英语主谓一致

专题十七 主谓一致
考点知识清单
“一致”是指句子之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间数的一致。谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
知识梳理
考点一 单数名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是有些单数名词形式却含有复数意义，这时谓语动词要用复数形式。
1．集合名词与谓语动词的一致
(1)集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：


The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有职员都对这些变革不满意。
注意 若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时，与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they，them或their。如：
My family did all they could for me．
我的家人为我做了他们所能做的一切。
The audi ence were waving their hands．
观众都挥舞着他们的手。
(2)但是有些集合名词．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。如：
The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望过上好日子。
The police have caught the criminal．警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
Cattle feed on grass．牛以草为食。
(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空邮寄的。
The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我们工厂的设备都是从英国进口的。
The furniture in my room is old now．现在我屋里的家具旧了。
2．单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致
单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有air

craft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：
The crossroads is／are dangerous．这个(些)十字路口很危险。
Every means has been tried．各种方法都试过了。
All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都试过了。
A steel works has just been built there．那儿刚建了一座钢厂。
Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飞机被派往那儿。
注意 fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。
3．表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长。
Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。
若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如：
This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．这副圆规是北京制造的。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．现在一副眼镜值很多钱。
There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有两副手套。
考点二 复数名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时的主谓一致
以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名(如billiards台球)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。
Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充满了有趣的故事。
2．表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时的主谓一致
表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。
Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．
落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。
3．以-ics结尾的名词的主谓一致
以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如：
economics经济学 electronics电子学
physics物理学 politics政治学
mathematics数学 statistics统计学
His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．
他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。
Politics is his favorite subject．政治学是他最喜欢的学科。
Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in
divorce．统计数字表明，大约百分之四十的美国人的婚姻以离婚而告终。
Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．统计学是一门很难学的课程。
注意 ①plastics(塑料)作主语时，其谓语动词大都采用复数形式。如：
Plastics have taken the pl

ace of many materials now．
如今塑料已取代了许多材料。
plastics表示“塑料学”时，其谓语动词只能使用单数形式。如：
Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料学是化学的一个重要分支。
②名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如：
Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。
His works have been translated into several foreign languages．
他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。
若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。
若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。
考点三 “名词(或代词)+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。如：
Several theories on this subject have been proposed．
关于这个学科的几种理论已经有人提出。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．
对森林大火的危险不可掉以轻心。
2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如：
The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．
这位摇滚歌星被他的保镖保护着迅速地跑出了剧院。
Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight．
罗伯逊先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到达。
My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．
是我的驾驶执照而不是我的信用卡丢了。
No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，当时那里没人。
Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女儿都喜欢体育。
Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．
汤姆，玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。
考点四 “名词(或代词)+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致
1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：
Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教师反对这个提议。
Some of the students are for the plan．有些学生赞同这个计划。
The rest of the lecture is dull．讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。
The rest of the b

icycles are on sale today．剩余的自行车今天出售。
Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。
Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。
A mass Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情报已被泄露出去了。
A mass Masses of books are kept in the library．图书馆里存放有很多的书。
About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。
Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．
超过百分之三十的学生没有参加这个会。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。
Only 40％ of the．work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。
注意 当上面有些词单独作主语时，其主谓语一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如：
All was silent．万籁俱寂。
All were silent．大家都静默着。
Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．

我们班有30个学生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。
All has been tried．一切都试过了。
All are here now．大家都到齐了。
注意 population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。如：
The population of Canada is about 29 million．
加拿大的人口约为2 900万。
Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．
在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．
这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。
2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如：
A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他们发现了一种鸟。
A part of the book is not interesting．这本书里有一部分内容没趣。
Parts of the book are very instructive．
这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。
These are two different forms of the same thing．
这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。

3．当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。但是当either／neither of...构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)。如：
None of them is／are aware of the danger．他们

