仁爱英语九年级下册笔记

Topic1 SectionB

1.Though I have no time to travel. I still felt very happy.

though/ although 不能与but 连用。但although或though 可以和get或still 连用，以加强转折语气。如：

Though he has a lot of work to do, he often helps these old men.

=He has a lot of work to do, but he often helps these old men.

Though he was so tired, he still kept working yesterday evening.

【拓展】另外，because和so用法也其相同。如：

Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

= He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

2.My granny told me that most children had a hard life before.

have a hard life 过着艰难的生活，也可以用live a hard life。

【链接】live/ have a happy life 过着幸福的生活

Live/ have a normal life 过着正常的生活

3.Is that so?

这个句子是对上文所说的话表示惊讶，相当于Really？如：

-----Tom lost the game.

------ Is that so? / Really?

4.Can you describe it in detail?

(1) describe v. 描述它的名词是description。如：

Ｔhe police asked her to describe the two men.

The things sounds a little strange from your description.

【拓展】describe sb./sth. For/ to do. 向某人描述某人、某事如：

Can you describe our new friend for/ to me?

(2) in detail 意思“详细地”，相当于一个副词。如：

He asked the book in detail and learned a lot from it.

5.Parents couldn’t afford an education for their children.

(1)afford 常用在can, could, be able to 之后，意为“担负得起（……的费用，损失，后果等）；抽得出（时间）。”afford还有“提供，给予，出产”的

意思。如：

At last, we could afford a house. (担负得起)

Reading affords pleasure. (提供，给予)

(2)education n. 意为“教育”，受过教育用动词have/ get。如：

He had a good (college) education.

【拓展】educate v. educated adj. educator n.(教育工作者)

She educated students on cherishing(珍惜) life.

Confucius（孔子） is a great educator.

6.In order to help support their families, they had to be child laborers.

The government gives support to poor families.

(1) in order to…意为“为了……”后面加动词原形。如：

What should I have to do in order to get there early?

【拓展】 in order + that从句如：

We must work hard in order that we finish the work on time.

= In order to finish the work on time, we must work hard.

(2) support 在第一句中是动词，而在第二句中却是名词。give support to…为……提供帮助如：

He has a large family to support. (动词，表“供养”) We should give support to poor children.（名词，表“扶持”）He needs our support. （名词，表“支持”）

7.Luckily, with the development of China, many things…

with引导的介词短语结构在句在作伴随状语。如：

With his help, I finished my work.

development n. 发展它是由动词develop派生出来的。如：

When we got to Shenzhen, we were surprised at the development of it. 【拓展】developing countries 发展中国家；developed countries 发达国家如：

China is the largest developing country in the world.

Japan is a developed country.

Section C

1.My granny has lived in Beijing for more than forty year.

more than 意为“超过，多于”，相当于over。for后加一段时间，常和完成时连用。

【链接】more…than…意为“比……更……”，是比较线的一种用法，中间多接名词、多音节的形容词或副词原级。

2.She has seen the changes in Beijing herself.

see sb. doing sth. Oneself 意为“亲眼看见某人做某事”，相当于see… in person或see …with one’s own eyes。如：

I saw him stealing something myself.

=I saw him stealing something in person.

She saw me helping the old man herself.

= She saw me helping the old man with her own eyes.

3.People kept in couch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram.

（1）keep/ be in touch with 与……保持联系如：

I have kept in touch with all my old friends.

Are you still in touch with your friends from middle school?

【拓展】 (1) get in touch with... 与……取得联系如：

I’m trying to get in touch with Jane.

(2) lose touch with 与……失去联系如：

I’ve lost touch with my cousin.

（2）far away遥远，常放在句末做后置定语。如：

They live in a village far away.

【拓展】(1)faraway adj. 遥远的。如：

a faraway town 一个遥远的小镇

(2) far away from + 某地，意为“离……遥远”。如果前面有具体数字时，则不能连用far。如：

My home is far away from Beijing.

My hometown is about 100 kilometers away form Shanghai.

4.China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up.

since后接过去的是时间点，谓语动词通常用完成时。如：

I have taught English since nine years ago.

5.People can enjoy more sorts of leisure activities.

a sort of 一种；sorts of 多种如：

There are all sorts of flowers in this garden.

【链接】 a kind of 一种；kinds of 多种如：

There are all kinds of shoes in the shop.

【拓展】sort v. 把……分类，整理；挑选如：

They sorted the apples according to the size.

