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gjswja10高级商务英语阅读

Chapter 10

HOW JACK WELCH RUNS GE

I．教学目的

本文立意是使学生了解杰克·韦尔奇，通用电气公司(GE) 前首席执行官（April 1981-April 2001）如何通过发挥他的独特个性和作风，探索创建新的企业管理的观念和手段成功地领导、影响着这个全美业务范围最广，机构最庞杂企业帝国。通过本课学习，学生应回答下列问题并掌握相关概念的英文表达法：

?韦尔奇建立的何种沟通渠道去了解GE员工并形成他的见解和企业战略的？

?韦尔奇展现了其何种人格魅力或特征来影响GE的员工？

?韦尔奇如何利用并改造GE的企业管理惯例的？

?韦尔奇培养人力资源的理念和措施是什么？

?韦尔奇的管理作风的特点是什么？

?韦尔奇是如何改变质量创新的观念的？举例说明。

II．教学计划

拟使用六课时完成本课内容。一课时介绍背景知识，四课时用于课文讲解及难点讨论，最后一课时可供师生共同讨论相关问题，如韦尔奇的管理理念和实际管理操作方法能为中国的企业家们提供哪些启迪。

III．教学方法

首先介绍美国通用电气公司的发展，产品和韦尔奇上任时面临的挑战，使学生初步了解原本的文化和公司背景。之后点出原文各章节的内容重点和他们相互关系，以期让学生抓住原文写作的逻辑和其基本结构。随后按章节顺序详细讲解原文，讲解方法力求师生互动，多采用问答或讨论的形式，鼓励学生主动参与课堂交流，避免一言堂的呆板式授课。点出原文关键词或语言难点，提供的英语同义词或反义词，以利学生的理解和词汇的扩大。

IV．背景知识

1. John F. Welch, Jr. (Jack Welch)

Mr. Welch, a native of Salem, Massachusetts, served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of General Electric from 1981-2001.

Mr. Welch was born in Salem in 1936. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Massachusetts in 1957 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois in 1960.

In 1960, Mr. Welch joined GE as a chemical engineer for its Plastics division in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was elected the company's youngest Vice President in 1972 and was named Vice Chairman in 1979. In December 1980 it was announced that he would succeed Reginald H. Jones and in April 1981 he became the eighth Chairman and CEO. Mr. Welch retired as Chairman and CEO of General Electric in September 2001.

In September 2001, Mr. Welch published his autobiography, "Jack, Straight From The Gut." The book quickly jumped to the #1 spot on bestseller lists from "The New York Times," "The Wall Street Journal," https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0b15405663.html,, "USA Today" Non-Fiction and the Association of Independent Booksellers.

In addition to his new role as author, Mr. Welch serves as a consultant to a small group of Fortune 500 business CEOs.

2． General Electric （GE)

This American company traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who established Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, a merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston Electric Company created General Electric Company. GE is a diversified technology, manufacturing and services company dedicated to creating products from aircraft engines and power generation to financial services, medical imaging, television programming and plastics. GE operates in more than 100 countries and employs more than 315,000 people worldwide. Jeffrey R. Immelt is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer as of September 7, 2001.

GE’s 2002 revenues are $131.7 billion and its year’s net earnings $15.1billion ($1.51 per share) before cumulative effect of accounting changes. Its 2002 cash from operating activities is $15.2 billion excluding progress collections; ($10.1 billion total). GE’s 2002 international revenues are $52.9 billion (40% of total revenues) and its 2002 R&D expenditures $2.6 billion. And its 2002 total

assets are $575.0 billion.

GE’s values are described as “ unyielding integrity, commitment to performance and thirst for change,” and include the slogans as follows:

– Passion for our customers: measuring our success by that of our customers...always driven by six sigma quality a spirit of innovation

– meritocracy: creating opportunities for the best people from around the world to grow and live their dreams

– growth driven, globally oriented: growing our people, markets and businesses around the world – every person, every idea counts: respecting the individual and valuing contributions of each employee

– playing offense: using the advantages of size to take risks and try new things...never allowing size to be a disadvantage

– Embracing speed and excellence: using the benefits of a digital age to accelerate our success and build a faster and smarter GE.

