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2009年专八改错真题

2009年专八改错真题(有若干空模棱两可，注意咯！)

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference (1) ______

between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2) _____

has grown up, and has their own, or even grand children. (3)______

The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

it may be something from twenty to seventy years, with the playground (4)______

lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5)_____

it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the (6)______

same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age

between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____

even just for fifty, it follows that it has been transmitted over

and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____

hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____

after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)______

original wording.

模拟1

We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _____1

that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _____2

with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to build

them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3

them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _____4 computer, you don’t have faintest idea. _____5

The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6

creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _____7 technology. Lots of people don’t differ between the two. Science is the production of _____8

new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _____9

Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology,

it’s not necessarily harmful. No society has yet earned to forecast the consequences _____10

of new technology, which can be enormous.

模拟2

About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1

pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____2 The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3

within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4

families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5

the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control

respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6 The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7

maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8

pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9

mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10

模拟3

"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude

in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family

house is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1.________ importance for many people.

This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,

dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the

American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one's S2.________ family, and started a farm. These small households were portraits of S3.________ independence: the entire family--mother, father, children, even

grandparents—live in a small house and working together to support S4.________ each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5.________ cooperation and hard work.

Although most people in the United States no longer live on

farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth S6.________ century as it was in the nineteenth.

When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, for S7.________ example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there S8.________ was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically

in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it S9.________ satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of S10.________ their way of life.

模拟4

Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic.

While experience taught him this was impossible, __1

he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __2

1000 B.C. there were weather seers in Babylon----and priests

clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3

the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4

methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5

factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6

were sacrificed and their intestines

poked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7

predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,

mild weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough." __8 Insects and animals were also favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9 lamp, then the air is always damp.""If spiders their cobwebs forsake, the weather will for certain break ."

"If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10

rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray. Me thinks we'll have some rain today ."

模拟5

It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1 "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia",

and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__

personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,

wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__

to be typical members of different nationalities.

The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__

adopted generally, combined the most common English first name

with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__

pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.

After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6

States was known for "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7

name associated with simple people from rural areas,

and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophistcated, and since __8__ Americans considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__

the wickedness of European cities. It is possible,

however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10_ often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.

模拟6

Middle age has its compensations. Youth is bound hand and foot with the shackles of public opinion. Middle age enjoys freedom.I remember that when i left the school i said to myself: __1 "Hence forward. I can get up when i like and go to bed when i like." That of course was an exaggeration, and i soon found that whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to achieve it. But by the time you have reached middle age you discovered how __2 much freedom it was worth to sacrifice in order to achieve any aim that __3

you have on view. When i was a boy i was tortured by shyness, __4

and middle age has to a great extent brought me a relief of this. I __5

have now no such feeling and i save myself much discomfort. I always hated cold water, but for many years i bath in cold seas because __6

i wanted to be like everybody. __7

It was until quite late in life that i discovered how easy it was __8

to say:"i don't know." i find with middle age no one expects me to walk twenty-five miles, or to play a scratch game of golf, or to dive from a height of thirty feet. This is all to the good and makes life pleasant, but i should no longer care if they do. That is what makes __9

youth unhappy, the vehement anxiety to be like other people, and that is what makes middle age intolerable, the reconciliation with oneself.__10

模拟7

Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a __1

fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimuli that __2

produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not to be real: a __3

mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of __4

only one eye when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to __5

eyes opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. __6

In one study, when American four-year-old were asked to draw __7

people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent __8

of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, furthermore, where babies __9

are carried on their mother's back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, __10

Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning.

模拟8

Humankind’s future safety and longevity of life on Earth largely depend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we __1

breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making this earth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozone layer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet. Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, __2

the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut down trees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries __3

have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakes and swamps are spread with debris. __4

Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant __5

use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. __6

Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that live on their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused __7

the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya.