6.Children can study not only in modern schools but also on the Internet. not only… but also的用法：

not only… but al so是“不仅……而且……”的意思，连接两个并列成分。如：Tom likes not only basketball but also football.(连接宾语)

Not only my parents but also I am a teacher.(连接主语)

【想一想】为什么第二句中的谓语动词用am而不用are?

这是因为not only… but also连接主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则，和but also之后的主语保持一致。如：

Not only the boys but also Maria has been to the Great wall.

【链接】与其相似的表达还有“both…and… ……和……两者都”。两个短语可以互换。但both…and…连接主语时，其后谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

Not only Jane but also I am interested in music.

=Both Jane and I are interested in music.

7.Beijing has made rapid progress and it has already successed in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.

(1) make progress 取得进步如：

Tom is making much progress at school.

【拓展】make progress with... 在……（方面）取得进步如：

He has made great progress with his English.

(2) succeeded in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事，相当于be successful in (doing) sth. 如：

We succeeded in arriving in Beijing at last.

= We were successful in arriving in Beijing at last.

If you want to succeed in business, be ambitious(胸怀大志).

【链接】succeed的名词是success, 形容词是successful。

Sectiom D

1.First, consider it carefully.

consider v. 考虑，细想；认为如：

Please consider my suggesstion.

【拓展】(1) consider + v-ing 如：

I’m considering changing my job.

(2) consider... (as) 把……看作如：

We consider him (as) our friend.

(3) consider + what to do 如：

Please consider what to do. 请考虑一下怎么办。

(4) consider + 从句如：

I’m considering whether he will come.

2.plant crops with the help of farm animals

with the help of 在……的帮助下

【链接】with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下，等于with one’s help。如： With the help of the teacher(=With the teacher’s help), she passed the exam.

3.Next, draw up an outline.

draw up 起草，拟定如：

First, we should draw up a list of names. 首先，我们应该拟定名单。

4.Thanks to the government’s efforts, Li Ming’s hometown is becoming better and better.

句中thanks to表示“由于”。它和because及because of的区别：

这三个词都可以表示原因。

thanks to意为“多亏了，由于”，带有“感谢”的感情色彩，表示由于某个人或某物的存在才有某种好的结果，其后跟名词、代词、动名词等名词短语。如：Thanks to your help, I chould finish my work.

because与because of均是普通用法，表示理由，没有感情色彩；because后跟从句，because of后跟名词、代词、动名词。

Topic2 Section A

副词already, ever, never, yet, just, before的区别

I have just called you,…我刚刚给你打过电话，……

I have never been there before,…我以前从未去过那里，……

Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？

Have you ever been to France? 你曾去过法国吗？

Yes, I have seen him already. 是的，我已经见过他了。

现在完成时常也下列副词连用：already( 多用于肯定陈述句),never(多用于陈述句，表示否定),ever(多用于疑问句),yet(多用于否定句，表示“还没，尚未”；用于疑问句时表示“已经”),just(位于谓语动词之前),before(一般位于句末)。如：

(1)----Would you like to go to see the film? ---- No, I’ve seen it already.

(2)---- Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? ---- No, never.

(3)I have never lost a library book before.

(4)----What have you done with the nuts(坚果)? ----I’ve just given them to the bird.

(5)----Have you milked the cow yet? 你们挤了牛奶没有？ ---- No, we haven’t done it yet.

【拓展】already也可以用于疑问句中，表示疑惑，出乎意料或惊讶。如：Two weeks ago, the panda had a baby. Have you forgotten that already?

2.---- I really hate to go to such a place.

----- So do I .

So do I.为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，意为“某某也一样”，结构为“so+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+另一个主语”。此句所用的时态要与前句的时态相同。“be/ 情态动词/ 助动词”的形式要与后面的主语一致。如：

----Kangkang is a good student. ---- So is Maria.

---- They must come. ---- So must I .

----Lucy sings very well. ---- So does Lily.

---- Tom has finished the task. ---- So have I .

【拓展】如果表示赞同，用“so+主语+ be/ 情态动词/ 助动词”这一结构，意为“……的确如此”。主语与上文指同一人或物。如：

---- It was a cold yesterday. --- So it was.

---- How fast she runs! ---- So she does.

5. At that time, China had the largest population in the world and it was not well developed.那时，中国是世界上最多人口的国家，而且不发达。population(总称)人口，人数可以用large/ small等形容词修饰。作主语，谓语动词用单数。

【拓展】（1）the population of………的人口；have a population+数量

有……人口；the population of + 国家/ 地区……的人口。如：

The population of the city rose by 2 0 percent.这个城市人口增加了20%。

India has a large population.

a population of nine million

(2) What’s the population of…? ……的人口是多少？针对人口数量提问，用what而不用how much。如：

What was the population of Europe in 1990?

