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专题03 形容词和副词(教学案)高考英语二轮复习精品资料 Word版含解析

专题03 形容词和副词(教学案)高考英语二轮复习精品资料  Word版含解析
专题03 形容词和副词(教学案)高考英语二轮复习精品资料  Word版含解析

形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考

查。其考点主要包括:

1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。

2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序,即指示代词/不定代词+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。

3.考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。

4.考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。

一、形容词和副词的基本用法

1.形容词在句中的作用。

(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。

(2)形容词在句中也可作状语,用来表示主语所处的状态。

He was lying in bed,dead.

(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如:

He is an ill man.(错)

The man is ill.(对)

She is an afraid girl.(错)

The girl is afraid.(对)

(4)two-year-old/200-metre-long/one-thousand-word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数,一般只用作前置定语。如:

Tom is a two-year-old boy.

2.副词在句中的作用。

副词在句中一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,也可修饰整个句子。如:

Obviously you are wrong.

二、常用连接性副词的用法

1.though用作副词时,常在句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折意义。

2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。

3.meanwhile“与此同时,在此期间”,表示前后分句的动作同时发生。

4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。

5.however“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。

6.besides“另外;还有”,表示递进关系。

7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意义相反。

三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级

1.平级比较

(1)as+形容词/副词原级+as像……一样

(2)as+adj.+a/an+名词+as像……一样的……

(3)as much+a/an+名词+as和……一样是……

(4)not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...不如……那样……

①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).

=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).

Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。

②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.比较级

(1)the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……,越……

The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you'll make.

你越仔细,你犯的错误越少。

(2)the+比较级+of the two+名词,表示“两个中较……的”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。

3.比较级的修饰词

常见的修饰词有much,a lot,a great deal,far,even,a bit,a little,any(否定句、疑问句中),具体的数据等。

He is much taller than Yao Ming.

他比姚明高多了。

但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级;最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如:

The population of China is by far the largest in the world.

Africa is the second largest continent.

4.几种带有否定词的比较句型

(1)no better than表示“和……一样;实际等于……”。例如:

The patient is no better than he was yesterday.

病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。

(2)no more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如:

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.

鲸和马都不是鱼。

55. 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. loose宽松的;B. full满的;C. blank空白的;D. missing失踪的。根据前文中an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book.可知,要么留下那页空白,要么继续写着希望的故事。故选C。

1.(2019·江苏)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death,smart-phones defeated ____________ PCs in sales.

A. controversial

B. contradictory

C. confidential

D. conventional

【答案】D

2.(2019·江苏)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But

____________ explanations are hard to find.

A. alternative

B. aggressive

C. ambiguous

D. apparent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词。A. alternative可供替代的;B. aggressive好斗的,有进取心的;C. ambiguous

有野心的,耗时的;D. apparent显而易见的。句意:恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是难以找

到其它解释。故选A。

3.(2019?天津)—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.

—I’m sorry,but he is not ________ at the moment,for the meeting hasn’t ended.

A. busy

B. active

C. concerned

D. available

【答案】D

【解析】句意:--我想见怀特先生,我们有约。--对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌;

B.积极,活跃;C关心;D.有空。根据语境,故选D。

1.(2019·新课标Ⅰ,63)The title will be ________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.

1.officially句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。

2.(2019·新课标Ⅱ,41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________(great)and less importance.

一般说来,“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋(唐初学者,四门博士)《春秋谷梁传疏》曰:“师者教人以不及,故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”,其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。《韩非子》也有云:“今有不才之子……师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形,但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”,因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。2.greater句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知,great应与less并列,故用比较级greater。

3.(2019·新课标Ⅱ,47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular).

4.(2019·新课标Ⅲ,66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.

4.gradually句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词,所以用副词形式。

5.(2019·四川,62)Chinese scientists ________(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.

5.recently句意:最近,中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。

6.(2019·四川,63)She was a very ________(care)mother.

6.caring/careful句意:她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的,关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。

7.(2019·浙江,6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.In short,he's ________(rely).

7.reliable句意:那个年轻人很诚实,有合作精神,当你需要他的帮助的时候,他总会在那里。简而言之,他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。

8.(2019·浙江,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________(many)in

the coming years.

