内分泌单选题100

内分泌科护士考试试题

1．下列不是人体主要内分泌腺的是（）

A 下丘脑

B 腺垂体、神经垂体

C 甲状腺

D 肝脏

2．胰岛素生理功能是（）

A 促糖原分解和糖异生，使血糖降低

B 促葡萄糖利用和转化，使血糖降低，促蛋白质合成

C 促蛋白质合成，维持男性第二性征

D 调节胃肠平滑肌运动

3．消瘦是指较正常体重下降为（）

A 5％以内

B 8％以内

C 10％以上

D 7％

4．肥胖是指体重超过理想体重为（）

A 5％

B 10％

C 8％

D 20％

5．抗甲状腺药物硫脲类、咪唑类的主要作用机制是（）

A 抑制甲状腺激素合成

B 抑制抗原抗体反应

C 抑制甲状腺激素释放

D 降低外周组织对甲状腺激素反应6．1 型糖尿病临床表现特点下列哪项不妥（）

A 多发生于青少年

B 起病较急

C 症状重

D 起病缓慢

7．糖尿病患者体内葡萄糖不能充分利用，发生消瘦的原因是（）

A 口渴多饮

B 脂肪合成增多

C 无氧糖酵解增加

D 蛋白质和脂肪分解增多及失水

8．目前糖尿病患者主要死亡原因为（）

A 下肢动脉血栓形成

B 酮症酸中毒

C 高渗性非酮症昏迷

D 冠心病、脑血管疾病

9．糖尿病患者注射普通胰岛素后一小时方进餐，此时患者出现头昏、心悸、多汗饥饿感，护士应想到患者发生哪些病情变化（）

A 胰岛素过敏

B 冠心病心绞痛

C 低血糖反应

D 酮症酸中毒早期

10.关于2 型糖尿病，正确的说法是（）

A 应有“三多一少”的症B. 糖耐量试验有助于可疑病例的诊断

C.胰岛素水平低于正常

D.空腹血糖应升高

11.糖尿病酮症酸中毒抢救的主要措施是（）

A.补液

B.抗感染

C.补生理盐水+胰岛素

D.补碱性液

12. 2 型糖尿病的基础治疗措施是（）

A.饮食治疗

B.胰岛素治疗

C.双胍类降血糖药

D.磺脲类降糖药

13．女性，28 岁，烦渴多尿1 年，不规律用胰岛素治疗，纳差、呕吐3 天。体检：T 36.2℃，呼吸深大有异味。血糖22mmol/L，尿糖（++++），酮体（+++）。最可能的诊断为（）

A.急性肠炎+代谢性酸中毒

B.代谢性碱中毒

C.乳酸酸中毒

D.糖尿病酮症酸中毒

14.女，24 岁，多饮、多食10 年，空腹血糖经常大于10.8mmol/L.近2 个月来眼睑及下肢轻度水肿，血压160／100mmHg，尿蛋白（++）。最可能的诊断为（）