中没有人意识到那个危险。
None of the money was paid to me．连一分钱也没有付给我。
Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。
Neither of them is going to give up the chance．
他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。
4．当“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
A number of new houses have been built there．在那儿已建起许多新房子。
There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop．
那个商店出售各种各样的商品。
The number of the people who know the secret is very limited．
知道这个秘密的人数很有限。
The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．
那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。
5．“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。
“large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．
每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．
大量的资金投在当地的市场上。
Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．
这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。
A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．
很多钱花在建这座桥上。
A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．
建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。
A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。
考点五 由并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如：
Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫妇是工程师。
Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。
注意 如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。如：
The teacher and writer is her friend．
这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。
比较

两个名词前都加冠词或其他限定词，则谓语动词要用复数形式。
常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数。
bread and butter

黄油面包
bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包
a knife and fork一副刀叉
a watch and chain一只系有表带的手表
a cart and horse一辆马车
needle and thread针线
law and order法律和秩序
Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．
反复实验(不断摸索)是我们知识的来源。
Time and tide waits for no man．岁月不待人。
The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星条旗是美国国旗。
2．由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．
每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小时或每一分钟都很重要。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．
没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．
许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。
3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如：
Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．
不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。
He or I am to do it．这事或者他去做或者我去做。
Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it．
无论是你，我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。
4．主语由肯定否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。如：
Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．
对此负责的是我而不是你。
考点六 名词性从旬作主语时的主谓一致
1 ．what从句作主语时的主谓一致
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
What she said is correct．她说的是正确的。
What he gave me are five English books．他给我的是5本英语书。
What he needs is money．他需要的是钱。
2．that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
由that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
That he is a spy is true．千真万确，他是一个间谍。
Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．
他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。
Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．
还不太清楚谁对这

场事故负责。
考点七 动名词或不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致
单个动名词短语或不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。
Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．
你放弃这个机会使我们大家都非常吃惊。
若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是个好习惯。
When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．
何时何地建大楼还未定下来。
Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．
犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。
What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。
考点八 某些表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致
1．当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。如：
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。
Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。
Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。
2．在四则运算中，谓语动词多用单数，也有用复数的。减法和除法常用单数。
Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。
Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。
18 minus 12 is 6．18减12等于6。
Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。
考点九 名词化的形容词作主语时的主谓一致
1．当某些形容词和过去分词同定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The poor live a hard life．穷人的日子不好过。
The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和伤员被送回家。
the poor穷人 the living活着的人
the rich富人 the dead死人
the wounded伤员 the young年轻人
The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。
The old gives place to the new．新陈代谢。
但是，也有例外的情况。有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。如在句中指一个人时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告请求法官宽恕。
2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等结尾的表示

“国家的，民族的”这类形容词与定冠词the连用，表示整个民族，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类词有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：
The Chinese are hard-working．中国人是勤劳的。
The English are said to be conservative．据说英国人是保守的。
The Chinese are kind and friendly．中国人民友好善良。
比较
That Chinese is a singer．那个中国人是个歌唱家。
Chinese is a beautiful language．汉语是一种优美的语言。
考点十 there be结构中的主谓一致
there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。如：
There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．
桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。
There are four chairs and a table in the room．房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。
考点十一 不定代词each, one, no one, somebody等词作主语时的主谓一致
不定代词“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主
语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。如：
Each boy gets a prize．每个孩子都得到了奖品。
Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的时候。
Someone wants to buy the house．有人要买这所房子。
Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吧?
Each of the books costs five yuan.每本书五块钱。
Somebody is using the phone．有人在用着电话。
He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．
他有两个儿子。一个是老师，另一个是工程师。
注意 each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。如：
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．
我们每人有一本英汉词典。
The students are all hardworking．这些学生都很勤奋。
They both like pop music．他们俩都喜欢流行音乐。
考点十二 其他主谓一致情况
1．倒装句中的主谓一致
在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如：
On the wall are some famous paintings．墙上有一些著名的画。
Between the two windows hangs a picture．两扇窗户间有一幅画。
2．表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如：
One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。
One and a half hours is enough．一个半小时足够了。
3．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。
“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
One or two students were pla

