2017年6月大学英语六级考试(第1套)

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)

Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1.A) Doing enjoyable work.

B) Having friendly colleagues.

C) Earning a competitive salary.

D) Working for supportive bosses.

2.A) 31%.

B) 20%.

C) 25%.

D) 73%.

3.A) Those of a small size.

B) Those run by women.

C) Those that are well managed.

D) Those full of skilled workers.

4.A) They can hop from job to job easily.

B) They can win recognition of their work.

C) They can better balance work and life.

D) They can take on more than one job.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5.A) It is a book of European history.

B) It is an introduction to music.

C) It is about the city of Bruges.

D) It is a collection of photos.

6.A) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.

B) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.

C) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.

D) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.

7.A) The entire European coastline will be submerged.

B) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.

C) The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.

D) The major European scenic spots will disappear.

8.A) Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.

B) People cannot get around without using boats.

C) It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.

D) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).’ Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A) They make careful preparations beforehand.

B) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.

C) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.

D) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.

10.A) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.

B) Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.

C) Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.

D) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.

11.A) Anticipate possible problems.

B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.

C) Picture themselves succeeding.

D) Try to appear more professional.

12.A) She wore a designer dress.

B) She won her first jury trial.

C) She did not speak loud enough.

D) She presented moving pictures.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13.A) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.

B) Its health benefits have been overestimated.

C) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.

D) It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.

14.A) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.

B) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.

C) It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.

D) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.

15.A) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.

B) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.

C) Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.

D) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.A) Observing the changes in marketing.

B) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.

C) Studying the hazards of young people drinking.

D) Investigating the impact of media on government.

17.A) It is the cause of many street riots.

B) It is getting worse year by year.

C) It is a chief concern of parents.

D) It is an act of socialising.

18.A) They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.

B) They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.

C) They analysed their family budgets over the years.

D) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.A) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.

B) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.

C) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.

D) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.

20.A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.

B) Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.

C) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.

D) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.

21.A) There was no food service on the train.

B) The service on the train was not good.

C) The restaurant car accepted cash only.

D) The cash in her handbag was missing.

22.A) By putting money into envelopes.

B) By drawing money week by week.

C) By limiting their day-to-day spending.

D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23.A) Population explosion.

B) Chronic hunger.

C) Extinction of rare species.

D) Environmental deterioration.

24.A) They contribute to overpopulation.

B) About half of them are unintended.

C) They have been brought under control.

D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.

25.A) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.

B) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.

C) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.

D) It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention.

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to 27 the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years.

Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain 29 that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning 30 ” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason.

However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use 31 metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.

Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly 32 earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global 33 for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are 34 advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be 35 measured, more people will seek higher education and come out better thinkers.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon

A) Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long.” Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

B) Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.

C) Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.” The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields—which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.

D) Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the

projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling- down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (页岩）oil, point to a “low for long" scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $ 60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.

E) Natural gas and coal also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the world’s coal.

F) Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地热). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.

G) Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.

H) Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.

I) The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

J) Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Ni?o (厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

K) Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

L) The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put

a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.

M) Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

N) Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to overuse fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral (附带的) costs.

O) The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.

36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.

37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.

39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.

40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.

41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.

42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today’s world.

43. Even major fossil fuel exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.

44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.

45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.

Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist；grant funders were not pushing for sharing；it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.

Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world；it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. "I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. "It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”

Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

46.What do many researchers generally accept?

A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.

B) Repositories are essential-to scientific research.

C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.

D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.

47.What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?

A) Opposed.

B) Ambiguous.

C) Liberal.

D) Neutral.

48.According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?

A) The fear of massive copying.

B) The lack of a research culture.

C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.

D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.

49.What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?

A) The ever-growing demand for big data.

B) The advancement of digital technology.

C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.

D) The trend of social and economic development.

50.Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing _______.

A) is becoming increasingly popular

B) benefits sharers and users alike

C) makes researchers successful

D) saves both money and labor

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.

The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods,” said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.

However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离）off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.

The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.

Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its

position in the category.

One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in- store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.

51.What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.？

A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.

B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession.

C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.

D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.

52.What does Macy’s believe about its problems?

