考研英语翻译练习

补充练习（n. ——>v.)

?Indo-China War is a drain on French resource.

?The sight of the flowers gladdened her heart .

?她看到了那些花儿，这使她十分开心。

? A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.

?对原文进行自习地研究，你将能很好地进行翻译。

?The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

?我看到了喷气式飞机，听到了它发出的声音，这使我内心充满了特殊的向往之情。

?An acquaintance with world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.

?了解世界历史有助于研究当今时事。

?The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star.

?发明一道新菜要比发现一颗新星更能让人们感到快乐。

?The beauty of the scenery baffles（使受困）description.

?这美丽的风景是难以用言语描绘的。

? A view of the West Lake can be obtained from this house.

?从这座房子可以看到西湖的景色。

?He is a lover of Chinese painting.

?他热衷于中国画

?He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker.

?他从不抽烟，而他的父亲确长期抽烟

?He is a lot better actor than you think he is.

?他表演得比你想象的要好。

补充练习（注意单复数）

?We had better act on their advice.

?我们最好照他们的那条建议做。

?We had better act on their advices.

?我们最好按他们的那些建议做

?An old car problem may arise.

?An old cars problem may arise.

?可能会产生一个旧的汽车问题。

?We were touched by Mary’s confidence.

?玛丽的自信打动了我们。

?We were touched by Mary’s confidences.

?

?We asked him to speak from experience.

?我们让他从他的经验谈起，

?We asked him to speak from experiences。

?我们让他从他的经历谈起

补充练习（形容词还能被转换为别的词性）

?Buckley was in a clear minority.

?We are not content with our present achievement.

?我们对于当前的成就并不满意。

?They were suspicious and resentful of him.

?他们怀疑和憎恨他

?Hussein was a puzzled man.

?Hussein这个人

补充练习（prep---- v.)

?“Coming!” Away she skimmed over （滑过，掠过）the lawn（草坪）, up the path, up the steps,across the veranda, and into the porch.”（门廊，走廊）

?

?At the news they were quite surprised.

?他们对这个消息感到十分吃惊

?I found him at his book when i came into the room.

?当我走进他房间时看到他正在看书。

?The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.

?尽管发展的道路很漫长，但我们会坚持不懈地做好它。

补充练习（副词也可翻译为别的词性）

?He is physically weak but mentally sound.

?尽管他身体弱小，但他意志顽强。

?He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.

?他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。

补充练习( v.—> n. )

?This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.

?To them, he personified the absolute power.

?Our age is witnessing a profound political change.

?The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two.

?On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall.

? A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 补充练习(“It+被动语态+that”)

?It is hoped that...

?It is assumed that...

?It is claimed that...

?It is believed that...

?It is reported that...

?It is considered that...

?It is said that...

?It is supposed that...

?It has been announced that...

?It is asserted that...

?It is rumored that...

?It is rumored that...

?It is noticed that...

?It is suggested that...

?It is reputed that...

?It is learned that...

?It is demonstrated that...

?It is estimated that...

?It is estimated that...

?It is pointed out that...

?It is proposed that...

?It was told that...

?It was first intended that...

?It will be said that...

?It will be seen from this that...

?It was noted above that...

?It must be admitted that...

?It has been illustrated that...

?It is stressed that...

?It is stressed that...

?It can not be denied that...

?It can be said without exaggeration that...

?It is sometimes asked that...

?It was felt that...

?It is universally accepted that...

?It is unanimously agreed that...

?It is alleged that...

?It is calculated that...

?It has been proved that...

?It has been found that...

?It is still to be hoped that...

?It is well-known that...

?It should be realized that...

补充练习（被动的翻译）

? A look of pleasure came to her face.

?他脸上露出了欢快的表情。

?The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous（极大地，巨大的）rise in labor productivity. ?电子计算机的使用极大地提升了劳动生产力。

?Failure did not deter （阻止，打消念头）him from trying again.

?失败并没有使他放弃再一次尝试的想法。

?His words sent a quiver（颤动）through my body.

?他的话是我为之一颤。

?She was given a new pen by her father.

?她父亲给了她一支笔。

?Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

?这种化学变化会发出光和热。

?The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.

?Water can be shown as containing impurities.

?The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.

?The minister was found to have appropriated government money.

?He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.

?Problems should be resolved in good time.

补充练习（根据词性判断词义）

home

?I’ll see her home tonight

?India is the home of elephants.

?He’s at home with the classics.