nting trees yesterday afternoon．
昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
4．在“It+be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如：
It is I who am a student．我是学生。
It is they who have worked there for five years．是他们在那儿工作了5年。
5．定语从句中，关系代词who，which，that等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如：
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看过这部电影的人请举手。
The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．
在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。
6．who，which，what等疑问代词及sueh作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式。如：
Who is the girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁?
Who are the girls over there?那边那些女孩子是谁?
Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的书，这本还是那本?
Such is my plan．这就是我的计划。
Such are his words．这就是他的话。
7．“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如：
The majority of boys like football．大多数男孩喜爱足球。
The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多数人支持禁烟。
The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。
8．“an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的平均数”。如：
An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．
每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。
The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均数是6。
9．“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有……”；“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的总数”。如：
A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。
The total of letters received last month was 300．上个月收到的信总数是三百封。
10．当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Only man knows how to cook．只有人类懂得烹饪。
Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。
All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。
11．“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如：
More members than one have protested against the plan．
反对这项提议的会员不止一个。
12．当many a...或more tha

n one+名词作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如：
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．
许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。
More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到这件事中。
13．在“one+of／in／out of+复数名词”结构中，一般采用语法一致的原则，即用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。
One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我们班有一位学生来自西藏。
One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十个中有一个严重受损。
Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．
每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。
方法技巧清单
方法技巧
方法一 分清主语，用准谓语
1．主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短语时，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。
2．动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
3．确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语。
[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．
A．is sent B．are sent C．has sent D．has been sent
[解析] 句子的真正主语为a perfect gift，所以谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式；根据题干大意此处要用现在完成时态。
[答案] D
[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．
A．did do does B．did does do C．does did do D．do do did
[解析] 句子的主语是what引导的主语从句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。谓语动词用单数，借助于助动词does强调谓语，后用动词原形do。
[答案] B
[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．
A．are B．is C．were D．was
[解析] 本句是倒装句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主语，也是who引导的定语从句的先行词。定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
[答案] C
方法二 分清并列连词
1．两个单数名词(主语)用and或both...and...连接时，谓语用复数，但要注意前后两个名词都带有冠词。
2.并列主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．
A．is B．was C．are D．has been
[解析] 由连接词either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词必须和紧靠它的名词

或代词的人称和数保持一致。此题中的谓语动词应和Peter and Mary一致，故谓语动词用复数are，因此C是正确的。
[答案] C
[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．
A．have B．has C．had D. are
[解析] The writer and the educator是两个人，谓语动词用复数。句意：那位作家和那位教育家参观了我们的学校。如果换成The writer and educator，就是一个人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，谓语动词用单数。
[答案] A
方法三 记熟一些习惯用法
1．“many a以及more than one+单数名词”作主语．谓语用单数。
2．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语用单数；而“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
3．不定代词anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主语，谓语用单数。
4．表示“时间、距离、价格”等复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
5．“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主语时，谓语用单数。
7．“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语与of后的名词保持数的一致。
[例1] _______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．
A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifth；are C．Two fifths；is D．Two fifths；are
[解析] 首先“五分之二”应为two fifths，故答案应为C、D中的一个；当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持数的一致，这里的名词是the land。
[答案] C
[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．
A．are B．are not C．isn’t D．aren’t
[解析] 在“the number of+复数名词”的结构中，“of+复数名词”的介词短语作后置定语，the number是中心名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。
[答案] C
[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．
A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are
[解析] 本题是一个带有定语从句的复合句，定语从句修饰的是teachers，关系词在从句中作主语，应与先行词的数保持一致，故从句谓语用复数。句子主语是Every boy and every girl，当主语后面跟有with，together with，as well as等连接的词时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。every...and every...作主语，谓语用单数。
[答案] C
互动训练
1.1 The public _______ the best judge because the public always _______ _their thoughts.
A. are；express B. is；express
C. is；expresses D. are；expresses
1.2 I think Cla