A.高血压病

B.糖尿病肾病

C.糖尿病合并肾盂肾炎

D.糖尿病合并膀胱炎

15. 2 型糖尿病最常见致死并发症是（）

A.心血管病变

B.非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷

C.并发感染及至败血症

D.酮症酸中毒昏迷

16.抗甲状腺药物丙基硫氧嘧啶、他巴唑最严重的不良反应是（）

A.永久性甲低

B.粒细胞缺乏

C.胃肠道反应

D.肝功能损害

17.甲状腺危象时，首先选用的药物是（）

A.心得安

B.甲基硫氧嘧啶

C.丙基硫氧嘧啶

D.碘化钠静脉滴注

18.关于2型糖尿病的描述，下列哪项是错误的

A.起病较慢

B.多伴肥胖

C.酮症少见

D.症状较轻

19.糖尿病的确诊条件是

A.餐后1h血糖>11.1mmol／L

B.随意血糖>11.1mmol／L

C.空腹血糖>6.2mmol／L

D.餐后2h血糖>11.1mmol／L

20.以下哪项不符合甲亢的临床表现（）

A.易发生房性心律失常

B.可发生低钾性麻痹

C.活动时心率加快，休息则心率正常

D.可伴有肌病

21. 14 岁初中二年级女学生，Graves 病，治疗宜选用

A.I131 治疗

B.抗甲状腺药物

C.镇静剂

D.立即手术治疗

22.糖尿病的典型临床表现为（）

A.起病缓慢

B.“三多一少”症状明显

C.多见于成年与老年

D.血糖波动小而稳定

23.糖尿病病人予以胰岛素治疗，最常见的药物不良反应是（）

A.低血糖反应

B.肝功能损害

C.腹胀、腹痛

D.局部红肿、皮疹

24.有关糖尿病病人应用胰岛素治疗，下列哪项不正确（）

A.胰岛素应冷冻保藏

B.采用1ml 注射器抽药

C.经常更换注射部位

D.局部消毒应严密

25.I型糖尿病酸中毒病人，首先应静脉补充

A.等渗氯化钠溶液

B.低渗氯化钠溶液

C.10％葡萄糖液

D.5％碳酸氢钠溶液

26.适用于各型糖尿病的治疗，最基本的办法是（）

A.注射胰岛素

B.口服优降糖

C.饮食疗法

D.卧床休息

27.引起甲状腺功能亢进症发病的主要因素是（）

A.自身免疫

B.病毒感染

C.理化因素

D.过度疲劳

28.配制混合胰岛素时，必须先抽吸短效胰岛素是为了防止（）

A.发生中和反应

B.加速胰岛素降解

C.丧失短效胰岛素的速效特性

D.降低鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素药效

29.糖尿病最严重的并发症是

A.皮肤感染

B.泌尿系感染

C.酮症酸中毒

D.低血糖

30.注射胰岛素时，需经常更换注射部位的原因是（）

A.防止注射部位组织硬化

B.防止胰岛素吸收过多

C.防止低血糖反应

D.防止血管闭塞

31.计算基础代谢率(BMR)的正确公式是（）

A.BMR=脉率+收缩压一lll

B.BMR=脉率+舒张压～lll

C.BMR=脉率+脉压

D.BMR=脉率+脉压一111

32.酮症酸中毒患者经治疗后，意识恢复后突然感到心悸、饥饿、出汗，随即又意识不清，应立即（）

A.加大胰岛素剂量

B.加用优降糖

C.静脉滴注碳酸氢钠

D.静脉注射50%葡萄糖

33.甲状腺功能亢进病人饮食不宜（）

A.高热量

B. 高纤维素

C.高糖类

D.高维生素

34.女性，70 岁。糖尿病病史20 余年，诉视不清，胸闷憋气，两腿及足底刺痛，夜间难以入睡多年。近来，足趾渐变黑。该病人并发的疾病不包括下列哪一项（）

A.白内障或视网膜病变

B. 足部感染

C.神经病变

D.肢端坏疽

35.某糖尿病病人于某日餐前突然感到饥饿难忍、全身无力、心慌、出虚汗，继而神志恍惚，护士应立即采取哪项措施（）

A.静脉取血测血糖

B.协助病人饮糖水

C.进行血压监测

D.建立静脉通路

36.谢女士，患糖尿病，胰岛素治疗期间突然心悸、饥饿、出汗，随即意识不清。首要的措施为（）

A.加大胰岛素剂量

B.加用优降糖

C.静脉注射50%葡萄糖液

D.静脉滴注碳酸氢钠

37.糖尿病易合并肾功不全何故

A.微血管病变

B.肾小动脉痉挛

C.肾动脉硬化

D.并发肾炎

38.对糖尿病分类、分型最有意义的是( )

A.尿糖定量测定

B. 葡萄糖胰岛素释放试验

C.糖化血红蛋白测定

D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验

39.对诊断l 型糖尿病最有价值的是( )

A.尿糖定量测定

B.胰岛素抗体测定

C.糖化血红蛋白测定

D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验

40.对可疑糖尿病最有确诊意义的是( )

A.尿糖定量测定

B.胰岛素抗体测定

C.糖化血红蛋白测定

D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验

41.有助于判断糖尿病控制程度的是( )

A.尿糖定量测定

B.胰岛素抗体测定

C.糖化血红蛋白测定

D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验

42.对观察糖尿病的治疗效果最有意义的是( )

A.尿糖定量测定

B.胰岛素抗体测定

C.糖化血红蛋白测定

D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验

43.高热量饮食适用于( )

A.甲状腺功能亢进症病人

B.糖尿病病人

C.垂体功能不全病人

D.尿崩症病人

44.饮食治疗作为基础治疗的是( )

A.甲状腺功能亢进症病人

B.糖尿病病人

C.垂体功能不全病人

D.尿崩症病人

45．调整胰岛素剂量最简便的检查是：( )

A.空腹血糖

B.尿糖

C.糖基化血红蛋白

D.葡萄糖耐量试验

46．判断糖尿病控制程度的指标是：( )

A.空腹血糖

B.尿糖

C.糖基化血红蛋白

D.葡萄糖耐量试验

47．诊断糖耐量异常的指标是：( )

A.空腹血糖

B.尿糖

C.糖基化血红蛋白

D.葡萄糖耐量试验

48．鉴别1 型和2 型糖尿病最好的指标是：( )

A.空腹血糖

B. 胰岛素释放试验

C.糖基化血红蛋白

D.葡萄糖耐量试验

49．诊断糖尿病倾向最好的检查是：( ) A.空腹血糖B.尿糖C.糖基化血红蛋白D.葡萄糖耐量试验

50 降糖灵(苯乙双胍)：( )

