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2015.11.20易错题

2015.11.20易错题
2015.11.20易错题

11.13-11.17高三物理测试易错题

1.如图所示,一弓形线圈通过逆时针方向的电流,在其圆弧的圆心处,垂直于纸面放置一直导线,当直导线通有指向纸内的电流时,线圈将 ( ).

A .a 端向纸内,b 端向纸外转动,且靠近导线

B .a 端向纸内,b 端向纸外转动,且远离导线

C .a 端向纸外,b 端向纸内转动,且靠近导线

D .a 端向纸外,b 端向纸内转动,且远离导线

2.如图所示为一种获得高能粒子的装置,环形区域内存在垂直纸面向外、大小可调节的均匀磁场,质量为m ,电荷量为+q 的粒子在环中做半径

为R 的圆周运动,A 、B 为两块中心开有小孔的极板,原来电势都为零,每当粒子顺时针飞经A 板时,A 板电势升高为U ,B 板电势仍保持为零,粒子在两板间电场中得到加速,每当粒子离开B 板时,A 板电势又降为

零,粒子在电场一次次加速下动能不断增大,而绕行半径不变( )

A .粒子从A 板小孔处由静止开始在电场作用下加速,绕行n 圈后回到

A 板时获得的总动能为2nqU

B .在粒子绕行的整个过程中,A 板电势可以始终保持为+U

C .在粒子绕行的整个过程中,每一圈的周期不变

D .为使粒子始终保持在半径为R 的圆轨道上运动,磁场必须周期性递增,则粒子绕行第

n 圈时的磁感应强度为1R 2nmU q

3.如图所示,一个边长L 、三边电阻相同的正三角形金属框放置在磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中。若通以图示方向的电流(从A 点流入,从C 点流出),电流强度为I ,则金属框受到的磁场力为( )

A .0

B .ILB C.43

ILB D .2ILB 4.如图所示,a 、b 为竖直正对放置的两平行金属板,其中a 板带正电、两板间的电压为U ,在金属板下方存在一有界的匀强磁场,磁场的上边界为与两金属板下端重合的水平面

PQ ,PQ 下方的磁场范围足够大,磁场的磁感应强度大小为B ,一比荷为q m

的带正电粒子以速度v 0从两板中间位置沿与a 、b 平行方向射入两板间的偏转电场,不计粒子重力,粒子通过偏转电场后从PQ 边界上的M 点进入磁场,运动一段时间后又从PQ 边界上的N 点射出磁场,设M 、N 两点距离为x (M 、N 点在图中未画出)。则以下说法中正确的是( )

A .只减小磁感应强度

B 的大小,则x 减小

B .只增大初速度v 0的大小,则x 减小

C .只减小带电粒子的比荷q m

,则x 不变

D .只减小偏转电场的电压U 的大小,则x 不变

5. 如图所示,在x 轴下方的第Ⅲ、Ⅳ象限中,存在垂直于xOy 平面方向的匀强磁场,磁感应强度B 1=2B 2=2B ,带电粒子a 、b 分别从x 轴上的P 、Q 两点(图中没有标出)以垂直于x 轴方向的速度同时进入匀强磁场B 1、B 2中,两粒子恰在第一次通过y 轴时发生正碰,碰撞前带电粒子a 的速度方向与y 轴正方向成60°角,若两带电粒子的比荷分别为k 1、k 2,进入磁场时的速度大小分别为v 1、v 2,不计粒子重力和两粒子间相互作用,则下列关系正确的是( )

A .k 1=2k 2

B .2k 1=k 2

C .v 1=2v 2

D .2v 1=v 2

6.在半导体离子注入工艺中,初速度可忽略的磷离子P +和P 3+,经

电压为U 的电场加速后,垂直进入磁感应强度大小为B 、方向垂直

纸面向里、有一定宽度的匀强磁场区域,如图所示.已知离子P +在

磁场中转过θ=30°后从磁场右边界射出.在电场和磁场中运动

时,离子P +和P 3+( )

A .在电场中的加速度之比为1∶1

B .在磁场中运动的半径之比为1:3

C .在磁场中转过的角度之比为1∶2

D .离开电场区域时的动能之比为1∶3

7.如图甲所示,比荷q m

=k 的带正电的粒子(可视为质点),以速度v 0从A 点沿AB 方向射入长方形磁场区域,长方形的长AB =3L ,宽AD =L 。取粒子刚进入长方形区域的时刻为0时刻,垂直于长方形平面的磁感应强度按图乙所示规律变化(以垂直纸面向外的磁场方向为正方向),粒子仅在洛伦兹力的作用下运动。

(1)若带电粒子在通过A点后的运动过程中不再越过AD边,要使其恰能沿DC方向通过C 点,求磁感应强度B0及其磁场的变化周期T0为多少?

(2)要使带电粒子通过A点后的运动过程中不再越过AD边,求交变磁场磁感应强度B0和变化周期T0的乘积B0T0应满足什么关系?

8.如图甲所示,在以O为坐标原点的xOy平面内,存在着范围足够大的电场和磁场,一个带正电小球在t=0时刻以v0=3gt0的初速度从O点沿+x方向(水平向右)射入该空间,在t0时刻该空间同时加上如图乙所示的电场和磁场,其中电场方向竖直向上,场强大小

E0=mg

q

,磁场垂直于xOy平面向外,磁感应强度大小B0=

πm

qt0

,已知小球的质量为m,带

电荷量为q,时间单位为t0,当地重力加速度为g,空气阻力不计.试求:

(1)t0末小球速度的大小;

(2)小球做圆周运动的周期T和12t0末小球速度的大小;

(3)在给定的xOy坐标系中,大体画出小球在0到24t0内运动轨迹的示意图;

(4)30t0内小球距x轴的最大距离.

9.如图所示,M 、N 为两块带等量异种电荷的平行金属板,两板间电压可取从零到某一最大值之间的各种数值。静止的带电粒子带电荷量为+q ,质量为m (不计重力),从点P 经电场加速后,从小孔Q 进入N 板右侧的匀强磁场区域,磁感应强度大小为B ,方向垂直于纸面向外,CD 为磁场边界上的一绝缘板,它与N 板的夹角为0

45=θ,孔Q 到板的下端C 的距离为L ,当M 、N 两板间电压取最大值时,粒子恰垂直打在CD 板上,求:

(1)两板间电压的最大值U m ;

(2)CD 板上可能被粒子打中区域的长度S ;

(3)粒子在磁场中运动的最长时间t m 。

答案:1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.BCD

7. (1)n v 0kL 2πL 3n v 0(n =1、2、3…) (2)B 0T 0≤5π3k

8.2000)23329

)(4(13)2(10)1(gt gt gt π++

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