ss One _______ __to win because Class One _______ _all football lovers.
A. is likely; are B. are likely; are
C. is likely; is D. are likely; is
1.3 While my family _______ _a small one, every one of us _______ __different hobbies.
A. is; have B. are; has
C. is; has D. are; have
1.4 Cattle _______ __well in the country market at present, according to the evening news.
A. sell B. sells
C. is being sold D. will be sold
1.5 People who _______ __peace _______ _seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state.
A. loves; prefers B. love; prefer
C. loved; prefer D. love; prefers
1.6 All the furniture in my office _______ __ made in Hong Kong.
A. is B. are
C. were D. had been
1.7 Every means _______ ___to prevent the water from _______ __.
A. are used; polluting
B. get used; pollution
C. is used; polluted
D. has been used; being polluted
1.8 All possible means _______ __to save the wounded soldier.
A. have been tried B. is to be tried
C. has been tried D. are trying
1.9 —The trousers _______ __you well.
—But the colour _______ __me.
A. fit; suit
B. fit; doesn’t suit
C. fits; doesn’t suit
D. fit; don’t suit
2.1 His“Selected Poems” _______ __in 1995.
A. was first published
B. were first published
C. has been first published
D. had first been published
2.2 The United States _______ _50 states.
A. have B. has
C. is made up D. are in charge of
2.3 Different areas of the country _______ __ own customs.
A. have their B. have its
C. has their D. has its
2.4 Mathematics _______ _the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be
C. is D. is to be
2.5 Plastics _______ __many other materials, it is easily shaped.
A. has taken place of
B. has taken the place of
C. have taken place of
D. have taken the place of
2.6 The expensive clothes _______ _made specially for the beautiful princess.
A. is B. were C. has D. have
2.7 Goods in the store _______ _sold out at a very low price.
A. has been B. have been
C. was D. is
3.1 The captain with his men _______ _saved.
A. have B. has
C. are D. is
3.2 E-mail, as well as telephone, _______ ___an important role in daily communication.
A. play B. played
C. plays D. are playing
3.3 All but one _______ __here just now.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. were
3.4 The museum, as well as the pictures, _______ _.
A. is worthy seeing
B. is worth seeing
C. are worth seeing
D. are worthy seeing
3.5 On the contrary, I think it is Truman, _______ __you, _______ _to blame.

A. more than; are
B. less than; who are
C. rather than; that is
D. rather than; is
4.1 Some of the latest news about this country _______ __televised _______ __from the battle field.
A. was; direct B. were; straight
C. were; alive D. was; live
4.2 _______ __friends Betty had made there _______ _all invited to her birthday party.
A. A few; was B. Tile few; were
C. Few; were D. Few of; was
4.3 More than 90 _______ _of the watches on sale _______ _ourselves.
A. percent; are made of
B. percent; are made up of
C. percents; is made by
D. percent; are made by
4.4 “All _______ _present and all _______ _ going on well,” said the teacher.
A. is; is B. is; are
C. are; are D. are; is
4.5 It’s summer time now, so a dozen eggs _______ __only $4.
A. are costing B. has cost
C. cost D. costs
4.6 Most of the artists will go to the United States next week. The rest _______ ___to visit Japan.
A. has B. plans
C. are D. is
4.7 The population of the city _______ __not large, but one third of the population here _______ __highly educated citizens.
A. is; is B. are; are
C. is; are D. are; is
4.8 This kind of stories _______ __instructive while stories of that kind _______ ___harmful to children.
A. is; seems B. are; seem
C. is; seem D. are; seems
4.9 Many kinds of furniture _______ __being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.
A. is B. are
C. having D. was
4.10 Machines of the new type _______ _made in Shanghai.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
4.11 —Are there any new animals in that zoo?
— _______ __there.
A. None are B. None arrived
C. No one is D. No one are
4.12 John has two brothers, but either _______ __ out of work now.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
4.13 The number of people invited _______ __ fifty, but a number of them _______ ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
4.14 The number of the people who _______ _ cars _______ __increasing in China.
A. own; are B. owns; is
C. own; is D. owns; are
4.15 _______ __of food were on the table then.
A. Quantities B. A great quantity
C. A great D. A number
4.16 Vast amounts of money _______ being invested in the construction of the school.
A. are B. is
C. was D. has
4.17 Large quantities of water _______ __for irrigation.
A. is needed B. have needed
C. are needed D. need
4.18 A great deal of money _______ _spent on books.
A. have B. has
C. have been D. has been
5.1 Father and son _______ _standing on the roadside. Beside them _______ __a cart

