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Springer论文格式

Springer论文格式
Springer论文格式

Author Guidelines for the Preparation of Contributions to Springer Computer Science Proceedings Alfred Hofmann1,*, Ralf Gerstner1, Anna Kramer1, and Frank Holzwarth2

1 Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Editorial, Heidelberg, Germany

{alfred.hofmann,ralf.gerstner,anna.kramer}@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,

2 Springer-Verlag, Technical Support, Heidelberg, Germany

frank.holzwarth@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,

Abstract. The abstract is a mandatory element that should summarize the con-

tents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. Ab-

stract and keywords are freely available in SpringerLink.

Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords here. They

should be separated by middots.

1Introduction

You will find here Springer’s guidelines for the preparation of proceedings papers to be published in one of the following series, in printed and electronic form:

?Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), incl. its subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), and LNCS Transactions;

?Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP);

?Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS);

?Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Tele-communications Engineering (LNICST);

?IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIP AICT), for-merly known as the IFIP Series;

?Proceedings in Information and Communication Technology (PICT).

Your contribution may be prepared in LaTeX or Microsoft Word. Technical Instruc-tions for working with Springer’s style files and templates are provided in separate documents which can be found in the respective zip packages on our website.

*No academic titles or descriptions of academic positions should be included in the addresses.

The affiliations should consist of the author’s institution, town, and country.

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2Preparation of Your Paper

2.1Structuring Your Paper

Affiliations. The affiliated institutions are to be listed directly below the names of the authors. Multiple affiliations should be marked with superscript Arabic numbers, and they should each start on a new line as shown in this document. In addition to the name of your affiliation, we would ask you to give the town and the country in which it is situated. If you prefer to include the entire postal address, then please feel free to do so. E-mail addresses should start on a new line and should be grouped per affiliation. Headings.Headings should be capitalized (i.e., nouns, verbs, and all other words except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions should be set with an initial capital) and should, with the exception of the title, be aligned to the left. Only the first two levels of section headings should be numbered, as shown in Table 1. The respective font sizes are also given in Table 1. Kindly refrain from using “0” when numbering your section headings.

Table 1. Font sizes of headings. Table captions should always be positioned above the tables. Heading level Example Font size and style Title (centered) Lecture Notes14 point, bold

1st-level heading 1 Introduction12 point, bold

2nd-level heading 2.1 Printing Area10 point, bold

3rd-level heading Run-in Heading in Bold. Text follows10 point, bold

4th-level heading Lowest Level Heading. Text follows10 point, italic Words joined by a hyphen are subject to a special rule. If the first word can stand alone, the second word should be capitalized.

Here are some examples of headings: “Criteria to Disprove Context-Freeness of Collage Languages”, “On Correcting the Intrusion of Tracing Non-deterministic Pro-grams by Software”, “A User-Friendly and Extendable Data Distribution System”, “Multi-flip Networks: Parallelizing GenSAT”, “Self-determinations of Man”. Lemmas, Propositions, and Theorems.The numbers accorded to lemmas, proposi-tions, and theorems, etc. should appear in consecutive order, starting with Lemma 1. Please do not include section counters in the numbering like “Theorem 1.1”.

2.2Length of Papers

We only wish to publish papers of significant scientific content. Very short papers will be moved to the back matter, will not be made available for indexing, and will not be visible as individual papers on SpringerLink.

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2.3 Page Numbering and Running Heads

There is no need to include page numbers or running heads; this will be done at our

end. If your paper title is too long to serve as a running head, it will be shortened.

Your suggestion as to how to shorten it would be most welcome.

2.4 Figures and Tables

It is essential that all illustrations are clear and legible. Vector graphics (rather than

rasterized images) should be used for diagrams and schemas whenever possible.

Please check that the lines in line drawings are not interrupted and have a constant

width. Grids and details within the figures must be clearly legible and may not be

written one on top of the other. Line drawings are to have a resolution of at least 800

dpi (preferably 1200 dpi). The lettering in figures should not use font sizes

p o w e r f l u c t u a t i o n (1555 n m ), d B time, ms

Fig. 1. Power distribution of channel at 1555 nm along the link of 383 km (Source: LNCS

5412, p. 323)

Fig. 2. Artifacts empowered by Artificial Intelligence (Source: LNCS 5640, p. 115)

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smaller than 6 pt (~ 2mm character height). Figures are to be numbered and to have a

caption which should always be positioned under the figures, in contrast to the caption

belonging to a table, which should always appear above the table.

Captions are set in 9-point type. If they are short, they are centered between the

margins. Longer captions, covering more than one line, are justified (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2

show examples). Captions that do not constitute a full sentence, do not have a period.

Text fragments of fewer than four lines should not appear at the tops or bottoms of

pages, following a table or figure. In such cases, it is better to set the figures right at

the top or right at the bottom of the page.

If screenshots are necessary, please make sure that the essential content is clear to

the reader.

Remark 1. In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white (half-

tones), and only in exceptional cases, and if the author or the conference organization

is prepared to cover the extra costs involved, are colored pictures accepted. Colored

pictures are welcome in the electronic version free of charge. If you send colored

figures that are to be printed in black and white, please make sure that they really are

also legible in black and white. Some colors show up very poorly when printed in

black and white.

