．the; the C．/; / D．/; a

24.It's __ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __ pleasure.

A．/; a B．a; / C．the; a D．a; the

25. “This victory alone is not __ change we seek—it is only __ chance for us to make that change.” said Obama in his speech.

A．a; a B．a; the C．the; the D．the; a

26.In order to find __ better job, he decided to study __ second foreign language.

A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; the

27.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that __ people from all walks of life are working hard for __ new Jiangsu.

A．/; a B．/; the C．the; a D．the; the

28. As __ beautiful movie about pain，struggle，hope and love，Slumdog Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight awards，including __ prize for the best picture.

A．a; the B．a; a C．the; a D．the; the

29. __ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __ packed lunch.

A．A; a B．The; / C．The; a D．A；/

30.Of all the subjects，I like __ history best because it gives us __ useful knowledge of things in the past.

A．the；a B．/；a C．a；the D．a；/

名词

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. (NMET 2001)

A. an art much as

B. much an art as

C. as an art much as

D. as much an art as

2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost

key.（NMET 1999）

A. price

B. prize

C. reward

D. money

3.Y ou’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London.（NMET 1998）

A. price

B. cost

C. value

D. usefulness

4.If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .

A. a price

B. price

C. the price

D. price

5.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine moths, the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of which

B. during which

C. from which

D. for which

6. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s.

A. reach

B. hand

C. hold

D. place

7. The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global

climate change.

A.result

B.cause

C.warning

D.reflection

8. Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.

A. emotions

B. principles

C. regulations

D. opinions

9. “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shou ted, with______ clearly in

her voice.

A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic

10. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to

see him step aside _________ younger men.

A. in terms of

B. in need of

C. in favor of

D. in praise of

11. What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help

himself?

A.sympathy

B.theme

C.object

D.point

12. We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.

A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time

13. James took the magazines off the little table to make _______ for the television.

A．room B．area C．field D．position

14. I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond

_________ .

A．hearing B．strength C．recognition D．measure

15. —Don't be so naughty! Be your ________.

—Got it.

A．manners B．age C．behavior D．politeness

16.—How can I use this MP5?

—Well, just refer to the __________.

A．directions B．explanations

C．expressions D．introductions

17.In Rome, it's a common _______ to have a shot of espresso after breakfast.

A．practice B．taste C．sense D．customs

18. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly __________.

A．atmosphere B．state C．situation D．phenomenon

19. —Hi，this way, please.

—OK. I sometimes have no sense of _________ when I arrive at the crossroads.

A．position B．direction C．situation D．condition

20．Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _______.

A．intention B．attempt C．purpose D．desire

21.Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have ________ from his workers to improve

his plan.

A．summaries B．enquiries C．comments D．connections

22.Don't try to persuade your boss，and he won't have the ________ of employing me—a fresh

student.

A．intention B．attention C．sense D．attraction

22. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale；it was a real ________.

A．exchange B．bargain C．trade D．business

23. If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a (n) ______

for me.

A．puzzle B．advantage C．challenge D．average

24. —Shall we go out for a walk?

—Sorry. This is not the right ________ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.

A．moment B．situation C．place D．chance

25.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses.

A．strengths B．benefits C．techniques D．values

26. It is well known to us all that in China pigeons stand for peace. However, in India the wheel in

its national flag is also a ________ of peace.

A．example B．sign C．mark D．symbol

27.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but will help cover my living ________.

A．bills B．expenses C．prices D．charges

高考英语一轮复习语法部分专项训练

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高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。

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