英译汉技巧练习
D i c t i o n
r u n
1.The idea runs in his mind.
2.The machine runs well.
3.The street runs north.
4.The news runs rapidly in the town.
poor
5.Cuba is indeed a poor country, but it intends to catch up.
6.The water is poor in oxygen.
7.The Department of Justice was reluctant to bring poor cases into court.
8.The outlook for détente is poor over the short time.
9.In my poor opinion, you’ve made a great mistake.
10.Other media closer to the scene dismissed Carter as a poor loser.
11.“Poor Mexico”, an old saying goes, “so distant from God, so close to The United States.”
12.She told me that she was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat.
develop
13.This fear is that these minor clashes may develop into all-out confrontation.
14.When started out as a short story eventually developed into a full-scale novel.
15.Their casual acquaintance developed over time into a lasting friendship.
16.The whole project developed out of an idea that I had while I was in the States.
17.The government is going to develop a new strategy to deal with the problem.
18.They’ve just developed a new drug that will cure the illness if it’s caught in the earliest stages.
19.She’s developed some very strange habits since she started living on her own.
20.The company is spending $ 650 million on the development of new products.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b2685778.html,rge cracks have begun to develop in the wall of the house.
22.This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles.
23.For some reason, the last film I took didn’t develop properly.
24.The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer.
25. A good diet is essential for a child’s healthy growth and development.
26.There’s been a lot of housing development in the area.
27.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the
light green shade.
28.In this book he presents his hero with an Arab’s voice, and not with the usual Western voice.
29.Bright red costumes, with hats, shoes, and stockings to match, are to be all the craze in the Spring. Smart
women will have to be careful not to yawn in the streets in case some short sighted person is on his way to post a letter.
30.The elevator boys ooze the spit and polish of West Point cadets and in polite English remind you that you
must not smoke inside their lifts.
1.Hitler’s ambition t o conquer the whole of Europe was doomed to fail.
2.Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.
3.He is fidgety and restless.
4.All the inventors have a restless mind.
5.She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.
6.The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war.
7.He is respected by his people for his farsightedness.
8.I always consider him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him.
9.Ford found that Zhou Enlai was a charming, polished, shrewd host. “Calculating,” Ford
added, “Strong, Extremely well-informed.”
10.To be something and somebody was Harriman’s fondest wish for his son.
11.When he hosted a grand party to celebrate the nation’s 2500th anniversary, he invited actually
everybody who was anybody, but mostly nobodies showed up.
12.When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody.
13.He found it difficult to get a job because a cloud always hung over his reputation.
14.Then, just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russians arrested me as a
“spy” and sent me out through Poland. (Anna Louise Strong)
15.His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends.
16.They say such scandalous things about you out of envy.
17.The adoption of the new policies will surely lead to some striking results.
18.There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures.
19.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.
20.Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.
A.
1.It is regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter.
2.Such conduct is known in all languages as piracy.
3.During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team.
4.I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
5.Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy.
6.The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Who’s Who of Boston
society.
7.The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era—the Industrial Age. Money had
become King.
8.I was practically on my knees but he still refused.
9.Since I only got the news at second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.
10.I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad!
11.The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swo rds’ point on the matter
of abortion.
12.The matter was finally settled under the table.
13.I have no head for music.
14.Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.
15.If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.
16.Words once reserved for rest-room walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books and even on
television.
17.I hope this concession of ours will set the ball rolling.
18.Sometimes, walking the street at night, I’ve been so desperate that I’ve made up my mind to win
the horse or lose the saddle.
19.Why are you rushing around like a chicken with its head cut off?
20.He gets up very early and sits up very late and is burning the candle at both ends.
21.I’d love to go out to lunch, but you know I’m living on a shoestring.
22. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, nothing upstairs.
23.The actress has her head turned.
24.Alice was a girl who always seemed to be in the clouds. When she got wind that a third exam was in the
wind, a cloud immediately passed over her face. For she had failed the last two and was under a cloud.
She knew for sure that she could not pass this one in a breeze either.“Oh, dear me!” she said to herself.
“It never rains but it pours.” But one second thought, she cried, “Maybe every cloud has a silver lining.
So I must have another try, rain or shine.”
B.
25.The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.
26.She is a valuable acquisition to the firm.
27.We are eager to benefit from your curiosity.
28.The hotel is a massive effort of stone, wood and concrete.