【链接】“某地有多少人”共有四种表达方法。如：澳大利亚有多少人？What’s the population of Australia?

How many people are there in Australia?

How large is the population in Australia?

What’s the number of people in Australia?

6.But great changes have taken place in China in recent years.但近年来中国发生了巨大的变化。

【想一想】此句中take place意为“发生”，它后面可以接宾语吗？

答案是不可以。因为它是一个不及物动词短语，当我们说举办了什么活动或发生了什么事时，不能用take place sth. 而用sth. take place。

take place和以前学过的happen都有表示“发生”的意思。而take place往往用于有计划地发生或进行。如：

A great celebration on their success will soon take place.

而happen是指偶然发生。如：

An accident happened to him yesterday.

还要注意的是，take place和happen都是不及物动词，均不能接宾语，故不能用于被动语态。

7.China had a larger population than any other country in the world.中国的人口比世界上其他任何一个国家都要多。

这里用比较级结构表示最高级含义。如“李好在他班里是最高的”的不同表达：Li Hao is the tallest student in his class.

Li Hao is taller than any other student in his class.

Li Hao is taller than the other students in his class.

Li Hao is taller than anyone else in his class.

【注意】在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较对象的范围之外。如：

China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较，故用any other)

China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(不同范围内，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较，故用any.)

8. ---- No one likes “Little Emperors”. 没有人喜欢“小皇帝”。Neither do my parents.我父母亲也不喜欢。

Neither do my parents. 为倒装句，表示前面提到的否定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表示“……也不这样”。结构为“neither/ nor + be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+另一个主语”。如：

----Tina isn’t a lazy girl. ----Neither/ Nor am I .

----My granny can’t carry the box. ---- Neither/ Nor can my sister. ----Tom has never been to Hainan. ----Neither/ Nor have we.

3.He says he has never been to such a beautiful country before.

such a beautiful country意为“如此美丽的国家”。

such & so用法区别：so修饰形容词或副词的原级，such修饰名词，有时两者可能互换。如：

such a nice girl = so nice a girl

但名词前面如果出现much, many, little, few等表示数量的词的时候要用so。如：

so many people

4.But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但他们的生活条件似乎不是很好。

It seems后接that从句，表示“似乎，好像……”。如：

It seems that he was late for school.

【链接】(1)seem是系动词，近义词是appear，后接形容词、名词或名词短语构成系表结构。如：

He seemed quite happy with the work. 他看起来对工作很满意。 He seems a nice man.

(2) seem to后接动词原形，意为“似乎”，表示推测。

sb./ sth. seem to do sth.=It seems that +sb./ sth…某人或某物似乎……如：

We seem to be late. = It seems that we are going to be late.

(3) seem的其他常见结构：

seem (to be ) + 表语。如：He seems (to be) quite happy. It seems that + 从句。如：It seems that he is quite happy.

Section B

increase by +倍数或百分数

(e.g.)The cost of living has increased by three times.

increase to +具体数字

(e.g.)The price of the house has increased to 500 000.

carry out 实行, 进行, 执行

(e.g.) We will carry out a new plan to improve our English.

carry + 代词 +out

(e.g.) It’s easy to carry it out.

1.…, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. …. one fifth 五分之一表示“几分之几的……”时，采用“分数+of+…”的形式。如：

two thirds of the students 三分之二的学生

英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于１时，分母的序数词变为复数，直接在词尾加s。可以这样记：巧记英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。分子大于１,分母加s。如：

one fourth (a quarter) two thirds

a (one) half four and one half

分数作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间加of。如：

Three fifths of the students in our class are girls.

I ate two thirds of that apple.

【拓展】分数后面可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数和分数词之后的名词的数保持一致。如：

Three fifths of the students have passed the exams.

One half of the bread has gone had because of bad weather.

2.For example, we are short of energy and water.

be short of 缺乏，短缺。如：

She is always short of money.

【链接】(1) for short 简称，缩写如：

You can call him Bob for short.

(2) be short for 是……的缩写如：

TV is short for television.

3.So far, our government has taken many measures to control the population.

(1) so far 到目前为止，迄今为止，常与现在完成时连用。如：

We have learnt over 2000 words so far.

(2) take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事如：

It is necessary for you to take some measures to work it out.

4.One is known as the one-child policy.

be known as意为“作为……而出名”，相当于be famous as。如：

Qi Baishi was known as an artist in the world.

=Qi Baishi was famous as an artist in the world.

She was well known as an excellent writer.

= She was famous as an excellent writer.