–Living the hallmarks of GE leadership:

passion for learning and sharing ideas

committed to delivering results in every environment

ability to energize and inspire global, diverse teams

connected to workplace, customers and communities... In touch with the world

V．课文讲解

术语讲解

issues 员工问题

people

hierarchy 等级结构

charisma 超凡魅力，感召力

informality 不拘泥形式，形式简化

initiative 质量创新活动

quality

Six Sigma 六西格玛

the chain of command 指挥系统，控制链

communicating across layers 跨等级沟通

levers of leadership 领导杠杆或手段

efficiencies in business 企业的效率

课文注释

1. How he has astutely moved the once Establishment-maker of things into services. (p.

211)

An Establishment is understood as a public or private institution, such as a company or school. In its early and development stages, GE operated mainly as a manufacturer of aircraft engines, power generation, home appliances, medical instrument and many other products. In the past number of decades, the company has moved into services industries, such as financial services, and television programming.

2. emerging markets (p. 211)

Emerging markets refer to countries that have shown fast growth in terms of domestic market demand and foreign trade over the last two decades. Emerging-market nations include Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea, Chile, South Africa, and Poland) have had their sovereign debt upgraded in recent years to investment-grade status China, India, Russia, Malaysia and Mexico are included in the category.

3. He does it through sheer force of personality, coupled with an unbridled passion for

winning the game of business: (p.211)

Through the sheer force means because of his capacity for affecting the minds or behavior of others. She succeeded through hard work. 她努力工作取得了成功。Unbridled means being unrestrained or uncontrolled. 不羁的；无法控制的

4. First off, there are the thousands of ''students'' he has encountered in his classes at the

Croton-on-Hudson campus, which everyone at GE just calls Crotonville. (p.211)

Croton-on-Hudson, located 33 miles north of Manhattan, New York City, is a beautiful area for escape from the busy life of NYC and features some popular attractions. GE holds its annual meetings or training programs in the area. The “students” refers to the GE managers who attended

those meetings and listened to Welch’s speeches.

5. More than half is devoted to “people'' issues. (p.211)

The “people” here refer to GE’s staff.

6. Informality (p.211)

Informality means not being in accord with prescribed regulations or forms; 不拘泥规定和形式, 简化形式

7. The metaphor, however quirky for such a colossus, allows Welch to mentally roll up his

sleeves, slip into an apron, and get behind the counter. (p.212)

Mentally means being performed by or existing in the mind. The literal messages of the phrases--to roll up his sleeves, slip into an apron, and get behind the counter—are the descriptions of the early morning routine of the owner of a grocery store to get ready for the day’s business. Symbolically, it means working hard. This figure of speech is used in the text to describe how Welch works hard and seriously in his mind everyday to figure out solutions to GE’s transformation.

8. If the hierarchy that Welch inherited, with its nine layers of management, hasn't been

completely nuked, it has been severely damaged. (p.212)

Hierarchy means the classification of a group of people according to their statuses and in the text refers to GE’s management levels in an organizational hierarchy. In a large American company, managers’ jobs are arranged in a typical hierarchical structure, consisting of three major levels. Top managers are at the top of the hierarchy and include such titles as president, chairperson, executive director, chief executive officer (CEO) and executive vice-president. Below the top managers are middle managers or business unit heads, including general managers, administrator and department managers. Next come the first-line managers, including production, sales and R&D supervisors and MIS, HRM and accounting supervisors. At the bottom of the hierarchy are non-managerial employees, including line jobs and staff jobs. The verb to nuke in the text means to destroy and deconstruct GE’s hierarchical management structure.

9. It has as much to do with Welch’s charisma as it has to do with the less visible rhythms

of the company (p. 212)

GE’s informality initiative is much closely connected with Welch’s formidable personality, and to a less degree, with the company’s regular meetings and events as well. The word charisma refers to a rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm. 领袖气质The rhythms of the company here refers to GE corporate meetings and review sessions, which regularly recur.

10. these get-togethers … allow him to … make his formidable presence and opinions

known to all (p. 212)

These meetings also offer Welch a public platform to communicate his powerful and admirable work-style and views to all the participants in a simple and clear fashion.

11. He inherited a series of obligatory corporate events that he has since transformed into

meaningful levers of leadership.(p.212)

The adjective obligatory means morally or legally constraining or binding. He was bound to take over a number of corporate meetings that held regularly every year but he successfully transformed these the corporate events into functional tools of leadership.

12. He wasn't born with a silver spoon in his mouth. (p.213)

The American idiom-- born with a silver spoon in his mouth-- means born to wealth and comfort; provided from birth with everything wanted; born rich.

13. He got himself out of the pile. He didn't just show up (p.213)

The sentence indicates that Jack Welch had worked hard and made himself stand out as a CEO from the rank and file or the common folk and did not became an accomplished man overnight.