29.The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.
30.Action and foresight will be needed as well as brightness and ambition.
31.There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit
technology.
C.
32.When Edison tried to make the first carbon filament, he did not have the cards in his hands.
33.Promise me not to let the cat out of the bag and I’ll tell you.
34.Every day since I last wrote has been like its neighbor.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b2685778.html,st night I didn’t sleep well. I heard him driving his pigs to market.
36.She found the key she had lost last month, which was like a bolt from the blue.
37. A good dog deserves a good bone.
38.I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.
39.The enemy’s Achilles’ heel was his harbour defense.
增译
A.
1.The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest.
2.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
3.At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to
greatness or to disaster.
4.In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the
drafting of the final communiqué.
5.There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no“ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of
flowers.
6.He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
7.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
8.Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
9.Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling, but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow
lawyer.
10.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
11.The blond boy quickly crossed himself.
12.In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged.”
13.As a result, a few token meetings were being set up through Foggy Bottom, the more-than-ever
approp riate nickname for the Department of State. It describes Secretary Rogers’ influence … foggy
and at the bottom.
14.Reading makes (maketh) a full man; conference a ready man and writing an exact man. (Francis Bacon)
15.This great scientist was born in New England.
16.She went home in a sedan chair and a flood of tears.
17.They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night.
18.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
19.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers.
20.Then lieutenant G rub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save and serve! Hannigan, free tour
to all the ports in the world. A fine ship for a home. Three meals a day without charge… you mustn’t let such a golden opportunity slip by.
B.
21.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and
rockets.
22.The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.
23.After all preparations were made, the plane took off.
24.Thus he grew in body and soul.
25.Our place in the flows of global capital is equally central.
26.In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
27.He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer.
28.Both sides are willing to hold face-to-face talks in order to ease tension in the Middle East.
29.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
30.The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.
31.From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition.
32.She was more royal than the royals.
C.
33.For mistakes had been made, bad ones.
34.Two, we heard later, were sent to college, at the government expense, while one, it was rumored, had
attempted to blackmail the Agency (CIA). Unsuccessfully.
35.Her family of 13 was so poor that a brother once tried to mold a Thanks-giving turkey out of a couple
of pounds of hamburger.
D.
36.I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.
37.Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to help
him remain in power.
38.He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name.
39.Don’t tak e it seriously, I am just making fun of you.
40.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b2685778.html,rge as the room was, there was not floor space for all the puppies, so they were jumping onto tables
and chairs and piling up on top of each other.
42.Alice noticed, with some surprise, that the pebbles were all turning into little cakes as they lay on the
floor.
43.The curtain has parted; the mystery is being dispelled.
重复
A. Repetition for clearness
(1) Repetition of nouns
1.The signs of China’s influence and success abound in America. (Reagon)
2.I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.
3.He became an oil baron—all by himself.
4.This has been our position—but not theirs.
5.It is our duty to build and defend our homeland.
6. A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.
7.Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part.
8.The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional,
remote retreat in the Himalayas.
9.All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate prize.
10.The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law—in particular of the Geneva Convention.
11.It is important that all states should participate on the basis of full equality in the consideration of the
whole range of disarmament problems, relating to both nuclear and conventional weapons.
(2) Repetition of verbs
12.They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Mao’s Long Marc h in the mid-1930s, the
French and American revolutions.
13.But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing
on his family.
14.I owned a town house, a summer lodge in the mountains, a winter cabin in the desert, a car and a
driver’s license to take myself about.
15.He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can
overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene.
(3) Repetition of nouns to which pronouns refer
16.Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
17.Happy families also had their own troubles.
18.Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
19.Each country has its own customs.
20.Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
21.Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.
22.Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
23.On Sunday afternoon, some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks in their
work.
24.Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it.
25.Whoever works hard will be respected.
26.Whoever drives through the red light should be fined.
27.It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.
But the fact is that they all social revolutions.
28.Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west.
Another was the application of machinery to farming.
B. Repetition for emphasis
29.Gentlemen may cry peace, peace—but there is no peace.
30.Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent shelf were series of splendidly bound
volumes entitled “Skinner’s Works.”
31.Blood must atone for blood.
32.Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
33.Out of sight, out of mind.
34.Home is home, be it ever so homely.
35.No one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
36.That is our policy and that is our declaration.(Churchill’s speech)
37.I have written in bed and written out of it, written day and night.