The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trends in variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin __8

cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problems in order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases __9

that rise from the damage that pollution causes. __10

模拟9 （比较难知识点比较细）

You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You __1

are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next __2

to your starts moving forward. __3

For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurched backward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpret what must be happening – that your train __4

might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now __5

normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion.

The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. __6

Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt __7

ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven __8

million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can ―see‖ the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to __9

blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its ―color‖ and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on __10

average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.

模拟10

DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world had ever known,exposed nature’s vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effect- __1

tiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDT is __2

capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during the World War II, cleaning __3

South Pacific islands of malaria-caused insects for U.S. troops, while __4

in Europe being used as an effective delousing power. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize. __5

When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second thoughts about this __6

new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale,who warned, ―A spray as discriminate as DDT can upset the economy __7

of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things __8

go out of kilter right away.‖ Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader’s Digest to propose an article about series of __9

tests on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in Maryland. __10

模拟11

Transport can be a major expense for many companies,especially when cars have to be provided for both managerial and sale staff. __1

As a result, it's important to keep a close eye at the many costs __2

associated with company cars and how these different costs compare.The moment a new car is driven away from the showroom,its value will drop as much as 12 percent. This is what is __3 known as depreciation and is the largest single cost to the

buyer of a new vehicle. Depreciation is the highest in the __4

first two years of a vehicle's life: at the end of that period a car

could be worth just the third of its brand new price. __5

Although the rate of depreciation decreases as time goes by, it remains a major cost factor, as around 85 percent of company vehicles are brought brandly new. __6

However, it is important to know that some cars

depreciate much more than others——regardless of price. This is often __7

to do with rarity and prestige value. The more common the car,

the more quickly, in general, it loses value. Exported __8

models, which are restricted in number, can hold their value

better than those are produced domestically and widely available. __9

In the same way, depreciation on a new model of a particular make may be low for the first few years after their launch. __10

This happened when diesel cars were first introduced. They depreciated more slowly when they were rarely seen; now that they are relatively common, this is no longer true.

模拟12

The growth of the world’s population and its pressure to resources __1

threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes __2

100,000 years of human existence for the world to reach its 1997 population of 5.85 billion people. The increase of 80 million people in 1996 alone is the equivalent of a new U.S population every 3.4years or new Canadian population every 138 days. The UN population Fund predicts that by the year 2050, the world population have __3

exploded to 10 billion people. This would double in less than a century the already bulging population who existed when it reached __4

5 billion in 1987. The chemicals we spew into the air also cause disease.

For example, they attack the Earth’s ozone layer, which helps shield the Earth away the Sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays. It is well established __5

that the ozone layer has thinned considerably during recent decades.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, __6

melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 __7

Americans to 3,650. This 213 percent increase means that 40,300 Americans diagnosed with melanoma in 1997 and 3,650 died of the __8

disease. There are some scientists who believe that pollution is even threatening the ability of humans to produce. Chemicals which are __9

used to make pesticides, plastic, and other products are finding their ways into the human food chain through fish and even through __10

breast milk.

模拟13

Something has been happening to the concept of "fiction",either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, __1

this concept operated under common understood restrictions. __2

It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain __3

aspect of literature in general——the element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, __4

scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained __5

a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of "fiction" has undergone an extension. Though still used to __6

refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to __7

be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is __8

not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the "message" or "world view" conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.

Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind __9

of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all __10

meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that "life" and "reality" are themselves fictions.

模拟14

Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated from London to New York City when she was ten year's old. One day, she decided that she wanted __1

to be a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. Before writing __2

many letters seeking an admission to medical school, she __3

was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. Therefore __4

determined she was that she taught in school and gave __5

music lessons to earn money for her tuition.

In 1849,until graduating from medical school, she decided __6

to farther her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, __7

but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.Upon returning to the US, she found difficult to start her __8

own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, managed to open a new hospital,the first for woman and children. Besides being the first __9

female physician and found her own hospital, she also __10

established the first medical school for women.