and horse.
A. was; was B. were; were
C. were; was D. was; were
5.2 If law and order _______ __, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved
B. is not preserved
C. were not preserved
D. have not been preserved
5.3 A poet and artist _______ __coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5.4 The teacher and the writer _______ __to attend the meeting last time.
A. has been asked
B. was asked
C. have been asked
D. were asked
5.5 The league secretary and monitor _______ ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
5.6 The doctor found that her problem and his _______ __similar.
A. were B. was C. are D. is
5.7 Each boy and each girl _______ _to take part in the evening party.
A. wishes B. wish
C. is like D. like
5.8 Many a boy and many a girl made the same mistake.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
5.9 Neither you nor I, nor anyone else _______ __ the answer.
A. knows
B. know
C. has been known
D. is knowing
5.10 Not only China but also other countries _______ __trying to develop their own economy.
A. is B. are
C. has D. be
5.11 Not his sister but his two cousins _______ __ to Hainan, never to be seen again.
A. had gone B. have gone
C. has been D. have been
6.1 What the children in mountain villages need _______ _good books.
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
6.2 What he said and did _______ __not agree.
A. does B. do
C. is D. possible
6.3 Whether he comes to the party _______ _too much.
A. not matter B. do matter
C. don’t matter D. matters
6.4 That they were wrong in these matters _______ ___now clear to us all.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
7.1 Writing stories and articles _______ __what I enjoy most.
A. is B. have been
C. was D. were
7.2 To answer correctly _______ __more important than to finish quickly.
A. is B. am
C. are D. /
7.3 To play football and to go swimming _______ _ useful for character training.
A. was B. is
C. are D. were
8.1 Twenty-five years _______ _since I graduated from college.
A. pass B. passed
C. has passed D. has been passed
8.2 Three _______ _five makes eight.
A. adding to B. adding up
C. added to D. added up
8.3 Two _______ _four is eight.
A. times B. divided
C. multiply D. plus
9.1 When the injured _______ _to the hospital, they came to
A. was rushed; life
B. were rushed; life
C. rushed; lives
D. were rushed; lives
9.2 The sick _______ __been cu

red and the lost _______ _been found.
A. has; have B. have; has
C. have; have D. has; has
9.3 The poor _______ always dreaming _______ _ becoming rich.
A. are; in B. is; to
C. is; of D. are; of
9.4 The Chinese usually _______ chopsticks for meals, while the British _______ _ knives and forks.
A. use; uses B. uses; use
C. use; use D. used; use
10 There _______ _a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _______ __up.
A. were; it B. are; them
C. was; it D. is; them
11.1 —Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _______ __to go to university.
—So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
11.2 _______ __is in the classroom. In fact many students were late for school _______ ___me because of the heavy rain.
A. No students; except
B. Not every student; besides
C. Not all the students; but
D. No every student; except
11.3 My brother and sister each _______ __own ideas.
A. has their B. have his
C. have their D. has her
12.1 At the station _______ _a teacher and two students on their way to the city.
A. were B. was
C. is D. sits
12.2 Along the road _______ _many high buildings.
A. lies B. have C. has D. are
12.3 One and a half _______ _left on the table.
A. apple is B, apples is
C. apple are D. apples are
12.4 I have found one or two _______ __in the book _______ _gone.
A. pages; is B. page; are
C. pages; are D. page; is
12.5 Is it the police who _______ ___the thief?
A. have caught
B. has caught
C. had caught
D. have been caught
12.6 I, who _______ _your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
12.7 He bought me two novels and an English dictionary. Such _______ __the gifts he gave me.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
12.8 The majority of doctors _______ ___that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
A. agreed B. is agreed
C. agree D. agrees
12.9 An average of 200 letters a week _______ _ received by the newspaper’s office.
A. are B. has been
C. have been D. is
12.10 The average of students of the school going to university each year _______ __ over 600.
A. are B. has been
C. have been D. is
12.11 A total of 20 people _______ _killed in that car crash.
A. was B. were C. is D. be
12.12 What wonderful things man _______ __achieved!
A. has B. be C. had D. is
12.13 More teachers than one _______ ___invited.
A. was B. were
C. has been D. is
12.14 Many a student _______ _tired by his long speech.
A. have B. has
C. has been D. are
12.15 In some part of Britain, one person in t