14. Fraternity party (p.213)

A body of people associated for a common purpose or interest, such as a guild. 兄弟会

15. GE's Six Sigma program (p.213)

Six Sigma is a statistical term that measures how far a given process deviates from perfection. The

central idea behind Six Sigma is that if you can measure how many "defects" you have in a process, you can systematically figure out how to eliminate them and get as close to "zero defects" as possible. To achieve Six Sigma quality, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. An "opportunity" is defined as a chance for nonconformance, or not meeting the required specifications. GE has integrated Six Sigma into its cooperate culture since Welch’s quality initiative in the early 1990s. when one business takes up Six Sigma quality program, it means that it needs to be nearly flawless in executing its key processes.

16. Bossidy’s presentation won such rave reviews.（p.214）

An rave review is an extravagantly enthusiastic opinion or comment.

17. Master black belts, black belts, and green belts (p.214).

Master black belts in GE’s Six Sigma program refer to the first and foremost teachers. They also review and mentor Black Belts. Selection criteria for Master Black Belts are quantitative skills and the ability to teach and mentor. Master black belts are full-time positions. Black belt s are leaders of teams responsible for measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling key processes that influence customer satisfaction and/or productivity growth. Black belts are full-time positions. Green belts are similar to Black Belt but not a full-time position.

18. Show and tell(p.214)

The phrase means to demonstrate and communicate by speech, but as the title of the segment indicates the main idea of the part: a way of sharing information among GE’s executives.

19. The lean machine that is GE. (p. 214)

The machine refers to GE company which already operates in an economical manner. Lean in the text means being thrifty in management and economical. For instance, company leaders know their industries must be lean to survive.

20. wrap-up comments (p.215)

Concluding comments or final remarks

21. He dispenses with the kudos (p.215)

He does not talk of achievement. To dispense means to manage without. 省略，放弃：Let's dispense with the formalities.让我们免去那些礼节吧. Kudos means a praise for exceptional achievement. 称赞或颂扬

22. It is no time to be complacent, not with the Asian economic crisis, not with deflation in

the air. (p.215)

To be complacent means being contented or self-satisfied and unconcerned: 自鸣得意，自满. We should not be contented at the time when the Asian economic crisis is continuing and when deflation is prevalent. 【参考译文】在亚洲金融危机影响和通货紧缩流行蔓延的当今背景下，我们决不能自鸣得意。

23. We couldn't get costs out fast enough to make our commitments. (p.215) A paraphrase of

the sentence can be that we are unable to cut costs within such a short period to complete our planned targets. To get costs out means to cut or reduce costs.

24. The ideas tumble out of him for how they can combat it. (p.215)

The verb phrase to tumble out means to come to a sudden understanding; catch on: 恍然大悟；理解：I finally tumbled to the reality that I was being cheated.

25. I know I have such athletes reporting to me. (p.215)

To report to somebody means to be accountable:负责，报告：She reports directly to the board of directors. 她直接向董事会负责.

26. Boston Consulting Group Inc （BCG ）(p.216)

The Boston Consulting Group is an international strategy and general management consulting firm. BCG claims to help companies make decisive improvements in their direction and performance by sparking breakthrough ideas for clients. With more than 50 offices in major cities all over the world, BCG offers expertise in the areas of branding, consumer, corporate development, e-commerce, energy, and financial services, etc..

27. An organization can be as impressionable as an individua l. (p.216)

A company is easily influenced or subject to influence just like a person. The adjective impressionable means being readily or easily influenced. Impressionable young people.易受影响的年轻人

28. NBC (p.216)

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) was founded in 1926 by General Electric, RCA, and Westinghouse. RCA became the sole owner of NBC in 1932. In 1986, RCA was purchased by General Electric, which today wholly owns and operates NBC.

Starting off as a radio network in the 1920s, NBC evolved into a television broadcaster in the 1940s. Today, NBC is a diverse, international media company. In addition to the NBC Television Network and the NBC Television Stations Division, the company owns CNBC, which is the global leader in business news, reaching 175 million homes worldwide. In April 2002, NBC purchased Telemundo, the second-largest U.S. Spanish-language television network, and in December 2002, the company added the Bravo cable network to its portfolio. In partnership with Microsoft, NBC operates MSNBC, which is a leading cable-news channel and the world's preeminent news site on the Internet.

29. But I’ll be there banging away at it(p.216)

The verb phrase to bang away means to work diligently and often at length: He banged away at the project until it was finished. 他埋头苦干直到项目完成。

30. CAT-scan machines (p.216)

GE’s CAT scan machines are a computerized medical technology designed to provide the surgeon with three-dimensional visualization of the patient’s anatomy, along with the ability to track the position and orientation of instrumentation during surgery.