【拓展】be known for = be famous for 以／因……著名

for后加人或物之所以闻名的原因，常接表示特点、特长的名词。如：The film star is known for her fine acting./ The film star is famous for her fine acting.

那位电影明星以精湛的演技而出名。

5.It has worked well in controlling China’s population.

work well in sth./ doing sth. 表示“在某方面起明显的作用”。如：

Doing eye exercises woks well in protecting our eyesight.

Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.

【链接】work at 在……方面下工夫；work out计算，算出；work on从事，致力于如：

I was born in 1947, and you work out my age.

Don’t worry about that. I’m working on it.

SectionD

1.It has fewer than 600 people.

fewer than 少于，反义词为 more than (多于)。如：

There are fewer than 100 students on the playground.

2.I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.

(1) unless 连词，用于引导条件状语从句，意为“除非……”，相当于if…not。如：

I will not go unless I hear from you.

= I will not go if I don’t hear form you. (2) couple n. (一)对，（一）双，夫妇，指两人或两件事；a couple of表示两个或少数几个,相当于a few, several，修饰可数名词。如：

I found a couple of socks in he bedroom but they don’t make a pair. 我在卧室找到两只袜子，但配不成对。

I saw a couple of men getting out.

【链接】couple与pair

pair指两件不能分开使用的东西，它们可以是两件互不相连的东西，如鞋、袜、手套等；也可以是两部分构成的一件东西，如裤子、剪刀等。pair构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词要和pair的单复数一致。如：

a pair of shoes (socks, gloves) a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 The two pairs of shoes on the shelf are mine.

couple 指任何两件同类的东西。如：

a couple of cats两只猫 five couples of rabbits 五对兔子

3.People have to study and work hard to keep up with the quick development of modern society.

keep up with 齐步前进，跟上，并驾齐驱。如：

I can’t keep up with all the changes.我不能跟上所有的变化。

He had to hurry up to keep up with her.他只好加快脚步跟上她。【链接】keep up with sb. 有“与某人取得联系”的意思。如： How many of our old school friends do you keep up with?

4.Which kind of family do you belong to, an extended family or a nuclear

family?

belong to 意为“属于”，后接名词或代词，不用于被动句及进行时中。如：The car belongs to me.

Which group does he belong to?

【拓展】 belong in/ on/ under 分别表示某物应放在某处的里面／上面／下面。如：

The pen belongs in the pencil-box.

The box belongs under the bed.

*通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）,

already（已经）, before, yet（一般疑问句：已

经；否定句：还），never, ever等状语连用。

① I have never heard of that before.

② Have you ever ridden a horse?

③ She has already finished the work.

④ Have you milked the cow yet?

Yes, I have done that already.

⑤ I’ve just finished my homework.

⑥ He has not come yet.

Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.

Section A

1．。Y ou have been in New Y ork for a long time.

have been为现在完成时结构，been为be的过去分词，这表明be这种状态从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在。

现在完成时的用法为：表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状况（即开始于过去，直到现在尚未完成的动作或尚未结束的状态）。常与表示从过去到现在的一段时间状语（for+一段时间；since+过去的某个时间点／一般过去时的句子；since+一段时间+ago）连用。如：

W e have learned English for about two years/ since 2007.

我们大约学了两年英语了。／我们从２００７年就学英语了。

They have known each other since five years ago.

【想一想】本句中能不能把have been in改为have been to或have gone to呢？

答案是不能。因为have/ has been to 指曾经去地（某地），现在已经不在那个地方了，常和ever(曾经),never(从来不),once(一次)等连用，表示以前的经历。如：

Nancy has never been to the Great W all.

而have/ has been in 是待在（某地）的意思，不但去了，还待在那，所以这个动作可能延续一定的时间，后排常接表示一段时间的状语。如：

My sister has been in Hong Kong for a year.

have / has gone to表示去了（某地），可能在那个地方或去那个地方的途中，强调不在说话的现场，而不指在某地待多长时间。第一人称（I, we）和第二人称（you）以及在说话现场的人都不能使用这一结构。如：

-----Where is Jane? ----- She has gone to New Y ork.

若是“她在纽约３天了。”要表达成：

She has been in New Y ork for 3 days.

1.How do you like living there?

How do you like (doing) sth.? 你觉得（做）某事怎么样？其同义说法还有：What do you think of (doing) sth.? 如：

How do you like this book? = What do you think of this book?

2.Oh, you will get used to it very soon if you come.

get used to习惯于

get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事，可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态，get可用be/ become等来代替。如：

He will be (has been) used to getting up early.

