高一化学10月月考试题3

江苏省东台市2017-2018学年高一化学10月月考试题

原子量:H:1 C:12 O:16 He:4 Mg:24 N:14 S:32 Na:23.Mn:55 Cl:35.5 C U :64 一、选择题28*3=84（每题只有一个正确答案）

1．简单原子的原子结构可用如下图的表示方法形象地表示：其中●表示质子或电子，○表示中子，则下列有关①②③的叙述正确的是

A ．①②③为同种核素

B ．①②③互为同位素

C ．①②③是三种化学性质不同的粒子 D. ①②③三种的质量数相同 2．下列说法中正确的是

A ．加入碳酸钠溶液产生白色沉淀，再加盐酸，白色沉淀消失，一定有Ca 2+

B ．用玻璃棒蘸取新制氯水，点在PH 试纸的中央，与标准比色卡比较，测定氯水的PH

C ．某溶液与NaOH 溶液共热，产生使湿润红色石蕊试纸变蓝气体则原溶液中存在NH 4+

D ．加入氯化钡溶液有白色沉淀产生，再加盐酸，沉淀不消失，一定有SO 42—

3．常用于检验酒精中是否含水的试剂是 A ．生石灰 B. 无水硫酸铜 C.硫酸铜晶体 D.金属钠 4．下列反应既是化合反应又是氧化还原反应的是

A ．CuO ＋H 2=====△

Cu ＋H 2O B ．Na 2CO 3＋CO 2＋H 2O===2NaHCO 3

C ．3Fe ＋2O 2=====点燃

Fe 3O 4 D ．SO 3+H 2O===H 2SO 4

5、现有CO 、CO 2、O 3（臭氧）三种气体，它们分别都含有1mol 氧原子，则三种气体在标准状况下的积比为 A ．1∶1∶1 B ．1∶2∶3

C ．3∶2∶1

D ．6∶3∶2

6．已知a A m ＋

与b B n －

具有相同的核外电子排布，则下列关系正确的是

A ．a ＝b ＋m ＋n

B ．a ＝b －m ＋n

C ．a ＝b ＋m －n

D ．a ＝b －m －n

7．配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液，可能用到的仪器和用品是 ①天平 ②量筒 ③烧杯 ④玻璃棒 ⑤称量纸 ⑥胶头滴管 ⑦容量瓶 ⑧药匙 ⑨烧瓶

A、①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧

B、全部

C、②③④⑥⑦

D、①③⑤⑦⑨Ca(OH)2的物质的量浓度增大。

8．使用胆矾配制0.1mol/L的硫酸铜溶液，正确的操作是

A、将胆矾加热除去结晶水后，称取16g溶解在1L水里

B、称取胆矾25g，溶解在1L水里

C、将25g胆矾溶于水，然后将此溶液稀释至1L

D、将16g胆矾溶于水，然后将此溶液稀释至1L

9．在容量瓶的使用方法中，下列操作不正确的是

A、使用容量瓶前检查它是否漏水

B、容量瓶用蒸馏水洗净后，配制溶液不需要干燥

C、配制溶液时，如果试样是固体，把称好的试样用纸条小心倒入容量瓶中，缓慢加入

蒸馏水到接近标线1～2cm处，用滴管加蒸馏水到标线。

D、定容后盖好瓶塞用食指顶住瓶塞，用另一只手托住瓶底，把容量瓶颠倒摇匀多次。

10.下列物质既能由金属和酸反应获得，也能通过金属和氯气反应获得的是

A.CuCl2

B.FeCl2

C.FeCl3

D.AlCl3

11．下列说法不正确的是

A．氯气是黄绿色的，C1—是无色的

B．H2在C12中能安静燃烧，火焰呈苍白色，瓶口有白雾生成

C．Cl2和H2的混合气一定会发生爆炸

D．燃烧时不一定要有氧气参加

12、下列溶液中不存在氯离子的是

A、氯水

B、氯化氢溶液

C、漂白粉溶液

D、氯酸钾溶液

13、下列关于液氯和氯水的叙述中不正确的是

A、液氯是纯净物，而氯水是混合物

B、液氯和氯水都有漂白性

C、液氯无酸性，氯水有酸性

D、液氯中只存在分子，氯水中既存在分子又存在离子

14、自来水一般是用少量的氯气消毒。如果实验室中临时没有蒸馏水，可以用自来水配制

某些急需的药品，但有些药品若用自来水配制，则明显会导致药品变质。下列哪些药品不能用自来水配制

A、 Na2SO4

B、NaCl

C、 AgNO3

D、KNO3

15、下列关于物质的保存不正确的是

A、AgNO3溶液应保存在棕色瓶中

B、浓硫酸要密封保存

C、液氯可以保存在干燥的钢瓶中

D、漂白粉露置于空气中保存

16.下列制取单质的反应中，化合物做还原剂的是

A．Br2＋2NaI==2NaBr＋I2 B．Fe＋H2SO4==FeSO4＋H2↑

C．2C＋SiO2==Si＋2CO D．2Al＋Fe2O3==2Fe＋Al2O3

17.下列变化需要加入还原剂才能实现的是

A．MnO4－→MnO2 B．Cl－→Cl C．H2S→SO2 D．Fe2＋→Fe

18.在5NH4NO3==2HNO3＋ 4N2↑＋ 9H2O中发生氧化反应的氮原子和发生还原反应的氮原子的质量比是

A.1 ：1

B.3 ：5

C. 5 ：3

D. 2 ：8

19、用下列两种方法制取氯气：①用含氯化氢146克的浓盐酸与足量的二氧化锰反应②用87克二氧化锰与足量的浓盐酸反应，则所得氯气（提示：稀盐酸与MｎO２不发生反应）A、②比①多 B、①比②多 C、一样多 D、无法比较