38.Loyal to every great cause and work he was engaged in, loyal to his friend, loyal to his family, loyal to
his country, loyal to his God…
39.If once virtue is lost, all is lost.
40.Year after year century after century the moon goes through its cycles.
C. Repetition for vividness
41.But there had been too much publicity about my case.
42.His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
43.Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.
44.The toasts were flat.
45.I wasn’t evasive in my reply.
46.Once he took up his pen, writings began pouring down.
47.I was admittedly shy.
48.It was bright September afternoon, and streets of Now York were brilliant with moving men.
49.Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.
省译
A.
1.He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.
2.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
3.We live and learn.
4.Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
5.It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.
6.He looked gloomy and troubled.
7.The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
8.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
9.John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.
10.Modesty helps a person to make progress whereas conceit makes a person lag behind.
11.No matter whether you believe me or not, I saw it with my own eyes.
12.There must be some people in the room, for I heard a voice.
13.If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers
you must first catch their leader.
14.William Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one of the best known writer of
America.
15.Everything is good when new, but friends when old.
16.Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.
17.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.
18.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.
19.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.
20. A boy is always a boy.
21.Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
22.Rumours had already spread along the streets and lanes.
23.I should like to make a brief statement regarding some of the considerations leading to our affirmative
vote.
24.One hundred thousand citizens in Hiroshima of Japan were killed by the first atomic bomb in the world.
25.To use microwave communication has many advantages, for example, the capacity is large, the
guarantee for secrecy is better, and the cost is low.
B.
26.University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
27.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical result of being able to
shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.
28.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.
29.Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to
person.
30.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant
struggle with nature.
31.He considered it (National Security Council) too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people
who talked too much.
32.There is no other month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in
the month of August.
33.“Remember, you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. You’re a man who was sent
as a representative of the British Government.”
否定的陷阱
I. Partial / full negation
1.All that glitters is not gold.
2.All are not friends that speak us fair.
3.All materials are not fuels which burn.
4.Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and
receptionists are no longer automatically women.
5.All’s not smooth for Lakers
6.Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they come.
7.All cities did not look alike as they do today, with the same chain stores and hotels, movies and
illuminated advertisements.
8.Everything is not straightened out.
9.Every man cannot be a poet.
10.Both of the sisters are not here.
11.We both cannot go.
12.Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.
13.The fault is not altogether mine.
14.The whole city was not occupied.
15.No ordinary student can solve the problem.
16.None of them is the man I saw last night.
17.Neither road will take you to the station.
II.Double negation
18.There is nothing that has not its opposite.
19.There is no evil without compensation.
20.There is no story without coincidence.
21.There is not any advantage without disadvantage.
22.There is no meal without meal.
23.We cannot get something for nothing.
24.Peter was not a little surprised.
25.The outcome of the experiment was not half-satisfactory.
26.I'm not reluctant to accept your proposal.
27.Today we cannot walk a few steps without noticing advertising.
28.There is nothing so difficult that it does not become easy by practice.
29.No cross, no crown.
30.No pains, no gains.
III. …but
31.That little bridge is anything but safe.
32.I will do anything but that.
33.I would come with you but that I am so busy.
34.He is anywhere to be found but in his office.
35.It never rains but it pours.
36.He never opens his mouth but he tells a lie.
37.There is nobody but likes her.
38.There is no one but knows that.
39.There is scarcely a man but has his weak side.
40.There is no rule but has exceptions.
41.There is none so wise but he is foolish at some time.
42.There is no work so well done but may be mended.
43.No man is so old but he may learn.
44.His income is not so small but he can support his family.
45.The streets were not so crowded but our car could go through.
IV. There be + no + v-ing
46.There is no accounting for tastes.
47.There is no getting along with him.
48.There is no telling what will happen.
49.There is no going out in this snowstorm.
50.There ‘s no denying the fa ct.
51.There was no living in the island.
V. cannot…too
52.We cannot recommend this book too strongly.
53. A woman can never have too many hats, while a man can never have too many ties.
54.You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
55. A book may be compared to your neighbour; if it be good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you
cannot get rid of it too early.
56.We cannot emphasize too much the importance of reading.
57.No man can have too much knowledge and practice.
58.You can never be too strong.
VI. Words with negative implication
59.He is the last person to tell a lie.
60.An actress is the last thing she will ever be.