8.more句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动,并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义,故用比较级形式。

1.(2019·江苏,31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehension)review of the case.

解析句意:警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的,广泛的。络购物越来越流行,因特网被看作是找到目标客户的高效的方法。根据前半句可知网络购物的流行让我们很容易就会找到目标客户,所以因特网是一个很高效的方法。故D正确。

7.(2019湖北卷)27. What was s o ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.

A. awful

B. essential

C. impressive

D. obvious

【答案】C【解析】本题主要考察的是形容词词义辨析。A糟糕的,可怕的,极坏的;B必要的;基本的;D留有深刻印象的;D明显的,显然的;句意:关于Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象最深刻的是他赤脚得到了马拉松比赛的第一名。根据句意Jasmine Westland赤脚获得第一名,这是最让人难忘的事情。故C 项符合上下文串联。

8.(2019湖北卷)28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase,she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.

A. cautious

B. grateful

C. tolerant

D. wild

【答案】C【解析】本题主要考察形容词词义辨析。A谨慎的,小心的;B感激的:C宽容的;容忍的,忍受的;D野生的,野蛮的;句意:她并没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子,相反她对他宽容地笑了一下,并让他离开了。根据Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase她并没有责备他,说明她很宽容。故C 项正确。

9.(2019湖北卷)29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______,“Don’t be so mean,”

pointing a finger of warning at her.

死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply

教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分,我常采用范读,让幼儿学习、模仿。如领读,我读一句,让幼儿读一句,边读边记;第二通读,我大声读,我大声读,幼儿小声读,边学边仿;第三赏读,我借用录好配朗读磁带,一边放录音,一边幼儿反复倾听,在反复倾听中体验、品味。

10.(2019江苏卷)28. The idea "happiness," ,will not sit still for easy definition.

A. to be rigid

B. to be sure

C. to be perfect

D. to be fair

宋以后,京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末,学堂兴起,各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意,即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间,特别是汉代以后,对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合,比如书院、皇室,也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是形容词词义辨析。Rigid僵硬的,死板的;sure确信的,肯定的,有把握的;perfect完美一的;fair 公平的;句意:“幸福,“可以肯定的是,不是个静态简单的定义。根据句意说明B项符合上下文串联。

11.(2019江苏卷)32. I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be occupied.

A. also

B. just

C. nevertheless

D. otherwise

【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。Also也;just只不过,仅仅;nevertheless 然而,不过;otherwise要不然;另外;句意:星期天我不能去接你了,另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的otherwise 表示另外,另外方面。故D正确。

12.(2019江西卷)23 Thanks for your directions to the house ;we wouldn’t have found it ___.

A. nowhere

B. however

C. otherwise

D. instead

【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。nowhere任何地方都不,无处;however然而;otherwise 否则,要不然;instead代替,而不是;句义:多亏了你房子的说明,要不然,我们会找不到的。本句实际上是一个含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句使用的“情态动词+have done”,otherwise=if there had not been your directions to the house。故C正确。

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 解析版

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 【2020年】 1.(2020·新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 【答案】extremely 【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。 2.(2020·新课标I卷)Data ab out the moon’s composition, such as how69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】much 【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。 3.(2020·新课标I卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 【答案】将simply改为simple 【解析】考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。 4.(2020·新课标II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 【答案】Certainly 【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。 5.(2020·新课标II卷)The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 【答案】beautiful 【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。 6.(2020·新课标II卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 【答案】将surely改为sure 【解析】考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。

高中英语形容词和副词精讲

语法复习专题四——形容词和副词 备考建议: 1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点: (1)形容词的比较级和最高级; (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。 另外,考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。 2.对于比较级的考查,淡化结构,注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的,而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。 3.在加强考查词义辨析的题目中,高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法),随着新教材词汇量的增大,而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力: 1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。 2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加-ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如:hard—hardly. 3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序,形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析,要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识。 (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上,不能留任何疑点。 (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离义”。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。 (3)判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。 (4)分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。 (5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。 考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记; (1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。如:a language difficult to master (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.

高考英语形容词,副词知识点真题汇编及答案(1)

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