A.不经肝脏代谢

B.95％的代谢产物在胆汁中排出

C.易出现乳酸酸中毒

D.作用时间超过24 小时

51.神经系统通过下列哪项来调节内分泌腺的活动：

A.脑垂体

B.神经节

C.下丘脑

D.神经组织

52.由于内分泌疾病的神经、精神改变较突出，护理时安慰患者焦虑情绪的最佳措施：

A.进行心理疏导

B.给予地西泮

C.减少探视

D.促进睡眠

53.甲状腺功能亢进症患者消化系统一般不出现的身体状况为：

A.易饥多食

B. 大便秘结

C.体重锐减

D.营养不良

54.关于甲状腺功能亢进症的护理评估，错误的项目为：

A.食欲亢进

B.心率增快

C. 脉压缩小

D.可出现躁狂抑郁症

55.内分泌系统疾病病人的护理诊断，下列哪项错误：

A.焦虑／恐惧

B.营养失调

C.知识缺乏

D.糖尿病

56.抗甲状腺药物治疗甲亢的总疗程通常是.

A. 1-2年

B.3-4周

C.l-2个月

D.3-4个月 .

57.硫脲类抗甲状腺药物最常见的副作用是：

A.胃肠反应

B.白细胞减少

C.肾脏损害

D.肝脏损害

58.甲亢危象最常见的诱发因素是：

A.外科手术

B.精神创伤

C.感染

D.妊娠

59.下丘脑的作用是

A.缩宫素

B.生长激素

C.对垂体的各种激素的促释放

D.泌乳素

E.抗利尿激素

60.甲状腺功能亢进是什么过多

A.胰岛素

B.甲状腺素

C.垂体后叶素

D.生长激素

E.醛固酮

61.甲亢性心脏病心律失常最常见的是：

A.房性期前收缩

B.室性期前收缩

C.交界性期间收缩

D.阵发性房颤

62.甲状腺功能亢进病人怕热、多汗或低热是由于

A.进食高热量

B.进食脂肪多

C.基础代谢率增高

D.有细菌感染

63.甲状腺功能亢进症患者，休息的环境要求：

A.光线充足

B.安静

C.室温宜高

D.空调房间

64.甲状腺功能亢进治疗方法中，最易引起甲状腺功能减退的是：

A.甲基硫氧嘧啶

B.他巴唑

C.131I治疗

D.甲亢平

65.内分泌系统的功能是

A.发育

B.合成调控各种激素的分泌

C.生长

D.衰老

66.甲状腺功能亢进患者的饮食宜给予：

A.高热量、高蛋白、高维生素

B.高热量、高蛋白、低维生素

C.高热量、高蛋白、高盐

D.高热量、低蛋白、低盐

67.甲状腺功能亢进症的一般护理措施应除外：

A.充分休息

B.心理疏导

C.多进饮料

D.避免劳累

68.糖尿病的基本病理变化是：

A.生长激素分泌过多

B. 胰岛素绝对或相对不足

C.胰升糖素分泌过多

D.糖皮质激素分泌过多

69.糖尿病患者控制饮食的目的是：

A.减轻体重，防止肥胖

B. 减轻胰岛β细胞负担

C.延缓消化吸收

D.减少胰液的分泌

70.糖尿病患者体育锻炼时应注意：

A.运动量不宜过大

B.在胰岛素注射前进行

C.运动量不宜过小

D.每l－2个月一次

71.下列哪项不是低血糖反应的表现：

A.饥饿感

B.高热

C.心悸

D.软弱，出汗

72.葡萄糖耐量试验的主要适应证是：

A.血糖明显升高而无临床症状者

B.血糖正常偏低而口渴多饮多尿者

C.空腹血糖10.9mmol/L而尿糖阴性者

D.空腹血糖正常或略升高的可疑病例

73.皮下注射普通胰岛素，最强作用的时间是在：

A.1/2-1h

B.l-2h

C.2-4h

D.4-6h

74.糖尿病酮症酸中毒的特征性表现为：

A.极度口渴

B. 呼气有烂苹果味

C.呼吸加速

D.眼球下陷

75.病人女性，20岁，被诊断1型糖尿病1年，并多次发生酮症酸中毒.护士教

给病人自己注射胰岛素.请问胰岛素治疗护理，下列哪项不妥

A.采用1ml注射器

B.剂量必须准确

C.普通胰岛素餐前1h注射

D.保存于室温20℃以下

76.注射过量胰岛素常可引起：

A.高血糖

B.低血糖反应

C.胰岛素瘤

D.酮症酸中毒

77.抽取胰岛素时，通常用的注射器规格是：

A.1ml

B.2ml

C.5ml

D.10ml

78.与糖尿周围神经病变的表现不符的是：

A.四肢麻木

B. 舞蹈症

C.感觉过敏

D.皮肤蚁走感

79.糖尿病出现多尿的病因是

A.量过多

B.尿渗透压增高

C.药物不良反应

D.尿路感染

80.在初次使用胰岛素治疗时，一般选用

A.正规胰岛素从小剂量开始

B.鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素从小剂量开始