A) They can be solved with better management.

B) They cannot be attributed to weather only.

C) They are not as serious in its online stores.

D) They call for increased investments.

53.In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to ______.

A) cut the salary of senior executives

B) relocate some of its chain stores

C) adjust its promotion strategies

D) reduce the size of its staff

54.Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?

A) To experiment on its new business concept.

B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing.

C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.

D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.

55.What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season?

A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.

B) Its retail sales exceeded those of T.J. Maxx.

C) It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.

D) It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.

Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案

Part ⅠWriting

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we are looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—Happiness at Work. John, tell us about the first survey.

M: Well, “this was done by a human resources consultancy who interviewed more than 1,000 workers and established a top 10 of the factors which make people happy at work.

(1) The most important factor，for the majority of the people interviewed，was having friendly，supportive colleagues. In fact，73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work，which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.

W: So we are not mainly motivated by money?

M: Apparently not.

W: Any other interesting information in the survey?

M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as very happy at work. (2) However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy. W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey.

(3) First of all, small is beautiful. People definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.

W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?

M: (4) And workers on part-time contracts who only work 4 or 5 hours a day are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

W: Are bosses happier than their employees?

M: Yes. Perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

答案

1. B)

2. B)

3. A)

4. C)

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W: Mr. De Keyzer, I am a great lover of your book, Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in the subject matter?

M: (6) In 2006，when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. (5) This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

W: You wrote in the book “I don’t want to photograph the disaster; I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?

M: (7) It is clear now that it’s a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, reaching history, before it’s too late—as a last witness.

W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?

M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images，you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy No.1. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. (8) Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.

W: Thank you，Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

答案

5. D)

6. C)

7. A)

8. D)

Section B

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

(9) When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied, “I don’t want to look too inexperienced; I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial." This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don’ts” syndrome, a form of negative goal setting. The “don’ts" can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures. (10) Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself ‘‘Don’t hit the ball into the water,” his mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go. (11) Consequently，before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial, and this time she said, “I want to look professional and self-assured.” I told her to create a picture of what “self-assured” would look like. To her it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. (12) A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal，the young lawyer did win.

9. C)

10. D)

11. C)

12. B)

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. (13) Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital, finds it hard to get teenage patients’ attention about healthy eating by telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age. That’s a powerful message. (14) The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life. (15) The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day—men even more.

答案详解

13. C)

14. D)

15. A)

Section C

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

(16) Well，my current research is really about consumer behavior. So recently, I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to government at the moment. I’ve also looked at how older people are represented in the media. Again, it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK, and indeed, world society. I’m also interested in how consumers operate online and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops. Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumers’ perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumers’ perspective. (17) For example, in the case of young people’s drinking, one of the things that I’ve identified is that drinking for people, say, between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity. A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely, and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there. The key thing about consumer behavior is that it’s very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing, so we have to look at what consumers are doing. Currently I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year，and we looked at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising. So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it, and getting involved, sometimes doing primary research. (18) For example，last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analysed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there is a whole range of interesting research out there. And I think as the years go on, there is going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

答案

16. B)

17. D)

18. A)

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

(19) Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies. Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft and dirty money.

Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Holder, the chief economist at the Bank of England, suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense? The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives，and the ease of electronic payments. Is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?

(20) Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago. She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money, because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need. She was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags. (21) During this experiment，Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car

was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash. (22) “It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes. They’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles，and put them in envelops, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending.”

Nowadays, we are all on credit cards; we are doing online purchases and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our heads around.

答案

19. D)

20. C)

21. C)

22. A)

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You will be growing up in the generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries, and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen, and as a taxpayer, and as a voter, what’s really behind the arguments.

(23) I want to tell you about the past，present and future of the human population？so let，s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away. They don’t have secure water supplies to drink. Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women. And about 200 to 250 million women don’t have access to birth control they want, so that they can’t control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. (24) About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems. Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It’s not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses, like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy, all that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis. I see demography as a central subject related to economics.

(25) It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world to improve the wellbeing not only of yourself, important as that maybe, but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.