模拟15

In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because

they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors.

And they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the __2

fashionable industry today. What are they? They are high heels __3

--woman’s worst enemy ( whether she knows it or not). High heel __4

shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are

more beautiful or sophisticating __5

for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed on posing short as __6

as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world of unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. __7 For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns.

Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass know what I am talking __8

about. A simple trip around the yard on a pair of those babies __9

eliminates all needs to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides __10

the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around.

模拟16 (超级变态)

The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1

societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2

of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3

an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4

upon the person who did the offense. __5

But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for __6

protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7

protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8

In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9

from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10

state assumes responsibility for their protection.

模拟17

The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities for which they provide information. It must __1

reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk losing their readers’ interest and thei r advertisers’ support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial minorities, the __2 paper has put into place polices and procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The underlying reason for __3

the change is that for information to be fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the same kind of population __4

that reads it.

A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to evaluate The Seattle Times’ __5

content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content __6

audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in

photographs. Early audits __7

showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative articles.

The audit results from improvement in the frequency of __8

majority representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive __9

situations. And, with a result, The Seattle Times has improved __10

as a newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped. The Seattle Times Company to win the Personal Journal Optima's Award for excellence in managing change.

模拟18

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handling, it may become a driving force. When __1

the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any other competitor, given its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its __2

scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies that the war had destroyed. __3

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans found __4 themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competition. Some __5

huge American industries, such as consumer electronic, had shrunk __6

or vanished in the face of foreign competition. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market and America’s machine-tool industry was on the rope. For a while it looked as __7

though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and sat at the __8

heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped talking prosperity for grant. They began to believe that their way of doing __9

business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980 brought one inquiry after __10

another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about growing competition from overseas

模拟19

What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like __1

the personality of an organization, or simp ly as ―how things are done around here.‖ It guides what employees think, act, and feel. __2

Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality __3

or character of a particular company or organization, and include __4

such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company’s mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wear to work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various __5

employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, __6

but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with the research before __7

the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment- __8

and to be happy, successful, and productive, you will want to be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have __9

voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth. __10

模拟20 (注意几个词的用法！)

There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.

Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1

creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2

whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3

can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4

the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5

No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6

the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.

But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7

means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8

of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9

which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10

模拟21

Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obvious‖ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1

to kins (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2

for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3

However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the ―obvious‖ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4

But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5

It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.

Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban __6

people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do big __7

city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Or are residents of large communities __8

any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation __9

than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust for strangers. __10

模拟22 (变态文中extinction 居然可以前后不一致，rainforest居然不加s)

Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1

of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2

seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3

enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions－such as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4

North American bison—have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day – a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5

that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries __6

lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest __7

and grasslands disappear.

In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8

remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9

reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10

for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.

模拟23

Changes in climate that had already taken place are manifested __1

from the decrease in extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice, perma- __2

frost thawing, coastal erosion, changes in ice sheets and ice shelves, altered distribution and abundance of species. __3

Nowadays snows melt earlier in the springtime. Lakes, rivers and bogs freeze much more later in the autumn. Reindeer herding __4

becomes more difficult so the ice is weak and may give way. __5

Nowadays winters are much colder than they used to be. __6

Occasionally during winter time it rains. We never expected this;we could not be ready for this. It is very strange. The cycle of the yearly calendar has been disturbed greatly. Warming over northern land areas has been very greater than elsewhere in the world. The __7

changes are due to human modification of the concentration of greenhouse gases during the 20th

century, leading quite directly to the projections the Artic will warm by several times as much during the __8

21st century as it did during the 20th century. The amplified warming in Arctic, in turn, directly contributes to overall global warming, as __9

well as cause changes that create impacts over the rest of the globe. __10

模拟24 （比较变态有几处是模棱两可的）

Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1

influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2

a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3

in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4

because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5

completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6

makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7

is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8

necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9

of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10

that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.