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2016年商务英语BEC高级阅读练习题及答案 1 A cautious approach can be used when calculating what a company is worth. 2 Consider personnel issues so that you have sufficient resources to fulfill your objectives. 3 In order to know if you can make a return on your investment, assess how you can add to thecompany you are buying. 4 Providing sufficient support for staff during the acquisition process can have a favourable outcome. 5 Take into account your long-term requirements to ensure you have the resources you need. 6 Even after investing some effort in the acquisition, it may still be necessary to withdraw. 7 Terms initially negotiated can be changed after the acquisition. Mergers and Acquisitions As Finance Director of plastics manufacturer VKT, Yvonne Maynart has overseen many successful takeovers A It is essential to build up a team to handle the acquisition so that your existing business can continue uninterrupted during the deal. It also helps to operate with spare capacity so that you can transfer people during the initial stages. A key person should be driving the acquisition process forward, although one person alone cannot assume responsibility for a large deal. It is clearly vital to do thorough research when identifying potential targets - but do not be afraid to walk away from a deal if you become aware of serious difficulties with a company you are targeting. B To decide on the value of any target business, you must first determine what contribution your acquisition can make to it. For example, you may be able to increase revenue through a more focused management team, or improve margins through greater purchasing power and lower costs. At VKT, we base our valuations on conservative assumptions - we also add in the risk element. This approach may be best, and it’s worth remembering that with listed companies, shareholders tend to have higher risk/reward expectations. C Developing relationships with finance providers is a key part of the finance director’s role. It is important to d raw up a good business plan to ensure backing from lenders in the early stages of the acquisition. Your loan application needs to be supported by detailed profit and cashflow projections. Make sure you factor in sufficient finance to

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When Steve Jobs walked on to the stage at San Francisco?s Yerba Buena Center in January, it capped the most remarkable comeback in modern business history. 今年1月，史蒂夫?乔布斯(Steve Jobs)走上旧金山芳草地艺术中心(Yerba Buena Center)的舞台发布iPad，完成了现代商业史上最引人注目的一次复出。 It wasn?t simply a matter of the illness that had sidelined him for half the year before, leaving him severely emaciated and eventually requiring a liver transplant. Little more than a decade earlier, both Mr Jobs? career and Apple, the company he had co-founded, were widely considered washed up, their relevance to the future of technology written off both in Silicon Valley and on Wall Street. 这不仅仅关乎半年前迫使他退居幕后的疾病。病魔一度令乔布斯严重消瘦，最终不得不进行肝脏移植手术。而就在十多年前，几乎所有人认为乔布斯的事业及其共同创立的苹果公司(Apple)已经走上绝路。硅谷和华尔街都断定，它们已经与科技的未来无缘。 By the start of this year, however, the rebound was complete. The level of anticipation whipped up in advance of the January event was unusual even by Mr Jobs? own, impressive standards. 然而，到了今年初，苹果已然重生。在1月份的发布会之前，即使是按照乔布斯自己的苛刻标准衡量，外界对苹果的期望程度也是异乎寻常的。 Critics often talk disparagingly of the “reality distortion field” generated by the Apple boss: his ability to convince onlookers that technologies that would seem unformed in other hands have reached a peak of perfection at Apple. Generating this suspension of disbelief is essential to stirring up demand for gadgets most consumers had no idea they needed, and is an art form of which Mr Jobs has long been the acknowledged master. 批评者总是用贬抑的口吻谈论乔布斯创造的“现实扭曲场”：他能让观众信服，那些在其他厂商手中似乎尚未成形的技术已经被苹果完美地应用。为了激起消费者购买他们自己也不知道是否真正需要的电子产品的欲望，打消他们的疑虑极其关键，而乔布斯则早就被公认为这种艺术形式的大师。 Speculation had been building in the tech world for months about what was rumoured to be Apple?s latest ground-breaking product. A touch-screen computer without a keyboard, it might even rival the impact of the iPod, introduced in 2001, and the iPhone, in 2007. In the event, the iPad that Mr Jobs carried on to the stage with him that day did not disappoint. 在iPad发布之前的数月内，科技界对苹果这款最新的突破性产品猜测纷纷。据传它是没有键盘的触摸屏电脑，甚至可以媲美2001年的iPod和2007年的iPhone带来的影响。在1月份的发布会上，乔布斯带上台的iPad 没有让人们失望。 A rebuttal of F. Scott Fitzgerald?s much-quoted aphorism that there are no 对于F?斯科特?菲茨杰拉德(F. Scott Fitzgerald)广为流传的名言（美国人的生命