【链接】(1) used to do sth. 过去总做某事（现在不做了）；只用于过去时态。

used to的否定式可为used not to，也可为didn’t use to。疑问式也有两

种：Did... use to? 或Used...to?如：

He used to be a quiet boy.

Did he use to be a quiet boy?/ Used he to be a quiet boy?

(2) be used to do sth. 被用于做某事，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。如：

W ood is used to make paper.

【注意】be/ get/ become used to (doing) sth. 中to是介词，而used to do sth. 中的to接动词原形，构成动词不定式。

3.As a matter of fact, it’s a wonderful place to live.

as a matter of fact 实际上，其实；同义词组为in fact。如：

I haven’t been here long. As a matter of fact, I just got off the plane yesterday

morning.

我到这里没多久，实际上，我昨天早上刚下飞机。

4.Y ou must come for a visit.

must是情态动词，意为“一定要，务必”，常用于表达希望尽快做某事，是一种提出建议的表达方式。如：

Y ou must read the book because it’s very interesting.

5.构词法：见书本P121页。

Section B

1.The article says one city has a wonderful program. Since it started, it has

helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life.

(1)say + 从句，表示“（文字材料）记载，写到”。如：

It is said in the paper that there were no survivors（生还者）.

Her passport says she is nineteen.

【拓展】say有“显示，表明”之意。如：

She was smiling but her eyes said she was unhappy.

(2)live a normal life 过正常的生活

【链接】live a hpaay life过上幸福的生活; have a hard life过着艰苦的生活;

have a quiet life过着平静的生活如：

He has had a quiet life since he retired（退休）.

2.W ell, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help

them.

(1)once在本句中是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”如

果从句为现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时或现在完成时），主句常

用一般将来时，有时主句也会用一般现在时，表示反复经常性动作，或

者主从句均用过去的某种时态。如：

Once you have heard the sone, you will never forget it.

一旦你听到这首歌，你会永远忘不了它。

【链接】once adv. 一次如：

I only met him once.

They often get together once or twice a year.

once adv. 曾经，一度如：

Once there was an old man in the village.

(2)in need 在困难时，在贫困之中介词短语作后置定语修饰名词

people。Need是名词，意为“（食物、钱或生活来源的）短缺，缺乏”。

如：

The charity aims to provide help to people in need.

这个慈善机构的宗旨是向有困难的人提供帮助。

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 〔谚〕患难见真情。

He helped me in my hour of need. 在我困难的时候，他帮助了我。(3)decide on决定，选定。如：

W e are still trying to decide on a venue（会场）.

【链接】decide (not) to do sth. 决定做（不做）某事如：

As there was no time left, they decided to set off at once.

因为没有时间了，他们决定立刻动身。

3.The program also provides them with nice house. It trains them so that they

can find jobs again.

(1) provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物如：

这所学校为学生提供食物。The school provided food for the students.

The school provided the students with food.

(2) so that意为“以便，以致；这样一来”，引导目的状语从句。如：

They started early so that they could get there on time.

【链接】so... that... 如此……以致……，引导结果状语从句。如：

It was so crowded in the market that we got lost yesterday.

4.I think it is important fro these people to feel good about themselves.

(1)feel good about…对……感觉好；feel good about oneself 自我感觉良好

(或有信心)，如：

Do you feel good about this hairstyle(发型)?

(2)it is + adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的如：

I think it’s very important for us to learn English well.

5.Bobby left the park two hours ago./ at 8 o’clock.

波比两个小时前/ 在八点钟离开了公园。

Bobby has been away from the park since 8 o’clock/ for two hours.

波比自从八点就离开公园了。/ 波比已离开公园两个小时了。

在上面的句子中，第一句中leave为瞬时性动词（短暂性动词），不能和表示一段时间的时间状语一起使用。如果有时间段的时间状语，要将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。因为第三、四句分别出现了since 8 o’clock 和for 2 hours时间段状语，所以第一、二句中leave在第三、四句中改为延续性动词be away (from)…。类似的还有borrow--keep, die--be dead, buy--have, come to--bein/at, go out--be out, begin—start/ be on, join--be a member of, put on--wear, catch a cold--have a cold, get to know--know, becom--be, fall asleep--be asleep等。这些短暂性动词可用于现在完成时，但需注意能否与表示一段时间的状语搭配。如：

(1) He has become a doctorl 他已成为一名医生。

He has been a doctor for 5 years. 他当医生已经五年了。

(2) His grandfather has died. 他的祖父去世了。

His grandfather has been dead for ten years. 他祖父已经去世十年了。

(3) The film has gegun. 电影已经开始了。

The film has been on for 5 minutes. 电影已经放映五分钟了。

(4) Wu Peng has joined the English Club. 吴鹏已经加入英语俱乐部了。

Wu Peng has just been a member of the English Club for a month.