模拟25 （改错要细心不要轻敌）

Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweighted people __1

than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. __2

These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3

way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4

the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more __5

about a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6

weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7

for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet

without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases.We should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. __8

Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9

get(or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be purely vainglory. __10

模拟26 （题目本身可能有打印错误，譬如断句，所以我删除了后面3个选项）

In the United States there are, strict speaking, no national __1

holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment or __2

executive proclamation, appoint the day which each holiday is __3

celebrated. Congress and the president may establish legal holidays for the District of Columbia and for federal employees throughout the states and territories; and by long custom, days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, Labor __4

Day, Indep endent Day, and New Year’s Day, are uniformly set __5

apart by all states as legal, or public holidays. In 1968, federal __6

legislation established Columbia Day as a legal holiday for the District of Columbia and for the federal government beginning at __7 1971.

模拟27 (题目出的很变态虽然看过新编6上面的原文)

To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women’s character and concerns. (In contrast by men whose __1

essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that __2

the way women are taught to be involved in beauty encourages __3

narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity. Everybody knows __4

that. For it is ―everybody‖, a whole society, which has identified __5

being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these __6

stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.

It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the __7

obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, __8

eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so on – each by turn is submitted __9

to an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. __10

模拟28(比较变态仔细看题)

The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1

have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2

monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3

found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4

―great fish,‖ and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated ―the King’s fish‖ because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5

wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6

Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling

Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earth's stock of whales is still being __7

depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8

there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9

awe-inspiring creature that always fed man's imagination and made the world a more exciting place__10

模拟30

In addition to learn how to cope with daily__1

work, I've also known to handle study sessions for__2

big tests. My all-night study sessions in high school are experiments in self-torture. Around __3 2:00A.M., My mind, as a soaked sponge, simply__4

stopped absorb things. Now, I space out exam__5

study sessions over several days. That way, the night before can be devoted to a overall review__6 rather than raw memorizing. Most important,though, I've changed my attitude toward tests. In high school, I thought tests were mysterious things with completely predictable questions. Now, I ask __7

teachers the kinds of questions that will be on the __8

exam, and I try to "psych out" which areas or facts teachers are like to ask about. These practices really__9

work, and for me they've taken many of the __10

fear and mystery out of tests.

模拟31 (比较变态)

Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1

The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning __2

required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few __3

or no planning, it is almost routine. A month’s touring holiday abroa d,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4

and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make __5

sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6

to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7

of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8

and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9

household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10

and over-expenditure.

模拟32 (加油！！！只错了第5题)

Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior.

Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised __1

hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, __2

enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. __3

To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million __4

year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success __5

in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their __6

bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group __7

attackers.

Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative __8

period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence,

so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, __9

controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms,awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer __10

essential for survival.

模拟33 (恶心！)

A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1

going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2

prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3

seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4

the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5

dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6

in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7

two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8

from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9

country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10

-ing out again to the suburbs.

模拟35 (超级变态恶心！错6个)

What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question, as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1

are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2

a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3

escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4

exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5

The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they

―collapse‖ and sometimes a supernova occurs.

The collapse of a star may produce a ―White Dwarf‖ of a ―neutronstar‖—a star which matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of __6

its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7

size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8

gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9

And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10

模拟36

Our lives increasingly depend on fast and successful use of language. __1

Strangely enough, we know more about things around us than on ourselves __2

We do not understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __3

language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when language originated. Language is far more complex than most people have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater than some people may have assured. __4

ANSWERS

2009年专八改错真题(有若干空模棱两可，注意咯！)

(1)冠词类错误a further difference. 注意这里是illustrates 和has shown并列，用法正确

(2) 区分when/while/after/before/until/unless when改为until，否则逻辑错误

(3)their改为his以于上文匹配；

(4)近义词区分something 改为anything

(5)therefore显然应为however；

(6) in the general去掉the；

(7) currently 改为current；

(8) 固定搭配类over and over again 是固定搭配。

(9) live 改为alive；

(10) to let alone去掉to 改为let alone。

模拟1

1. 在which 前加in，或将which 改为where

在这里which引导限制性从句,修饰先行词the society。in which 在从句中作状语,当然也可以用关系副词where引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语,例如:Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.