?New homes are for sale.

?She’s at home where she is.

?Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.

?Much is produced here for home market.

?He looks on London as his home.

Live

?She needs to find somewhere to live.

?Where di these plates live?

?Spiders can live for several days without food.

?We saw a real live rattlesnake!

?The club has a live music most nights.

?The terminal is live.

?The show is going out live.

?Pollution is still very much a live issue.

补充练习（根据上下文判断词义）

run

?The price is running high

?Hey, your nose is running

?My school runs a factory.

?They ran the enemy blockade.

?He ran across an old friend of his in town yesterday. ?The play ran 100 nights.

?My watch has run down.

?

?

考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)

考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1） 一、全真试题 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. （74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 二、翻译题解 （71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.

考研英语翻译题型特点及解题技巧

翻译 代词的翻译： 1．直接对应成汉语代词，但前提是译文要通顺。（第一人称、第二人称、第三人称） 2．如果不通顺，则需要指代明确；这时，尽可能用指代到的名词来翻译。可以往前查找，遵循“就近和一致”原则来确定。（第三人称） 3．万不得已可以用“这”“这种情况”“这种说法”“这种观点”等来翻译。（it，this，that） 强调句型： 还原强调部分后直接翻译。 定语从句： 1．前置：把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面，并习惯用“的”来连接。 （如果定词从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译的时候前置） 2．后置：（结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，翻译的时候后置，这时可以独立成句，但常常需要重复先行词，或者用代词）后置最常用。 常考动词： add补充说道 maintain坚持认为 contend坚持说 accuse指责validate证明，证实 assert 断言 argue that争论说 人名地名翻译的处理方式： 1．遵照习惯 2．按照音译 3．万不得已抄英语 there be句型： 1．把英语中的状语翻译成汉语后作主语。简称状语变主语。 2．增加“人们”“大家”“我们”等汉语的范指主语。 3．直接用动词“有”“出现”“存在”等开始翻译。 翻译最佳策略：拆分 拆分原则： 1．拆出主句，分清从句 2．拆出主干，分清修饰 拆分点： 连词，引导词，介词，分词，to，标点符号。 ing现在分词短语作定语 短语作定语： 1．分词短语作定语 ing现在分词，ed过去分词 2．介词短语作定语 3．其它短语作定语（形容词短语坐定语和不定式短语作定语）

短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前 标点符号： 1．直接套用；2．一逗到底（多点逗号） 第三人称反身代词，一般指离自己最近的那个名词。 一个名词前面有一个定语在修饰，后面还有一个定语在修饰，这叫多重并列定语。多重并列定语从后往前翻译。 并列结构： 一般指并列的词组、并列宾语、并列谓语等等。 一般可以直接翻译，但常常需要重复并列部分。 比较结构： 1．more…than+num：多余、比……多；more…than+n/v：不仅仅、不止；more…than+adj/adv：非常、很；more…than+can/could：不能；no more…than…=not any more than不……，像……不。 2．as…as像……一样；not so as不像……一样；not so much…as与其……不如。 插入结构： 常常可以直接翻译，但有时候还需要放到整句话最前面去翻译。 倒装结构： 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译。 复习策略： 单词；结构和顺序。 结构和顺序：断句点在哪？断句点的上下文是何种关系？（什么修饰关系、修饰语的起止点、修饰语修饰什么）翻译中汉语的先后顺序如何？指着英语单词说汉语。默写这句英语句子。 被动结构： 可翻译为“使得”“得以”“加以”“受到”“获得”。 翻译的原则是：少用“被”字；首先可以主宾颠倒，其次还能省略“被”字，用“受到”“得到”“加以”“得以”“为……所”“由……来”“是……的”等直接翻译。 状语和状语从句： 状语从句一般可以直接翻译，但常常要把时间、条件、让步和原因状语从句翻译到主句之前，状语的最佳位置是在主语后动词前，时间在前，地点在后。 形式主语的翻译： 常常当固定词组一样，翻译到整句话最前面。 如何做练习：每天20分钟，一句话。