en, by the age of 30, _______ __no teeth left.
A. is B. has
C. have D. had
成功体验
1.1 All but the lazy boy _______ __on time _______ ___class.
A. was; for B. were; for
C. was; to D. were; to
1.2 Jack, as well as his friends who _______ __ football games, _______ __travelled with the team.
A. likes; has B. like; have
C. like; has D. likes; have
1.3 When he will arrive for the meeting _______ unknown, but making a big decision without delay _______ _a key event now.
A. was; is B. were; are
C. is; has been D. are; have been
1.4 Following the mother _______ __two daughters.
A. is B. are
C. was D. have been
1.5 Here _______ __some pieces of news, and I want to know what the latest news _______ _.
A. are; are B. is; is
C. is; are D. are; is
2.1 To design new machines and to take charge of the project _______ __his job.
A. is B. are
C. does D. do
2.2 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ __tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
2.3 Either your parents or your elder brother _______ __to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. are B. have
C. is D. had
3.1 _______ __has been done.
A. Ninety-nine percent of the works
B. Two thirds of the articles
C. Half of what he promised
D. Three quarters of business
3.2 More than one student _______ __a lawyer in the future.
A. are
B. is
C. are going to be
D. is going to be
3.3 Each of the students in our class _______ _great interest in English and they each _______ _a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary.
A. shows; have B. have; has
C. is; have D. takes; has
3.4 Those three minutes _______ _the worst I ever spent.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
3.5 A large number of the students in our class _______ __girls.
A. are B. was
C. is D. be
3.6 _______ __were burnt during the fire.
A. More than one book
B. A good number books
C. Many a book
D. A great many books


专题十七 主谓一致
考点知识清单
互动训练
1．1 B 前一个public(公众)表示的是集体、整体，后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员。
1．2 A 前一个Class One是“一班”，指集体；后一个Class One指一班的同学们，指所有个体。
1．3 C family作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若表示组成该集体的分散个体时，其谓语动词用复数。
1．4 A 有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。
1．5 B people为集合名词，作复数处理；people既是主句的主语

，又是后面定语从句的先行词，故选B。
1．6 A furniture作主语，谓语用单数。
1．7 D 本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，works，species等。句意：(政府)用尽一切办法来阻止水受污染。本题也可改为：All means have been used to prevent the water from being polluted．
1．8 A means是单复数同形名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于句子的意思，如all／those／a lot of means用复数动词；every／this／that means则用单数动词。
1．9 B trousers作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；而colour为单数，故选B。
2．1 A 以-s结尾的国名、书名、团体、机构、学科等名词作主语，谓语用单数。
2．2 B 国名、地名作主语，谓语用单数。这里的主语是the United States。
2．3 A 本句主语是Different areas，故谓语动词用复数。句意：这个国家不同的地方有不同的风俗。
2．4 C 此处mathematics为学科名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．5 D plastics作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。
2．6 B elothes永远看作复数，本句又需被动语态，故选B。
2．7 B goods作复数处理，故选B。
3．1 D 本题真正的主语是the captain，所以用单数。
3．2 C 主语后有as well as，together with等短语时，谓语动词应与它们之前的主语保持一致。
3．3 D 从句意上看，all指人。句意：除一人外，其余的刚才都在这儿。
3．4 B 主语+with／as well as／but+…的谓语动词的单复数要与主语相一致；be worth doing，be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done是固定的结构，它们的主语都是物或相当于物的内容。
3．5 C 分析句子成分是解答此题的关键。本题为强调句式，第二个空必须用who或thal引导从句，因此可排除A项和D项；ratber than意为“而不是”。此处强调的是Truman，故谓语动词应为单数。
4．1 D news为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；live表示“现场直播地”。
4．2 B 本题考查不定代词及主谓一致的用法。因后面有定语从句修饰，所以few前使用定冠词，表示“那几个”的意思。后面的all决定了此处应该为肯定。
4．3 D 主语为“分数／百分数+of+名词”，以及“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of+名词”，其中名词可以是可数也可以是不可数，是可数名词谓语动词用复数，是不可数名词谓语动词用单数。
4．4 D 第一空all表示具体意义“所有的人”。第二空all表示抽象意义，“一切”。
4．5 C a dozen eggs=twelve eggs。复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。如果是表示重量的名词短语作主语，谓语用单数。如：live kilos of eggs costs $10．
4．6 C 此处The rest=The resl of the