2. 将as 改为than

3. 将So 改为But 或者However 或者Nevertheless

因为这里上下文是转折关系。

4. 将about 去掉

因为explain是及物动词。

5. 指代不一致。将you 改为they

6. 将like 改为as因为such as 是固定搭配。

7. 将takes 改为gives

give rise to表示―引起，导致‖之意。

8. 近义词区分。将differ 改为distinguish

牵着表示―有区别‖。后者表示―区分，找出……的差别‖。

9. 将others 改为other

这样the other就和上文的one构成固定搭配，表示在两个中―一个……;另外一个……‖

10. 将harmful 改为harmless，只有这样才可以表达上下文的对比关系。

模拟2

1. 虚拟语气！！！将had used 改为used。因为此句是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如: Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人-如果他们不自以为聪明的话。

2. 将publishing 改为published

report和publish时逻辑动宾关系,故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。例如: Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现,不管多么微不足道,都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。

3. 将theirs 改为their

4. 近义词区分将among 改为between

在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间,故用between。

5. 将过去分词excluded 改为介词excluding excluding意为―不包括……‖

6. 形近词区分将respectably 改为respectively

respectively 意为―分别地‖，符合句子的意思。而respectably意为―可敬的，值得尊敬地‖。

7. 将evidences 改为evidence evidence是不可数名词。

8. 将ill改为illness

9. 将year 改为years

10. 将lesser 改为less

模拟3

1. 将no 改为not (注意importance 不可数)

2. 近义词区分将place 改为land

place是可数名词，作―地方‖讲,而land意为―土地，田地‖是不可数名词。例如:

Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.

当你偶尔光顾时，独处是一个美妙的境地，但是如果久留，它却是一个糟糕的地方。There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.

3. 将started 改为start

start应使用不定式，以和前面的find, build一致。

4. 将working 改为work

work应该用第三人称复数，和live一致。另外，family在这里作―家人‖讲，是复数。

5 将anyone 改为everyone

这里是要用everyone 指每个人，而不是要用anyone泛指。

6. 将but 删除

7. 将before 改为after

根据上下文判断，这里要表达的是二战之后。

8. 区分and/also/thus/therefore/however/but 将But 改为And

根据语意，这里要表达的是递进关系，而不是转折关系。例如：

When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that's my religion.

当我行善事，我感到坦然;当我行恶时，我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。

9 将it 改为they

10固定搭配类在house the中间加入介词as

regard...as 作―把……当作……‖讲。(区分consider, consider后面的as 可加可不加)

模拟4：

1.区when/while/after/before/until/unless While—When或After.本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic. when/after 引导时间状语

2.in—than. earlier是early的比较级，其后应有than

3.those之后加who.who引导定语从句

4. 删除advance前的the.in advance为习语

5. 近义词区分take—have. have connection with 为习语

6. controlled—controlling或在controlled前加that/which.

controlling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors

7. 区分and/or and—or. rain和draught只能是二者之一

8.9.10均为前后对称结构

8. 删除is.与上文平衡，均为省略句

9. before—when/if.条件句

10. will—would.if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时

模拟5：

1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation

2.it—both/them.指代上文的US和Great Britain

3.that—which

4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词

5. indicated—indicating

6.区分start/begin/finish/end began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。

7. for—as.be known for意为―因......而众所周知‖

8. is—was.美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家

9.区分be compared with/to to—https://www.wendangku.net/doc/122685335.html,pare to 意为―把......比作.......‖compare with意为―与......比较，与.......匹敌，与......竞争‖