2016考研英语翻译练习真题

我们之前说过，复习考研英语要注重真题，在记忆词汇和练习阅读理解、翻译题的时候要结合真题做搭配记忆，并辅以相应的练习，下面我们就以真题为例，从中摘取出容易出现的考点，不妨参考下尚考考研为大家从真题里摘取易考的考点。 The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese classicalpoetry and many distinguished poets and poetryappeared during this period of less than 300years.Up till now，over 50，000 poems and 2，000poets of the Tang Dynasty have been well-knownamong people.The best-known poets during the Tang Dynasty are Li Bai and Du Fu. Beingindependent and full of talent，Li Bai created a great many poems to praise the wonderfulmountains and brilliant rivers.Du Fu's rough experiences when he was young made him knowbetter about the darkness society and the people's sufferings.The most popular Tang poemscollection might be the 300 Tang Poems compiled by the scholar Sun Zhu of the QingDynasty.Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern poetry. 参考翻译 唐代是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，产生了许多著名的诗人和诗作。时至今日，有超过5万首唐诗和2000多位唐代诗人为人们所熟知。其中，唐代最著名的诗人是李白和杜甫。李白生性无拘无束，才华横溢，他创作了大量赞美祖国大好河山的诗篇。杜甫年轻时坎坷的生活经历，使他更好地了解了社会的黑暗和人民的困苦。最流行的唐诗作品集或许是由清朝的学者孙洙编著的《唐诗三百首》(300 Tang Poems)。唐诗一直在影响着世界文学和现代诗歌。 1.鼎盛时期：可译为peak，原意为“顶峰，顶点”。 2.无拘无束：可译为independent，它有“不愿受约束的，向往自由的”之意。 3.才华横溢：可译为full of talent. 4.大好河山：即“美好的山河”，可译为wonderfulmountains and brilliant rivers. 5.社会的黑暗和人民的困苦：可译为the darkness of society and the people's sufferings. 6.一直在影响着…：可译为have an ongoing influence on… The Four Treasures of the Study，is a general name ofthe traditional writing tools of Chinese calligraphy，including writing brush，ink，paper and inkstone.The name of Wenfang refers to a scholar's study.Besides these four treasures，tools used in the studyalso include brush pots，brush rack，ink box，wrist-rest，brush washer and inkpad，all of whichare necessities of the study. Classical products of the Four Treasures of the Study made byfamous producers during the Tang and Song Dynasties，when styles of writing were veryprosperous，were highly praised by later scholars.The invention and development of China'straditional culture and art are closely related to the Four Treasures of the Study.And to someextent，the Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditionalChinese culture. 参考翻译 文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)是中国书法传统书写工具的统称，包括笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone)。“文房”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝，书房里的工具还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(inkpad)，

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) 一、经济学史 Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

考研英语翻译练习

补充练习（n. ——>v.) ?Indo-China War is a drain on French resource. ?The sight of the flowers gladdened her heart . ?她看到了那些花儿，这使她十分开心。 ? A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. ?对原文进行自习地研究，你将能很好地进行翻译。 ?The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. ?我看到了喷气式飞机，听到了它发出的声音，这使我内心充满了特殊的向往之情。 ?An acquaintance with world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. ?了解世界历史有助于研究当今时事。 ?The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star. ?发明一道新菜要比发现一颗新星更能让人们感到快乐。 ?The beauty of the scenery baffles（使受困）description. ?这美丽的风景是难以用言语描绘的。 ? A view of the West Lake can be obtained from this house. ?从这座房子可以看到西湖的景色。 ?He is a lover of Chinese painting. ?他热衷于中国画 ?He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker. ?他从不抽烟，而他的父亲确长期抽烟 ?He is a lot better actor than you think he is. ?他表演得比你想象的要好。 补充练习（注意单复数） ?We had better act on their advice. ?我们最好照他们的那条建议做。 ?We had better act on their advices. ?我们最好按他们的那些建议做 ?An old car problem may arise. ?An old cars problem may arise. ?可能会产生一个旧的汽车问题。 ?We were touched by Mary’s confidence. ?玛丽的自信打动了我们。 ?We were touched by Mary’s confidences. ? ?We asked him to speak from experience. ?我们让他从他的经验谈起， ?We asked him to speak from experiences。 ?我们让他从他的经历谈起 补充练习（形容词还能被转换为别的词性） ?Buckley was in a clear minority. ?We are not content with our present achievement. ?我们对于当前的成就并不满意。 ?They were suspicious and resentful of him. ?他们怀疑和憎恨他 ?Hussein was a puzzled man. ?Hussein这个人 补充练习（prep---- v.) ?“Coming!” Away she skimmed over （滑过，掠过）the lawn（草坪）, up the path, up the steps,across the veranda, and into the porch.”（门廊，走廊） ? ?At the news they were quite surprised.

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population