61.I hope I have seen the last of her.
62.He is the last man to give up the experiment halfway.
63.She is the last person to trust with a secret.
64.The problem is above me.
65.That ancient vase is above price.
66.John is above reproach.
67.Your request is beyond my power.
68.Her beauty is beyond compare.
69.The sinking ship is beyond help.
70.The computer is beyond repair. You might as well buy a new one.
71.She has changed beyond recognition.
72.He is a man above vulgar interests.
73.It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.
74.He failed to fulfill his promise.
75.His courage failed him.
76.My memory failed me at this moment.
77.She was so upset that words failed her.
78.Be here at 8 o'clock sharp, without fail.
79.After some consideration, the teacher failed him.
80.Her name escaped me.
81.She seemed pale from the absence of all cosmetics.
82.The Secretary is absent in New York.
83.We were shocked by their ignorance of the latest development.
84.His demands are far from reasonable.
85.He is far from being discouraged, though his plan was miscarried.
VII. Others
86.The earth doesn't pull the kitten to it nearly as it pulls a big rock.
87.He never came anywhere near to knowing what it was.
88.It wasn’t half as good as that other restaurant we went to.
89.Films these days aren’t half as good as they used to be.
90.This can by no means be treated causally.
91.He is no match for you in fencing.
92.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
93.He is not giving the present in order to flatter her.
94.They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest.
95.The object didn't move because I pushed on it.
96.We don't consider melting or boiling to be chemical changes.
VIII. It + be + a / an + adj. + noun + that
97.It is a wise father that knows his own child.
98.It is a long lane that has no turning.
99.He is an ill husband who is not missed.
100.H e is a good doctor who cures himself.
101.I t is a bold mouse that nestles in a cat’s ear.
正说反译/ 反说正译
I.反说正译
1.There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.
2.Such window can never be more than half opened.
3.It makes no difference at all.
4.These scientists could not believe the two Curies more.
5.I couldn’t feel better.
6.I couldn’t agree with y ou more.
7.He can’t see you quick enough.
8.They expect nothing more than a peaceful life.
9.All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
10.Yesterday I gave an unprepared speech before a big audience.
11.No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.
12.No man can have too many knowledge and practice.
13.He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.
14.Hitler’s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.
II. 正说反译
15.Samples are on display only.
16.Staff Only
17.We are short of men.
18.Luck is against him.
19.We may safely say so.
20.She continued to look absently at the sea.
21.When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.
22.Such a chance was denied (to) me.
23.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.
24.It is legitimate for us to be proud of our present achievement.
25.As was expected, the enemy walked right into the trap.
26.I have read your article; I expected to meet an older man.
27.The criminal is still at large.
28.It pays to be polite.
29.His books go begging.
30.The valley was so beautiful as to beggar description.
31.The beauty of Mt. Tai passes all power of description.
32.Please tender exact fare.
33.KEEP IN LANE!
34.The place is within five miles of the station.
35.The machine has outlived its usefulness.
36.The child has outgrown his clothes.
37.The door defied all efforts to open it.
38.The point slipped my attention.
39.He kept this news to himself.
40.He was deaf to all advice.
41.The wall is bare of pictures.
42.The roads were clear of traffic.
43.Appearances are often deceptive.
44.The explanation is pretty thin.
45.It is hard to wind the matter up.
46.I know he meant business.
47.Everything goes amiss with him; he has certainly bad luck.
48.He evidently thinks otherwise.
49.I lay awake almost the whole night.
50.That’s a thing might happen to any man.
长句翻译
A. 顺拆法
1.His delegation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue
working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.
2.Mr.S.Giron welcomed the confirmation of the Programme’s tendency to intensify
its efforts in favour of the countries most seriously affected by current crisis.
3.Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information
about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.
B. 倒拆法
4.It is a pity to waste it.
5.It's foolish behaving like that.
6.It’s doubtful whether he will be able to come.
7.It’s a mystery why all our attempts have been unsuccessful.
8.It is a fact that the former U.S.S.R. has disintegrated into a number of small,
independent states.
9.His delegation welcomed the fact that UNDP was prepared to respond to
emergency needs as they rose, despite the basically long-term operations that
characterized those programmes.
10.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to
sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
C. 半倒拆法
11.Flooded with calls, the company is maximizing profits by handling in-city runs.