10. 固定搭配orginated with删掉name和originated之间的was

originate from sth.由某事产生[引起]

originate in sth.由某事产生[引起]

originate from由某人发起[首创]

originate with由某人发起[首创]

模拟6

1.去掉the

to leave school 表示―毕业，离开学校‖，当中不能加定冠词，否则就表示离开特点的一所学校。

2. 时态注意^discovered--have

由by引导的时间状语从句主语一般都用完成体，所以这里应在discovered前加上have。3.近义词区分worth/worthy/worthwhile worth--worthwhile

这句话如果用正常的语序说应该是：it is worth to sacrifice how much freedom in order to achiev e any aim……这样看显然worth的用法是错的，应改为worthwhile，原句的意思是：但是当你步入中年时便会发现，为了实现一个目标值得你牺牲多少自由……。

4.on--in

应该是have something in view表示―看得见……‖，所以应改为in view，而不是on view。5.of--from

如果名词relief表示―从……得以解脱‖时，要用介词from而不是of，如：to seek/find/provide relief from the heat/cold/pain/noise。

6.bath--bathed

bath是名词，而在这里需要一个动词，bathe是动词，所以应改为bathed。

7.everybody^--else

everybody就已经包括了说话人自己，所以这里应改为everybody else。

8.^until--not

中文里的―直到……才……‖在英文里就要加上not，变成―not until...that...‖，所以要在原文until 签名加上not。

9.虚拟语气！do--did

句子i should no longer care if they do用的是虚拟语气，是对现实的不真实的假设，所以用if 从句后加did。

10.intolerable--tolerable

青年人和中年人的区别在于能使青年人不快乐的事情中年人都可以忍受。这也是中年的好处所在，所以此句中的intolerable应该改为tolerable。

模拟7

1.^they-that

分句后的分句应有它独立的主谓结构，正像它前面的结构一样。而后半句的谓语是is，表语是fact，主语似乎是缺失的，因此在they前面加上that就构成了主语从句作为这半句的主语。