吴鹏加入英语俱乐部只有一个月。

(5) The factory opened 3 years ago. 工厂是3年前开业的。

The factory has been open for 3 years. 这工厂已经开办3年了。

(6) I borrowed the book three days ago. 我三天前借了这本书。

I have kept the book for three days. 这本书我借了3天了。

Section C

1. It is called Edmonton Community Services.

is called 为一般现在时的被动结构，即“be + 动词的过去分词”。如： He is called Little Tom.

2. It is famous for its success in helping homeless people return to a normal life. success n. 成功

【拓展】succeed vt. ; successful adj.

??

???s u c c e e d s u c c e s s f u

l s u c c e s s + in (doing) sth. 在……方面成功（成功做某事） 如： She ?

?????succeeded successful

was .in passing the exam.

I am proud of her success in passing the exam.

3. It helps homeless people get jobs and lends money to them so that they can rent apartments and buy clothes for their children.

lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把……借给某人

buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物

【注意】在helps homeless people get jobs 中，get jobs 作help 的宾语补足语，不要与lend sb. sth. 和buy sb. sth.中的直接宾语和间接宾语混淆。

4. The food is prepared, cooked and served by the street kids. At the same time, the kids are learngin restaurant skills.

这是一个含有被动语态的句子，被动语态句中的谓语由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成，by 后面接的是动作的发出者。

5. If anyone takes drugs, steals things or disobeys other rules, he can ’t stay in the program.

【想一想】这个句子是肯定句，为什么里面用anyone 而不用someone ？ 这是因为any 以及含有any 的不定代词可用于疑问句，否定句和条件状语从句中。如：

Is there any imk in the bottle?

If anyone calls me, please wake me up.

该句因为是条件状语从句，所以用了anyone而不是someone.

【拓展】some以及含有some的不定代词怎样使用？能否用于问句中呢？

some以及含有some的不定代词，用于肯定句或者期待得到肯定回答的疑问句中。如：

There are some trees in the yard.

Will you buy some apples?

W ould you like something to dring?

Section D

1.It aims to bring schools into poor areas of China…

aim to do sth. 旨在做某事；致力于做某事，力争达到。如：

He aims to be an engineer like his father in the future.

The project aims to provide some work chances for the homeless people.

2.In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 million yuan

from people at home and abroad.

(1)in the past sixteen years是介词短语作时间状语，通常与现在完成时

连用。如：

The have made many mistakes in the past five years.

(2)raise v. 征收，招募，筹集如：

raise an army招兵; raise money募捐

(3)at home and abroad 在国内外介词短语作后置定语，修饰

people。

3.It has paid for the education of 2.5 million poor sutdents and sent 2.3

million students to high school.

send sb. to sp. 送某人去某处

【拓展】send sb. to do sth. 派/ 打发某人去做某事；send for派人去请Send away撵走，开除，解雇；send up发射如：

4.【想一想】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

Topic 1 sectionA

1.The flowers and grass have gone!鲜花和绿草都消失了。

go 不及物动词，意为“不复存在，不见了”

e.g The pain has gone.疼痛消失了。

Her sight is going.她的视力不行了。

The fish is going bad.鱼快变质了。

Poor John is gone.可怜的约翰死了。

The company may go any day.这家公司随时会垮的。

Everything goes well.一切都好。

My watch won’t go.我手表不走了。

2.Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream..看，有几个化工厂正往小溪里排放废水。

(1) There be +sth./sb. + doing sth.有某人/某物正在做某事

e.g There are many people living in the area now. 现在有很多人住在那个地区。

拓展：There be sth./sb. to do sth. 有某人/某物（将要/过去/经常）做某事，有做某事的人/物。

e.g There are no people to go there.没有人要去那儿。

There were few machines to help us do farm work in the past.过去几乎没有机器帮我们做农活。

There will be no time to go shoping this weekend.这个周末没有时间去购物。

(2) pour….into…..向…..投入…..

