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[推荐学习]中考英语 题型研究三 阅读技能 类型二 选择型典例剖析 人教新目标版

[推荐学习]中考英语 题型研究三 阅读技能 类型二 选择型典例剖析 人教新目标版
[推荐学习]中考英语 题型研究三 阅读技能 类型二 选择型典例剖析 人教新目标版

题型三阅读技能

类型二选择型

【典例剖析】(’15长沙C篇)

Have you ever heard of e-waste(electronic waste 电子垃圾),which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re broken or you want a new one?

Most people just throw them away. With the development of electronic industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons. The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came second, with 6 million tons.

It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful(有害的), depending on how we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine(城市矿藏). The value of the metals, like gold and silver in the waste ar ound the world, is amazing. And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals(有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or air, affecting the environment and people’s health.

Apple, for example, now recycles people’s used products in Chi na when they are buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used ones and sell them at lower prices. To help reduce(减少)e-waste, we can buy longer lasting electronic products. If you have unwanted electronics, find a new home for them. You can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs.

1. The following can become e-waste EXCEPT ______.

A. computers

B. mobile phones

C. plastic bags

2. Which c ountry produced most e-waste last year according to the United Nat ions?

A. America.

B. China.

C. Japan.

3. What does the underlined word “af fecting” mean in this passage?

A. 保护

B. 影响

C. 改善

4. From Paragraph 4, we learn that______.

A. the recycled Apple products will be sold at higher prices

B. buying longer lasting electroni c products is a good way to reduce e-waste

C. it’s better to keep the unwanted electronics in your bedroom

5. The main purpose of this passage is to______.

A. prove that e-waste is useless

B. encourage people to buy more electronic products

C. advise people to deal with e-waste properly to reduce pollution

【命题角度拓展】

6. What’s the best title of this passage?

A. How to buy electronic products

B. How to protect the environment

C. How to deal with e-waste properly

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了电子垃圾如今越来越多,它会给我们的环境以及健康带来很大的危害。并介绍了我们该如何减少电子垃圾。

细节理解题①

方法点拨:细节理解题往往是针对短文中某个细节来设题。做此类题时,应快速捕捉信息,利用题目的关键词,在文章中寻找对应词句,在对应词句前后找答案或直接在文中搜索答案,对号入座。此类型的问题多为what/who/which/when/where/how/why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。如第1题和第2题。根据文章中某一句话对号入座即可选出正确答案。

词义猜测题②

方法点拨:解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧:根据上下文来猜测词义;通过同义词或反义词来猜测词义;通过构词法来猜测词义;通过定义或释义来猜测词义;通过句法功能来猜测词义;根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义;根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效,即将备选答案逐一代入文中,哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯,且与上下文的内容一致,哪个选项就是该题的正确答案。如第3题,根据上下文及生活常识即可猜测出词义。

推理判断题③

方法点拨:此类题目一般不能在文中直接找到答案,而是在理解原文的基础上,根据原文的细节经过推理或判断才能得出正确答案。此类试题要求考生掌握文章主旨,根据设题前后的语境来推敲判断。如第4题,根据第四段,我们知道。根据文章内容可推知A、C项均不符合,根据最后一段第三句可推知B项是正确的。

主旨大意题④

方法点拨:这类题要求学生在理解全文的基础上,对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。做这类题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、目的(purpose)、结论(conclusion)、结局(ending)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断,从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有:

The main purpose of this passage is to...

The main idea of the article is...

The passage suggests that...

What does the text mainly tell us?

What does the text mainly talk about?

From the passage we can learn/conclude that...

标题归纳题⑤

方法点拨:在解答标题归纳这类题时,首先要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面的程度。一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体现文章主旨。其次,要考虑标题的针对性,即标题范围要恰当,针对性要强。最后,要注意标题的醒目性。标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖,标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。故标题一般都比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。如第6题。

1. C 【解析】细节理解题①。题干意为:下面除了都可能成为电子垃圾。A项:电脑;B 项:手机;C项:塑料袋。根据第一段第二句“How do you deal with your computers,MP4 players and mobile phones when...”可知,塑料袋不是电子垃圾。故选C。

2. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为:根据联合国(调查),哪个国家去年制造的电子垃圾最多?A项:美国;B项:中国;C项:日本。根据第二段倒数第二句“The US was the biggest waster...”可知,制造电子垃圾最多的是美国。故选A。

3. B 【解析】词义猜测题②。题干意为:文章中划线单词“affecting”是什么意思?根据第三段最后一句中“...the toxic chemicals(有毒化学物质)can get into the earth or air...”可推知,有毒化学物质进入地表和空气,这将给环境和人类健康造成很严重的影响。故选B。