arlists，故谓语用复数形式;如果the rest后接不可数名词则用单数动词，如：The rest of his life was spent in the USA．
4．7 C population表示“人口”总称时谓语常用单数；表示“儿分之几”的“人口”则是指具体人口，谓语用复数。
4．8 C this kind of stories的中心词为kind，是单数；stories of that kind的中心词为stories，是复数，故选C。
4．9 B many kinds of furniture的中心词为of结构前面的kinds，且此句宜用现在进行时的被动语态。
4．10 B 本题应以of结构前面的词为主语，machines为复数形式，而且本句用一般现在时为最佳时态。
4．11 A uo one表示人，不能指代物或动物，故排除C、D两项；mone既可指人，也可指物或动物，作主语时谓语既可用复数又可用单数，视情况而定；B项用None has／have arrived则也可。
4．12 B either作主语，谓语常用单数。
4．13 C “the number of+复数名词”意思是“……的数量”，谓语用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意思是“许多……”，谓语用复数。
4．14 C 整句话的主语为the number，所以谓语用单数is；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词people，所以主语who为复数。
4．15 A 题目中的food为不可数名词，而a number of用来修饰可数名词，故首先排除D。a great deal of可用来修饰不可数名词，但谓语动词应用单数，故排除C。quantity意为“数量”，a large quantity of／quantities of后既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词。a large quantity of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词应为单数，故排除B。由谓语动词were断定A为正确答案。
4．16 A “quantities of…”或“amounts of…”作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
4．17 C a large quantity of可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，整个短语作主语时，谓语动词的数由其中的名词决定，但quantities of无论修饰可数还是不可数名词，谓语都用复数形式。另外，本句要用被动语态。
4．18 D a great deal of修饰不可数名词，渭语用单数，本句要用被动语态。
5．1 C father and son，husband and wife等具有对比含义或习惯上总是在一起使用的两个概念，常省去冠词，作主语时，谓语用复数；a cart and horse(一架马车)指同一概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。第二句是倒装句。
5．2 B 此处主语law and order指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
5．3 A 句意：一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要来给我们作关于中国文学和绘画方面的报告。
5．4 D 由and连接的两个并列主语指不同的人或物时，and前后的名词应分别带冠词，这时句子的谓语动词应用复数形式。句意：这位老师和这位作家上次被邀请出席会议。
5．5 B 当and所连