12.The six fields of activity outlined by the Executive Director at the 1600th meeting
for assisting future generations of children in the poorer countries were entirely acceptable.
13.The era of blatant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous
actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sit-ins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation.
14.Whatever the enthusiasm of the English, who seemed to believe that the Prime
Minister was making the long journey to do what Mr. Asquith and Sir Edward had failed to do in 1914—warn Germany that any aggression against a small
power would bring not only France but Britain into war against it—Hitler
realized, as the confidential German papers and subsequent events make clear, that Chamberlain’s action was a godsend to him.
15.She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a
persistent swelling she attributed to hard work and play in New York city—it was an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuing year of
chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former self.
D. 抽词拆句法
16.The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is
incredible—about one in four.
17.It is well said, in every sense, that a man’s religion is the chief fact with regard to
him.
18.Flying from Australia to Hong Kong, the tourist group then travelled thousands of
interest-filled miles through China by train.
19.All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye
could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests.
20.With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence
seemed totally to desert him.
21.And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.
22.At dinner, a spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that
women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and
a colonel who says that they haven’t.
23.As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to
the problems thrashing around in my brain.
24.During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year,
when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country.
25.There was a troubled frown on his weather beaten face, which had been
disfigured by scars from a high way accident in which Rosealie’s parents had been killed.
26.They are seated with their guests—army officers and government attachés and
their wives, and a visiting American naturalist—in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.
英译汉常用的方法和技巧(4-7)
第三章英译汉常用方法和技巧 （教学安排：6课时） 无论翻译的标准如何，翻译的目的都是要求译者最大程度地传递原文信息/再现原文风格，以求最大程度地“忠实”于原文。翻译标准只是给译者提供了翻译的大方向，在具体的翻译运作过程中，还会遇到种种问题，所以在翻译实践中，还要灵活运用相应的翻译方法和技巧，从原文和译文的整体出发，全面分析，透过现象，抓住本质。经过不断的翻译实践，翻译技巧一定会运用得越来越娴熟，翻译水平也会越来越高。合理有效地运用翻译技巧可以使译文生辉，有效地提高翻译质量。 常用的翻译方法和技巧： 直译和意译 词义的选择 省略法和增补法 词类转译法 重复法 正反、反正表达法 分译法和合译法 直译和意译 英汉两种语言的结构有相同的一面，也有不同的一面，因此翻译时有时使用直译，有时用意译，有时直译并举。无论使用哪种方法，其原则是在忠实原文内容和风格的前提下，摆脱原文结构的束缚，使译文符合汉语的规范 直译(metaphrase/literal translation) 在不影响译入语的自然流畅并保持原文信息的前提下，在译文中既保持原文的内容信息，又保持原文的形式结构，尤其要保持原文的修辞、文体和文化特质。 to kill two birds with one stone to shed crocodile tears 如果不破坏原文结构，译文也能通顺自然且忠实原意，这是最理想的直译，但逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义的情况微乎其微。 直译法的使用不仅极大丰富了汉语的词汇，而且及大地拓展了汉语的表达方式和表达范围。汉语中的外来语大都采用直译法或音译法。例如： lady-killer talk show mad cow disease bird flu chain reaction cat walk humor second-hand car tittup hippy yuppie shock 例1 原文：There are two types of electric current: alternating current in which the current flows first one way then the other in a forward and backward motion, and direct current which flows the same way all the time. 译文： 例2 原文：Losing one’s independence for Americans is a shameful thing.