20．质子数和中子数相同的原子R，其阳离子R n+核外共有x个电子，则R的质量数为 A． 2（x＋n） B．2（x－n） C．2x D．n＋2

21．判断下列有关化学基本概念的依据正确的是

A．溶液与胶体属不同分散系，本质原因是能否发生丁达尔效应

B．纯净物与混合物：是否仅含有一种元素

C．氧化还原反应：元素化合价是否变化

D．电解质与非电解质：物质本身的导电性

22、下列表述正确的是：

A．硫离子M层上和L层上的电子数均为K层的4倍

B．Cl－的结构示意图：

C．某物质的焰色反应为黄色，某物质一定为钠的化合物

D．14C和14N的质量数相等，互称为同位素

23．下列变化过程中不能直接实现的是

①HCl ②Cl2③Ca(ClO)2④HClO ⑤CO2

A．①→② B．④→⑤ C．③→④ D．②→③

24. 下列关于容量瓶及其使用方法的叙述，正确的是

①是配制一定物质的量的浓度的溶液的专用仪器

②使用前要先检查容量瓶是否漏液③容量瓶可以用来加热

④不能用容量瓶贮存配制好的溶液⑤可以用400mL容量瓶配制250mL溶液

A、①和②

B、①和④

C、除了③

D、除了③⑤

25、某位同学配制一定物质的量浓度的NaOH溶液时，造成所配溶液浓度偏高的原因是

A．所用NaOH已经潮解 B．向容量瓶中加水未到刻度线

C．有少量NaOH溶液残留在烧杯里

D．用带游码的托盘天平称2.4g NaOH时误用了“左码右物”方法

26、下列有关0.2mol·L－1 BaCl2溶液的说法不正确的是

A．500mL溶液中Cl－离子浓度为0.2mol·L－1

B．500mL溶液中Ba2＋离子浓度为0.2mol·L－1

C．500mL溶液中Cl－离子总数为0.2N A

D．500mL溶液中Ba2＋和Cl－离子总数为0.3N A

27、实验室中需要配制2mol/L的NaCl溶液950mL，配制时应选用的容量瓶的规格和称取

NaCl质量分别是

A．950mL，111.2g B．500mL，117.0g C．1000mL，117.0g D．任意规格，111.2g

28、将153.5g由氯化钠和氯化镁混合而成的盐溶解于水配成1L溶液，测得溶液中Cl—的

浓度为3mol/L，则溶液中Na+的物质的量浓度为

A. 2mol/L

B. 1 mol/L

C. 0.5 mol/L

D. 0.1 mol/L

二、非选择题（16分）

29. 根据反应8NH3+3Cl2=6NH4Cl+N2,回答下列问题：

⑴氧化剂是，还原剂是

⑵氧化剂和还原剂的分子个数比

⑶当有68克氨气参加反应时，被氧化的物质为克，生成还原产

物为克。

30、3316S2－中的质子数是________，中子数是________，核外电子数是________，质量数是________。

31、有一瓶溶液只含Cl -

、CO 32-、SO 42-、NH 4+

、K +、Mg 2+ 六种离子中的某几种经实验：

⑴ 原溶液 ??

??→?NaOH

过量 白色沉淀

⑵将(1)所得溶液 放出使紫色石蕊试液变蓝的气体

⑶ 原溶液中加BaCl 2溶液不产生沉淀

⑷原溶液中加AgNO 3溶液产生白色沉淀，再加稀硝酸白色沉淀不溶解

回答下列问题：(1)原溶液中一定含有的离子是 一定不含的离子是————

可能含有的离子是 ————

32、右图是某学校实验室从化学试剂商店买回的浓硫酸试剂标签上 的部分内容。现用该浓硫酸配制480 mL 1 mol · L －1

的稀硫酸。 可供选用的仪器有：

①胶头滴管②烧瓶③烧杯④ 玻璃棒⑤药匙⑥量筒⑦托盘天平。 请回答下列问题：

a ．该浓硫酸的物质的量浓度为 mol · L －1。

b ．配制稀硫酸时，还缺少的仪器有 (写仪器名称及规格)。

c ．配制480mL 1mol · L －1

的稀硫酸需要用量筒量取上述浓硫酸的体积为_ _ mL 。 d ．对所配制的稀硫酸进行测定，发现其浓度大于1 mol · L －1

，配制过程中下列各项操作可能引起该浓度偏高的原因有 。 A ．定容时，仰视容量瓶刻度线进行定容 。

B ．将稀释后的硫酸立即转入容量瓶后，紧接着就进行以后的实验操作。

C ．转移溶液时，不慎有少量溶液洒到容量瓶外面。

D ．容量瓶用蒸馏水洗涤后未干燥，含有少量蒸馏水 。

E ．定容后，把容量瓶倒置摇匀后发现液面低于刻度线，便补充几滴水至刻度处。

高一年级化10月份检测试卷参考答案

一、选择题28*3=84

二、填空题（4分）

29.：

⑴氧化剂是 Cl2 还原剂是 NH3

⑵分子个数比3:2

⑶被氧化的物质为17克，生成还原产物为

160.5 克

30、__16______， _____17___ _____18___， ____33____。

31、

(1)一定含有的离子是 Mg2+NH4+Cl-一定不含的离子是CO32-SO42-

可能含有的离子是K+

32、

a．浓度为18。4 mol· L－1。 b．缺少的仪器有500ml容量瓶(仪器名称及规格)。

c．浓硫酸的体积为_ 27.2_ mL。 d．引起该浓度偏高的原因有B

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