接的两个并列主语指同一个人或物时，只在前一个名词之前加冠词，这时句子的谓语动词应用单数形式，该题的主语为“这位团秘书兼班长”。
5. 6 A 主句用过去时态，宾语从句也需用相应的过去时态，所以排除C、D。her problem 和his problem不是一个问题，所以用复数，选were。
5．7 A 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有each，every或no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
5．8 A 本题考查的是many a…+many a…作主语时，谓语应用单数。
5. 9 A neither…nor…引导并列主语，谓语动词应和后一个主语保持一致，本题中是和anyone else保持一致。
5．10 B 当not Only…but also…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。
5．11 B “not…but…”在连接并列主语时，要遵循就近原则；have been to表示去过某地，如今已回来，而have gone to表示去某地了，如今还未回来。
6．1 B what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词须根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处须用复数形式。
6．2 B what he said and did不一致，是两回事，谓语动词用复数。
6．3 D 动名词、不定式短语、从句作主语，谓语用单数形式。句意：他来不来参加会议，关系重大。
6．4 A that引导的主语从句，谓语用单数，受时间状语now的影响，表示现在的一个事实，选is。
7．1 A “写小说和文章”都是表达“写作”这一概念。本题为动名词短语作主语。
7．2 A 动词不定式短语作主语，谓语用单数。
7. 3 C 踢足球和游泳是“两”件事。
8．1 C 时间、金钱、距离等作主语，谓语动词用单数。从句中介词since暗示需选现在完成时。pass作“时间推移”解时是不及物动词。
8．2 C “3+5=8”的表达方式是added to。
8．3 A “2×4=8”的表达方式是“Two times four is eight”或“Two multiplied by four makes eight．”
9．1 B “the+形容词”指代一类人，谓语动词用复数。come to life“苏醒”，为固定搭配。
9. 2 C “the+形容词／分词”表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。
9．3 D the+adj.可表一类人或物，看作复数，“the poor”意为“穷人”，“dream of／about+n．／-ing”意为“梦想”，故选D。
9．4 C the Chinese“中国人”，the British“英国人”，表示整个民族，谓语动词用复数形式。
10.C there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，此处主语为a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词须用单数。
11．1 B Each of the students短语中，真正的主语是Each，of the students是其后置定语，谓语用单数。
11．2 B 从动词is可知主语用单数名词。every不

可用no修饰。
11．3 C 本题的主语是My brother and sister，指两个人，each只作他们的同位语，所以用复数，本题也可以改成Each of my brother and sister has his or her own idea．
12．1 A 本句考查倒装句的谓语动词。本句主语是a teacher and two students。
12．2 D 本题考查倒装句的谓语动词。本句的主语是many high buildings。
12．3 B “one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
12．4 C “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
12．5 A 本句是强调句型的一般疑问句。强调的部分是主语the police，who后的谓语与the police保持一致。
12．6 B 本句是非限制性定语从句，who在从句中作主语，从句谓语随先行词而定。
12．7 C 本句谓语要与the gifts保持一致，根据本题的时态判断，应用过去时态。
12．8 C “the majority／minority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语；the majority／minority后面不接“of+复数名词”，单独作主语时，谓语单复形式都行。A项时态错误。
12．9 A “an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，所以排除B、D。根据时间状语a week“每周”，选A。
12．10 D “the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，排除A、C。根据时间状语each year“每年”，选D。
12．11 B “a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用。 12．12 A 本句是感叹句，主语是man(人类)，谓语用单数。句意：人类取得了多么辉煌的成就啊!
12．13 B “more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语用复数。
12．14 C “many a+单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数形式。
12．15 B “one+单数名词+in…”作主语时，后面的谓语动词应用单数，本题也可改成：one tenth of the persons，by the age of 30，have no teeth left．
方法技巧清单
成功体验
1．1 B 不定代词all作主语且表示“人”时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1．2 C as well as连接的名词作主语所强调的是它前面的名词，故谓语动词要和该名词保持一致。本题的主语是Jack，故谓语动词要用has travelled；who之后的从句是修饰hisfriends的，故第一空格要填like。
1. 3 C “When he will arrive for the meeting”是主语，看作单数；making a big decision是动名词作主语，也看作单数，再根据时态，只能选C。
1．4 B 本题为倒装句，主语是two daughters。
1．5 D 第一句话为here／there的倒装句，主语为some pieces，用复数形式的谓语动词；第二句话的主语为the latest news，为不可数名词，所以用单数形式的谓语动词。
2．1 B 本句的主语有两个To design new machines和to take charge of the project，这两个主语用“and”连接，构成并列主语。
2．2 B