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项 ~从细节处把握翻译~ 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词） 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
英译汉的基本技巧
英译汉的基本技巧 一）英译汉的基本程序 英译汉的过程包括理解、表达和校核三个阶段。理解是表达的前提，若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达，但理解与表达通常是互相联系、往返反复的过程，在进行汉语表达的时候，又可以进一步加深对原文的理解。因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要我们从英语到汉语，在从汉语到英语反复地推敲。 （一）通读全文 通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握段落内容或整篇文章的内容，理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法和逻辑关系，在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those, other 等所指代的对象。这些词和词组有时在划线的部分中能找到，有时则要到前面的相关句子中去查找。 （二）分析所要翻译句子的结构 从翻译试题来看，所给出的段落中划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确、完整地理解原文的要求。在分析句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，以便明了句子的主干结构。在分析句子的主干结构时还应该注意分析句子成份是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。 （三）选择适当的翻译方法 句子结构分析清楚后，根据主干结构确定采用顺译、逆译还是分译法处理长句；大的框架确定后，根据上下文的意思选择适当的词语翻译方法，可以适当地赠词、补词、引申词义等等。 （四）认真校核译文 句子表达清楚后，还应该回过头来校核一下看译文是否达到了“信、达、雅”的标准，确保自己理解的内容能够很有把握地得到分数。在校核阶段，应注意以下问题; 1.人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等译得是否正确； 2.对原文中的词、句有无错漏； 3.修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇； 4.译文中有无错别字； 5.标点符号的使用是否正确。 二）英译汉基本技巧 （一）单词的翻译 1．词义的选择与引申 词义的选择是翻译过程中的关键性一步。翻译时应根据上下文及搭配词来确定词性及词义。例如heavy一词在下面不同的上下文中有着截然不同的译法。 A.This car is very heavy on oil. B.The snow is falling more heavily tonight than last night. C.He is a media heavy. D.There was a heavy fragrance of flowers and lemon trees. E.This is heavy news to everyone that there will be a war next century. F.This dessert is not bad, but a little heavy.
英语中英译汉技巧
英语中英译汉技巧(1) 以下浅谈英译汉的几点技巧。 第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译： （1）It is＋名词十从句： It is a fact that,事实是,, It is a question that,,,是个问题 It is good news that,,,是好消息 it is common knowledge,,,是常识 (2) It is＋过去分词十从句： It is said that,据说,, It must be pointed out that,必须指出,, It is asserted that,有人主张,, It is supposed that,据推测,, It is believed that,据信,, It must be admitted that,必须承认,, It is reported that,据报道,, It will be seen from ii that,由此可见,, It has been proved that,已证明,, It is general1y considered that,人们普遍认为,, （3）It is＋形容词十从句： It is necessary that,有必要,, It is likely that,很可能,, It is clear that,很清楚,, It is important that,重要的是,, (4) It＋不及物动词十从句： It follows that,由此可见,, It happens that,碰巧,, It turned out that,结果是,, 第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意 义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为,所”等等。例如： What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.（在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐 惧的，莫过于孤独了。） 第三，注意长句的翻译。首先不要被长句吓住，即使是很长的句子，也是由最基本的成分组成。分析 句子的基本成分，主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分，然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、 语法关系，再进行翻译。值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。关系分句主要功能是作名词（词组）的后置修饰 语（即定语），但除作名词修饰语外，关系分句还可起其他作用，比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用，因此 译成汉语时要注意，限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后，汉语则将其置于先行项（antecedent）的前边，使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子，如：I want a wife who will work and send me to school.（我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆）。有的句子过长，前置会显得累赘，或不符合汉语的习惯，这样我们翻译时将从句后置，把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。 如：I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife’s duties but a1ways listens
英译汉技巧练习
英译汉技巧练习 一词多义 poor 1.Cuba is indeed a poor country, but it intends to catch up. 2.The water is poor in oxygen. 3.The Department of Justice was reluctant to bring poor cases into court. 4.The outlook for détente is poor over the short time. 5.In my poor opinion, you’v e made a great mistake. 6.Other media closer to the scene dismissed Carter as a poor loser. 7.“Poor Mexico”, an old saying goes, “so distant from God, so close to The United States.” 8.She told me that she was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat. develop 9.This fear is that these minor clashes may develop into all-out confrontation. 10.When started out as a short story eventually developed into a full-scale novel. 11.Their casual acquaintance developed over time into a lasting friendship. 12.The whole project developed out of an idea that I had while I was in the States. 13.This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles. 14.For some reason, the last film I took didn’t develop properly. 15.The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer. 16. A good diet is essential for a child’s healthy growth and development. 17.There’s been a lot of housing development in the area. 词义褒贬 1.Hitler’s ambition to conquer the whole of Europe was doomed to fail. 2.Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 3.He is fidgety and restless. 4.All the inventors have a restless mind. 5.She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone. 6.The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war. 7.He is respected by his people for his farsightedness. 8.I always consider him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him. 9.Ford found that Zhou Enlai was a charming, polished, shrewd host. “Calculating,” Ford added, “Strong, Extremely well-informed.” 10.To be something and somebody was Harriman’s fondest wish for his son. 11.When he hosted a grand party to celebrate the nation’s 2500th anniversary, he invited actually everybody who was anybody, but mostly nobodies showed up. 12.When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody. 13.He found it difficult to get a job because a cloud always hung over his reputation. 14.Then, just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russians arrested me as a “spy” and sent me out through Poland. (Anna Louise Strong) 15.His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends.