e.g The government has poured millions of yuan into the education.政府在教育上投资数以百万元。

Please pour the sugar out of the bag into a pot.请把糖从袋中倒入罐内。

pour away倒掉

e.g Pour away the dirty water.把脏水倒掉

3. People pour waste water into rivers and lakes, so….人们往河里、湖里倾倒废水，因此……

waste adj.废弃的，无用的；n.浪费，损耗，消耗，荒地

It’s a waste of time.这是浪费时间。

Turn up all the wastes.开垦所有荒地。

拓展：waste v.浪费，其反义词为save

e.g Don’t waste electricity. Turn off the lights when you go out.别浪费电，出去时关掉灯。

4.Light pollution is harmful to birds.光污染对鸟类有害。

(1) pollution n.污染，不可数名词

e.g Air pollution is getting worse in the city.这个城市的空气污染越来越严重了。pollute v.污染，弄脏

e.g The factory polluted the rivers nearby.这家工厂污染了附近的河流。

(2) be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害

Sweet food is harmful to children’s teeth.甜食对孩子的牙齿有害。

Drinking too much wine is harmful to health.嗜酒对健康有害。

拓展：be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth.

e.g Reading in the sun is harmful to our eyes. = Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.在阳光下读书对我们的眼睛有害。

5.Litter influences our environment.垃圾影响我们的环境。

Influence v,影响，对…起作用，可以用副词greatly/strongly/heavily等来修饰。e,.g His wrings have strongly influenced millions of people.他的作品深刻地影响了千百万人。

e.g Don’t let me influence you either way.千万别受我影响。

拓展：influence n.作用，影响，可用形容词good/bad等修饰。have a strong influence on sb.对某人影响深

e.g What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？

influence 支配力，控制力，影响力，是不可数名词，常与over 连用。

e.g Her parents no longer have any real influence over her. 她父母对她不再有真正的约束力。

?陈述句

?用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意:可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that.不可直接说told that。

SectionB

1.The chemical factory produces terrible gas.化工厂向外排放难闻的气体。produce v. 出产，生产，制造

Australia produces wool and meat.澳大利亚盛产着羊毛和肉。

China produced many great writers.中国产生了很多伟大的作家。

Labour produces wealth.劳动创造财富。

辩析： make 与produce

二者用作动词作“制造”，“生产”讲时，一般可互换使用。

e.g The factory makes/produces cars.这个工厂制造小汽车。

make为普通用语，意为“做，建造，生产”，主语多为人，有时也可能是生产物品的某个地点。

e.g She make a cake for us. 她给我们做了一个蛋糕。

The shop makes shoes.这家店铺生产鞋子。

produce为正式用语，意为“产生，生产，制造”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物

e.g The field produces corns.这片地盛产玉米

2.I can’t stand the environment here. ….我不能忍受这儿的环境。

stand v. 容忍

stand +n./pron. 忍受….

e.g The boy is too impolite. We shouldn’t stand him any more.这个男孩太没礼貌了，我们不能再容忍他了。

I can’t stand the cold.我不能忍受这寒冷。

I can hardly stand working in an office.我几乎受不在办公室工作。

拓展：stand sb./sth. doing sth.容忍某人/某物做某事

e.g I can’t stand people dropping litter.我受不了人们乱扔垃圾。

3. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon.无论如何，我希望政府不久会解决这个问题。

anyway 副词，通常用于转换话题，结束谈话或回到原话题，意为“无论如何，反正”

e.g Anyway, let’s forget about that for the moment.无论如何，咱们暂时不要再提这件事了。

直接引语变为间接引语时：

如果直接引语是陈述句，则变为say引导的宾语从句；如果直接引语是疑问句

则变为ask引导的宾语从句。同时要注意当主句是一般过去时时，从句的时态也要相应的变为过去的某种时态。还要注意人称呦！！

直接引语变为间接引语时:

要注意时态和人称的变化，如果是特殊

疑问句还要注意变回陈述句语序。

如果直接引语是一般疑问句，应该变回陈述句语序，同时

前加if/whether。还应当注意时态和人称。

指示代词

this that these those

表示时间的词

now then today that day

yesterday the day before

last week(month ,etc.) the week(month ,etc.) before

three days (a year ,etc.) ago three days (a year. etc.) before tomorrow the next (following ) day

next week (month,etc.) the next (following ) week (month,etc.) 表地点的词

Here there

动词

bring take come go

SectionC

be harmful to = do harm to

harm v. & n.危害，伤害，损害

do great harm to…对……有着极大的损害

Eg. It not only disturbs others but also does

great harm to hearing.

quite a few = many

quite a little = much

very few 几乎没有几个

very little 几乎没有一点

not all 表示不完全否定，意为“不是所有的都……”。

同样结构的还有 not both, not every, all … not,

both … not, every … not

it is reported that …据报道……

no better than 同……一样(坏)

topic 2 sectionA

1.It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem. 它（文章）提到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。因此，空气污染已成为一个严重问题。