答案

23. B)

24. B)

25. A)

Part ⅢReading Comprehension Section A

26. L)

27. F)

28. E)

29. D)

31. O)

32. B)

33. K)

34. C)

35. A)

section B

答案

36.D)

37. L）

38. J）

39. E)

40. H)

41. A)

42.G)

43. F)

44. O)

45. B)

Section C

Passage One

答案

46. D)

47. A)

48. C)

49. C)

50. B)

Passage Two

答案

51. A）

52. B）

53. D)

54. D)

55. A)

Part ⅣTranslation

参考译文

The Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, was depicted as one of the greatest periods of human history for its good governance and social stability. During this period, the thriving handicrafts industry fostered the development of market economy and urbanization. Commodities, including alcohol and silk products, were available on the market in large quantities. At the same time, clocks and tobacco products, among many other foreign goods, were imported. Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou emerged as large commercial centers one after another. It was also during the Ming Dynasty that fleets headed by Navigator Zheng He made seven large-scale, adventurous voyages to the Indian Ocean. What is also worth mentioning is that three of the Four Great Classical Novels of China were written during this period.

2017年6月英语六级第一套及答案解析

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously. C) He draws on his real-life experiences. D) He often turns to his wife for help. 4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college. B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C) High college dropout rates among black athletes. D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes. 6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game. B) They are better at sports than at academic work. C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies. 7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%. C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%. 8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them. B) College degrees do not count much to them. C) They have little interest in academic work. D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose

2017年大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解

2017年大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一; 3. 在我看来…… My Views on University Ranking Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare. Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案(部分)

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案(部分)

2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一：国内国外上大学 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二：文科还是理科 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文： Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities，directly or indirectly，can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine，which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personality and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world. Above all, in such a society where emphasis，more often than not，is laid on the depth of one’s thought, to choose humanities as one’s major, must be the best way .

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第三套)

2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第三套）“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。” Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others,and you will be helped when you are in need "you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。 Part II Listening comprehension(30miutes) Section a Section a Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1、a)they forbid business produce more foods than needed b)they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy c)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale d)they reward businesses that eliminate food waste 2、a)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction b)it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales c)it voted against food import from outside europe d) imposed penalties on businesses that waste food 3. a)it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods b) it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste c) it has warmed its people against possible food shortag d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods 4. a)americans habit of buying food in bulk. b)a lack of regulation on food consumption.

2017年6月大学英语六级真题+答案解析全三套

文档编号：YLWK239517 2017 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套) Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 2.A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C)They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 3.A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B)He writes several books simultaneously. C)He draws on his real-life experiences. D)He often turns to his wife for help. 4.A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D)Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A) A chievements of black male athletes in college. B)Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C)High college dropout rates among black athletes. D)Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes. 6.A) They display great talent in every kind of game. B)They are better at sports than at academic work. C)They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies. D)They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree. 7.A) About 15%. B) Around 40%. C)Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%. 8.A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them. B)College degrees do not count much to them. C)They have little interest in academic work. D)Schools do not deem it a serious problem. Section B

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题第一套试卷及答案

2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案 （一） Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University? It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow. In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be. In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案 第1套 选词填空

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套选词填空 After becoming president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to__27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years. Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many college " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy. Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global 33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers. A. accurately B. confirm C. demanding D. doubtful E. drastically F. justify G. monopolized H. outcome I. predominance J. presuming K. reputation L. significant M. signify N. simultaneously O. standardized 答案：(26)L. significant (27)F. justify (28)E. drastically (29)D. doubtful (30)H. outcome (31)O. standardized (32)B. confirm (33)K. reputation (34)C. demanding (35)A. accurately 2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇 Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequence sat the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objects—but these remain the excepti on, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not

2017年-6-月英语六级真题及答案

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案（三套全） 2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一：国内国外上大学 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二：文科还是理科 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文： Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities，directly or indirectly，can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine，which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personali ty and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world.

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年6 月英语六级真题及答案（三套全） 2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一：国内国外上大学 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二：文科还是理科 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文： Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities，directly or indirectly，can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine，which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personali ty and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world. Above all, in such a society where emphasis，more often than not，is laid on the depth of one’s thought, to choose humanities as one’s major, must be the best way .