英译汉的步骤与技巧示例
英译汉的步骤与技巧实例 （一）英译汉的步骤 由于英译汉试题中的句子结构一般都较为复杂，很难一步到位地给出准确的译文，因此建议采用由大到小的步骤逐步翻译，以达到译文的“忠实”、“通顺”，这一方法是指先从大处着眼找出句子的主干结构和主要元素，然后再填补细节，分析句子的外围成分，最后再加以润色，下面举例说明。 【例1】Whether to use tests, other kinds of information , or both in a particular situation depends , therefore , upon the evidence from experience concernimg comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 步骤1：主谓宾 whether从句depend onevidence and factors 是……还是……取决于依据和因素 步骤2：采用测试其他信息同时经验依据费用、来源因素 步骤3：是采用测试还是其他种类信息，或是两者同时使用，取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。 步骤4：补上：in a particular situation, therefore, concerning comparative validity等成分，并对整句加以润色。 【译文】因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或者两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。 这种方法适用于内容复杂，较多从句、并列的比较、选择词组也较多的句子。 （二）英译汉的技巧示例 1 谨慎选词、意达文顺
英语阅读理解英译汉翻译技巧
英语阅读理解英译汉翻译技巧 翻译过程包括两个阶段:正确理解和充分表达。理解是表达的前提，而表达是理解的目的和结果，二者缺一不可，因此，考生在做英译汉部分试题时: (1)切记不可急躁，一定要先通读全文，把握全文的主旨、内容，把握画线部分的语境。 (2)在着重理解画线部分时，首先要在语义上弄清全句的整体意思和每个单词的意思;其次要分析清楚句子结构，理出句群，找出各分句之间的关系。 (3)可考虑先打一份翻译草稿，再根据文章意义和汉语结构进行调整。 (一)词的译法 1.词义的选择 由于英语中一词多义的现象十分普遍，且英汉词典中给出的汉语解释未必全面，未必与英文的意思完全对等，这就给我们带来两方面的问题:其一，我们需要根据该多义词在其语言环境中的词类、搭配关系甚至是单复数形式来确定其基本意思(即“忠实”);其二，在“忠实”的原则下，如果词典上的释义显得不“通顺”，那么为了“忠实”与“通顺”的统一，我们必须立足于原意，对其加以适当的引申。 选择词义的时候，要根据词在句中的词类及上下文的搭配关系来确定。 如:The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users. (1995年真题)
,译文,把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的。因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有意识到弊病来自人们对这种测试的不甚了解或使用不当。 ,分析,attack的基本意思是“进攻，攻击”，但在这里的搭配是attacking the tests, 显然这是指“口诛”、“笔伐”，译为“抨击”或“批评”才算准确。divert attentionfrom 的意思是“将注意力从……移开”，但文中的批评者坚持认为错在考试形式，并不是已经注 意到什么而又有意转移视线。所以这里最好译成“没有注意到”或“没有意识到”。 incompetent原意为“不胜任的”，“不胜任的使用者”这一译法有“欧化”之嫌，不如译 作“使用不当”。另外，在翻译该句时应将主语The target指代的内容补充完整。 再如，Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.(1992年第73题) ,译文,既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比 较时，我们所使用的尺度要能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 ,分析,scale最常见的意思是“范围”，但这里和文章要表达的意思相去甚远。 2.词类的转化
英译汉解题技巧
第五部分：英译汉 英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。 一、翻译技巧一 一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。 (一)重点分析句子结构 其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语+ be + 表语 Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。 2. to do句型: 主语+ do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。 3. there be句型: There be + 主语+ 状语 There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。 (二)确定语法现象和惯用结构 英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如: ●Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) ●The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) ●You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) ●Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完，她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语 I之前) ●It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其余成分) ●The books were either works on travel or detective novels. 这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。(连接词either… or…连接两个表语) (三)熟悉固定搭配词组和习惯用法 英译汉考题中还常常会设计一个关键的考点–固定搭配的词组和习惯表达法, 旨在考查考生对词汇的掌握和运用情况。考生在理解这些习惯用语时会感到很困难, 这是