C.正规胰岛素从大剂量开始

D.正规胰岛素与鱼精蛋白胰岛素联合应用

81.在规定的热卡进食后，糖尿病患者仍感饥饿者可：

A.酌增热卡

B.添食饼干

C.增食蔬菜

D.补加面食

82.甲状腺功能亢进病人神经系统最突出的表现是：

A.易怒

B.淡漠

C.嗜睡

D.迟钝

83.诊断甲亢的主要依据是：

A.症状和体征

B.基础代谢率测定

C.血清蛋白结合碘测定

D.血清甲状腺素测定

84.女，37岁，甲亢3年，短期服他巴唑后病情好转，自动停药.其后又复发，3日来，每日大便5－7次无腹痛，发热39－40℃，多汗、湿衣被，兴奋不安，P：160次/min，早搏，诊断应首先考虑：

A.甲亢复发

B.细菌性痢疾

C.甲亢性心脏病

D. 甲状腺功能亢进症危象

85.下列哪项不是甲亢的临床表现：

A.表情淡漠

B.下肢粘液水肿

C.低热

D. 月经过多

86.刺激甲状腺功能亢进症患者症状加重的主要因素是：

A.语言刺激

B.过度劳累

C.寒冷环境

D.进食不足

87.甲状腺功能亢进症良性突眼的原因主要是：

A.球后组织有细胞浸润

B.球后组织有水肿

C.眼外肌水肿变性

D.上眼睑肌的痉挛和回缩

88.甲状腺功能亢进症者服用他巴唑出现药物反应，下列何项是停药观察的重要指征

A.胃肠道反应

B. 中性粒细胞＜ l.5 ×109/L

C.头昏、乏力

D.突眼加重

89.低血糖反应，急救措施是

A.减少胰岛素用量

B.就地休息

C.立即输人氯化钠

D.立即食糖果或含糖饮料

90.肥胖2型糖尿病病人，控制饮食、体重是基本治疗.请问糖尿病饮食原则，不包括

A.碳水化合物占60％

B.餐热量分配为1／5、2／5、2／5

C.少食粗纤维食物

D.日脂肪宜限量

91.某甲状腺功能亢进症患者，突然出现烦躁不安、闷热、呕吐、大汗、心率加快、骤升.你认为可能发生了什么征象：

A.甲状腺危象

B.甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病

C.淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进

D.粘液性水肿

92.以下哪项不是糖尿病健康教育的内容

A.控制饮食

B.体育锻炼

C.监测血糖

D.进食富有营养的食物

93.关于1型糖尿病，下列何项是错误的：

A.起病较急，症状明显

B.对胰岛素不敏感

C.大多消瘦

D.有发生酮症酸中毒的倾向

94.甲亢病人的饮食指导，下列哪项不妥

A.高蛋白高热能

B.多种维生素

C.低盐低脂肪

D.禁饮浓茶咖啡

95.符合糖尿病酮症酸中毒的最主要实验室检查项目是：

A.血糖＞16.8mmol/L

B.CO2结合力降低

C.血酮升高，尿酮阳性

D.血白细胞增高

96.治疗糖尿病时，胰岛素制剂的最常用方式是：

A.皮内注射

B.皮下注射

C.肌内注射

D.静脉注射

97.糖尿病最易并发的感染是：

A.肺结核

B.肾盂肾炎

C.真菌性阴道炎

D.皮肤化脓性感染

98.每个糖尿病患者必需的治疗是：

A.胰岛素治疗

B.胰岛素+降糖药

C.饮食治疗

D.饮食疗法+降糖药

99.一般在皮下注射胰岛素后多长时间进食为宜：

A.5min

B.15min

C.25min

D.30min

100.酮症酸中毒的护理注意事项中，下列哪项不妥：

A.昏迷时设专人护理

B.绝对卧床休息

C.及时留取标本送验

D.快速推注碳酸氢钠

参考答案：

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（51）C （52）A （53）B （54）C （55）D （56）A （57）B （58）C （59）C （60）B （61）D （62）C （63）B （64）C （65）B （66）A （67）C （68）B （69）B （70）A （71）B （72）D （73）C （74）B （75 ）C（76）B （77）A （78）B （79）B （80）A （81）C （82）A （83）A （84）D （85）D （86）A （87）D （88）B （89）D （90）C （91）A （92 D （93）B （94）C （95）C （96）B （97）D （98）C （99）D （100）D

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