1） it says that…此句型中主语是事或物，表示用文字，数字等传达/表明某种信息。如：

It says “Best wishes to you ”on the card. 卡片上写着“向你致以最美好的祝愿。”

The clock in the hall said it was 7:30 . 大厅的钟显示是七点三十分。 It says in the instructions how much you should use. 说明书上说明了该用多少。

[链接] be said that … / be said to do sth. 据说……如：

She’s said to be a rich woman.据说她是个富有的女人。

It is said that the government will build a park here. 据说政府要在这里建个公园。

2) as a result (作为) 结果；由于如：

Miss Gao often helps me with my English in her free time. As a result, I can do well in it now . 高老师在业余时间经常帮助我学习英语，因此现

在我已经学得很好了。

2.But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.

但是政府正在做一些有益于环境保护的事情。

1）something useful 形容词修饰复合不代词时，要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如：

There is something interesting in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上登了一些有趣的内容。

2）useful是由“名词use+形容词后缀-ful”构成的。“名词+形容词后缀-ful”可构成形容词。如：

Painful 疼痛的 hopeful有希望的 careful 小心的，仔细的helpful 有帮助的 thankful感激的 beautiful 美丽的

3．None of us likes pollution. 没有人喜欢污染。

None pron. 没有一个，没有一点儿，全无。

[辨析] none , no one 和 nobody

1)none 可以指人，也可指物；而no one 和 nobody只能指人，不能指物。

2)none 后常接of 短语，构成“none of +名词/代词”结构。none of 后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；none of 后接复数名词、代词、单数集合名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；no one 后不能接of 短语，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

None of the work was done.

None of my friends has/have been there.

None of the books is interesting.

No one has been there.

3)在简略答语中，no one用来回答who的问句；而none则用来回答how many 或how much 引起的问句，不可混用。如：

—Who are you speaking to ?

—No one .

—How many students have been to West Lake ?

—None.

—How much milk is there in the bottle ?

—None

4)nobody相当于no one ，二都可用else 修饰，而none则不可以。如：

Nobody/No one else knows the secret. 没有其他人知道这个秘密。4．We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there. 我们不应该到处丢垃圾。

here and there 相当于everywhere ，意思是“到处，处处”。如：

He is looking for his lost cat everywhere/here and there. 他在到处找他丢失的小猫。

5．Everyone shoud care for wild animals and plant more trees. 每个人都应该关爱野生动物并且种更多的树。

[辨析] everyone 和 every one

仁爱英语九年级下册单词表

仁爱英语九年级下册单 词表 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

仁爱英语九年级下册单词 Unit5 Topic1Itattractslotsoftouristsfr omChinaandabroadeveryyear. attractv吸引，引起（兴趣、关注等） touristn.旅行者，观光者 fetchv.（去）取（物）来，（去） 带（人）来 guide n.指南，手册：向导，导游introducev．介绍，引见 liein 位于 certainlyadv.当然，是的：一定，无疑 Qinghai-TibetPlateau 青藏高原 well n.井 be（well）worthdoing…（很）值得做… experience v.经历：体验 n.经验；经历assoonaspossible 尽可能快地 surround v．围绕；包围touristattraction n.旅游景点 bridge n.桥 BrokenBridge 断桥LeifengPagoda 雷峰塔 △mainly adv.主要地：大部分地beknownas 以……而着称theOrientalPearl 东方明珠 heaven n.天堂，天国，极乐世 界：天，天空VictoriaPeak n.太平山（以维 多利亚女王命名） △gamble v．赌博gamblinghouse 赌场theRuinsofSt.Paul 大三巴牌坊（圣 保罗大教堂的前壁遗迹） island n.岛theTreasureIslandofChina 中国宝岛 various adj.各种各样的，不同的 breakdown 出故障，抛锚；失败， 遭受挫折 wayoflife 生活方式 flour n.面粉：粉 plainn.（大）平原 adj.家常的；普通的 Topic2Chinahasalongandgreathisto ry. sayingn.格言，谚语，警句：说，俗 staten.国家；（美国的）州；状态； 情形 defeat n.失败v．战胜，打败 empiren.帝国 forever＝foreveradv.永远：永恒地explorer n.探险者；勘查者 coastn.海岸；海滨 equipment n.装备，设备 △compass n.指南针，罗盘 total n.合计，总计 adj.总括的；总数的；完全 的，全然的 intotal 总共 army n..军队 wipe v.擦；擦净；擦干 wipeout 彻底消灭，全部摧毁 march n.游行，行进theLongMarch 长征

人教版九年级英语单元笔记梳理

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