2.stimuli-stimulus

stimuli看似单数实则是stimulus的复数形式，因此应改为stimulus。

3.need 情态动词和实义动词的用法区分

to-/ 这里的need作情态动词，因此删去to。

4.or-nor

并列的否定，用否定形式nor表示倒装。

5.固定搭配on-in

in profile表示―侧面，从侧面‖。如：The painting shows her in profile。

6.固定搭配^opposed-as

as opposed to something 固定搭配

in comparison with something

1. We should be stopping terrorists from operating, as opposed to chasing them after they've attacked.

2. I like pro basketball, as opposed to the college game.

7.old-olds

由谓语的复数形式可以看出这里需要用复数形式four-year-olds。

8.and-but

9.furthermore-however

上一句话指明美国文化中眼睛的重要性，而这一句话似乎指出日本文化中眼睛并不具有同样的重要性，因此两句话的关系是转折而不是递进。

10.like-as

句子中有一个as……as比较结构。

模拟8

1.^which－in

此处的介词其实是和live连用的，live in the environment。

2.deal^－with

deal with是固定搭配，意思是―解决，处理‖。

3. 固定搭配make^－way

根据上下文可以断定此处文章要说的是―人们烧，伐树木为的是给开垦农田让路。‖m ake way for something。是―给……让路‖，符合此处需要的意思。

4. 区分litter/spread spread－polluted/littered

这里的关键是要知道debris的意思是―碎片，残骸等‖，所以根据上下文这里的意思是―湖泊

专八常用和推荐辅导书参考书

专四专八常用和推荐辅导书参考书 1.词汇用书：专八词汇词根+联想记忆法：乱序版(附MP3)（完整收录大纲词汇，乱序编排，帮助考生攻克专八词汇难关！）--新东方大愚英语学习丛书，余敏洪，西安交通大学出版社，2012.07 突破英文词汇10000(双色mp3版)——刘毅最经典词汇，系统的方法，事半功倍–刘毅，外语教学与研究出版社，2009-07 2.听力部分：全新英语专业八级考试指南（第三版）（附mp3下载），邹申，上海外语教育出版社、英语专业8级《听力填空满分攻略》，邹申，张艳莉等，大连理工出版社 3.阅读部分：（冲击波系列·2014英语专业8级）英语专业八级阅读——上海外国语大学教授、博士生导师邹申丛书主审,上海外国语大学教授、博士、硕士生导师张艳莉丛书主编,最新真题、模拟题互动软件以及专八必备词汇手机flash记单词免费下载，张雪梅，张艳莉等，大连理工大学 2014淘金高阶英语专业八级阅读120篇：全文翻译+难句分析+词汇（15天计划，主练阅读，兼攻翻译）——华研外语，刘绍龙等，世界图书出版社 4.翻译部分：英语翻译三级笔译(全国外语翻译证书考试指定教材)——权威机构合作，资深教师编写，三级笔译考试必备用书，曾诚，王琼琼编著，外语教学与研究出版社英语专业八级改错与翻译100+100,常骏跃主编,大连理工大学出版社（冲击波系列·2014英语专业8级）英语专业八级知名报刊阅读题源100篇——上海外国语大学教授、博士生导师邹申丛书主审,上海外国语大学教授、博士、硕士生导师张艳莉丛书主编,最新真题、模拟题互动软件以及专八必备词汇手机flash记单词免费下载，大连理工大学 5.写作部分：冲击波系列---英语专业八级写作.徐永,姚小蒙主编,大连理工大学出版社 2014 星火英语英语专业8级考试写作标准范文背诵（专八写作总述+真题体验+热点话题），黄任，吉林出版社 6.人文部分:

2009年英语专业八级真题附答案

2009年英语专业八级真题答案 In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Writing Experimental Reports I.Content of an experimental report, e.g. --- study subject/ area --- study purpose --- ____1____ II.Presentation of an experimental report --- providing details --- regarding readers as _____2_____ III.Structure of an experimental report --- feature: highly structured and ____3____ --- sections and their content: INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it METHOD how you did it RESULT what you found out ____5____ what you think it shows IV. Sense of readership --- ____6____: reader is the marker --- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study --- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: ? introduction to relevant area ? necessary background information ? development of clear arguments ? definition of technical terms ? precise description of data ____8____ V. Demands and expectations in report writing --- early stage: ? understanding of study subject/area and its implications ? basic grasp of the report's format --- later stage: ? ____9____ on research significance --- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: ? inadequate material ? ____10____ of research justification for the study

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现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你却别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式，但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无，接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。选自《正面是休闲，背面是匆忙——现代人的生活节奏》，作者王小波参考译文： People always spend their earthly existence in shuttling between haste and leisure --- two distant life styles, though --- sometimes even hardly conscious of which way they are on. For instance, while still vacationing at the resort, we receive a call from the boss all of a sudden, knowing that some troubles are with the clients or the work. At this moment the handy cell phone is exposed as an dismal device more than a modern and advanced tool. The subsequent leisure is merely showy as such a call has shadowed our leisure tour and made us restless with anxiety.

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In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Writing Experimental Reports I.Content of an experimental report, e.g. --- study subject/ area --- study purpose --- ____1____ II.Presentation of an experimental report --- providing details --- regarding readers as _____2_____ III.Structure of an experimental report --- feature: highly structured and ____3____ --- sections and their content: INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it METHOD how you did it RESULT what you found out ____5____ what you think it shows IV. Sense of readership --- ____6____: reader is the marker --- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study --- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: ( introduction to relevant area necessary background information( ( development of clear arguments definition of technical terms( precise( description of data ____8____ V. Demands and expectations in report writing --- early stage: ( understanding of study subject/area and its implications basic grasp of the( report's format --- later stage: ____9____ on research( significance --- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: inadequate( material ____10____ of research justification for the study( SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

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