4. B 【解析】推理判断题③。题干意为:从第四段,我们知道。A项:回收的苹果产品将以更高的价格出售;B项:购买持续时间更长的电子产品是减少电子垃圾的一个好方法;C项:将废弃的电子产品保留在你的卧室会更好。根据最后一段第三

句“To help reduce (减少)e-waste, we can buy longer lasting electronic products.为了减少电子垃圾,我们可以购买持续时间更长的电子产品。”可推知,B项符合。故选B。

5. C 【解析】主旨大意题④。题干意为:这篇文章的主要目的是。A项:证明电子垃圾是无用的;B项:鼓励人们买更多的电子产品;C项:建议人们合理地处理电子垃圾来减少污染。文章主要讲了电子垃圾的危害及处理方法,因此可知本文目的是呼吁我们行动起来,合理地处理电子垃圾,减少电子垃圾对环境和人类健康带来的不利影响。故选C。

6. C 【解析】标题归纳题⑤。题干意为:本文最好的标题是什么?A项:如何买电子产品;

B项:如何保护环境;C项:如何合理地处理电子垃圾。根据短文可知,本文主要讲了电子垃圾的危害以及如何合理地处理电子垃圾。故选C。

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最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心 意思的句子叫做主题句。因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的情况有三种: (1主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文,议论文大都采用先总述,后分述的叙事方法。 例如: All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链。 Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things (2主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时,往往表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结,归纳或结论。

中考英语阅读理解解题策略:五选四

阅读理解解题策略:五选四 1了解大背景:donating blood 这种体验,中考越来越强调这些内容了,大背景要多体验,开拓知识面 2首句理解,topic基本确定结尾总结升华。 3通过理解上下文,建立联系排除无意义的错误选项和选出正确选项 如果词汇量不够造成理解不到位,需要加强反复推敲 如何联系上下文: 1 )相关的的或者,类似的话题词汇1 life alive life saver 等。 2)有顺序提示的词 2 then 3 )后文内容是选项内容的说明解释。3 题献血不难,怎么不难?过程是怎么样的? 4)如果是结尾处的题目,要考虑结尾的总结和升华作用。 4建立对词汇的敏感度这篇文章中很多词汇,前后呼应,给出做题的线索。 第一遍阅读大致了解大意,第二遍就要注意到词句之间的呼应。Simple not difficult 5读完全篇,理清作者思路,观点和态度。 常见总-分-总,等节奏注意随时应用。 每篇文章学完,知识整理的时候,画出思维导图、研究和积累下重点词汇:donate store draw 等,分析一两个重点句子。 ?一、阅读理解(2019·福建中考改编)Seeing blood in a horror movie might make you cover your eyes, but real blood isn't scary at all. 1. donors are considered life ?savers.Blood donors are those giving blood-usually about 200ml at a time-to blood banks or blood donation(捐赠)centres. 2. For example someone may have lost blood in accidents, or havea serious illness that requires his blood to be replaced. Hospitals and blood banks store the blood and try to keep enough on hand.3. Medical workers ask donors several questions to make sure the blood is safe to use.Then the donors relax, often reading a magazine or talking as their blood is drawn.Afterward, the donors may receive some juice or water and maybe fruit to give them energy. The process is simple, not scary.Most people are able to donate blood again in several months if they wish. To give blood, a person must be at least 18 years old and must meet certain other requirements. Students of all ages,though, can learn more about the donation process by visiting a local blood donation centre. 4. It is also an easy way to help a community 根据短文内容,从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。

初中英语阅读理解答题技巧

初中英语阅读理解和完型填空答题技巧 一.教学大纲对阅读理解的要求 (一)初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求: 1.能阅读难度相当于课文的材料,理解其大意。 2.能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料,生词率不超过3%。 3.阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。 (二)中考阅读理解的考点 1.文章的话题—略读文章,领会文章大意的题 2.文章的中心题—归纳,概括的能力 3.文章的细节—扫读或细读文章,以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。 4.文章的寓意,结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论 5.生词词意,猜词—对生词词意的判断能力 (三)中考阅读理解考察的文体 1.记叙文—抓住人物,地点,时间,情节发展线索。 2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征,用途,相互关系等。(四)解题思路与技巧 1.快速浏览全文,掌握大意。 2.仔细审题,分析比较选项。 3.带着问题复读,捕捉关键信息,解答问题。 4.再读全文,核对答案。 二.阅读理解题型及解题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看,短文体裁多样,题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面,充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。 (一)主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时,应通读全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开,主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 (二)细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题,体现中心思想的,往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

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