2.5Formulas

Displayed equations or formulas are centered and set on a separate line (with an extra

line or half line space above and below). Displayed expressions should be numbered

for reference. The numbers should be consecutive within the contribution, with num-

bers enclosed in parentheses and set on the right margin. Please do not include section

counters in the numbering.

x + y = z (1) Equations should be punctuated in the same way as ordinary text but with a small

space before the end punctuation mark.

2.6Footnotes

The superscript numeral used to refer to a footnote appears in the text either directly

after the word to be discussed or – in relation to a phrase or a sentence – following the

punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, or period).1

For remarks pertaining to the title or the authors’ names, in the header of a paper,

symbols should be used instead of a number (see first page of this document). Please

note that no footnotes may be included in the abstract.

1The footnote numeral is set flush left and the text follows with the usual word spacing.

5 2.7Program Code

Program listings or program commands in the text are normally set in typewriter font: program Inflation (Output)

{Assuming annual inflation rates of 7%, 8%, and

10%,... years};

const MaxYears = 10;

var Year: 0..MaxYears;

Factor1, Factor2, Factor3: Real;

begin

Year := 0;

Factor1 := 1.0; Factor2 := 1.0; Factor3 := 1.0;

WriteLn('Year 7% 8% 10%'); WriteLn;

repeat

Year := Year + 1;

Factor1 := Factor1 * 1.07;

Factor2 := Factor2 * 1.08;

Factor3 := Factor3 * 1.10;

WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,

Factor3:7:3)

until Year = MaxYears

end.

[Example of a computer program from Jensen K., Wirth N.: Pascal User Manual and Report. Springer, New York (1991)]

2.8Citations and Bibliography

For citations in the text, please use square brackets and consecutive numbers. We would write [1,2,3,4,5] for consecutive numbers and [1], [3], [5] for non-consecutive numbers. The numbers in the bibliography section are without square brackets. We prefer numbered references to other styles of references, such as those with abbreviat-ed names and years.

Please write all references using the Latin alphabet. If the title of the book you are referring to is, e.g., in Russian or Chinese, then please write (in Russian) or (in Chi-nese) at the end of the transcript or translation of the title.

In order to permit cross referencing within SpringerLink, and eventually between different publishers and their online databases, Springer standardizes the format of the references. This feature aims to increase the visibility of publications and facilitate academic research. Please base your references on the examples given in the refer-ences section of these instructions. References that do not adhere to this style will be reformatted at our end.

We would like to draw your attention to the fact that references to LNCS proceed-ings papers are particularly often reformatted due to missing editor names or incom-plete publisher information. This adjustment may result in the final papers as pub-

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lished by Springer having more pages than the original versions as submitted by the authors. Here is an example:

Reference as formatted in author’s original version:

Assemlal, H.E., Tschumperlé, D., Brun, L.: Efficient Computation of PDF-Based Characteris-tics from Diffusion MR Signal. In: MICCAI. Volume 5242. (2008) 70–78

Reference after reformatting by Springer:

Assemlal, H.E., Tschumperlé, D., Brun, L.: Efficient Computation of PDF-Based Characteris-tics from Diffusion MR Signal. In: Metaxas, D., Axel, L., Fichtinger, G., Székely, G. (eds.) MICCAI 2008, Part II. LNCS, vol. 5242, pp. 70–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

One more line is needed for this reference, as a result of Springer’s adjustment.

Please make sure that all your sources are correctly listed in the reference section. Do not include references to pieces of work that are not connected with your paper.

The references section at the end of this paper shows a sample reference list with entries for journal articles [1], an LNCS chapter [2], a book [3], proceedings without editors [4] and [5], as well as a URL [6]. Please note that Springer proceedings are cited with their publication acronyms and volume numbers.

2.9Plagiarism

Springer takes plagiarism seriously. If an author has copied from another author or has used parts of another author’s work (text, tables, figures, etc.), without his or her permission and a reference, then the paper on SpringerLink will be given a “retracted” stamp, and an erratum explaining the reasons for the retraction will be included. In addition, the volume editors and the author’s academic supervisors will be informed that plagiarism has been committed. Please note that a retracted paper remains visible, with its “retracted” stamp. It does not simply disappear.

Acknowledgements. This should always be a run-in heading and not a section or subsection heading. It should not be assigned a number. The acknowledgements may include reference to grants or supports received in relation to the work presented in the paper.

3Additional Information Required from Authors

3.1Copyright Form

There are different copyright forms in place for the different Springer Computer Sci-ence proceedings book series. A prefilled copyright form is usually available from the conference website. Please send your signed copyright form to your conference publi-cation contact, either as a scanned PDF or by fax or by courier. One author may sign

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on behalf of all of the other authors of a particular paper. In this case, the author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. Digital signatures are not acceptable.

3.2Contact Author Information

Kindly assure that, when you submit the final version of your paper, you also provide the name and e-mail address of the contact author for your paper. These details are used to compile a list of contact authors for our typesetting partners SPS in India. The contact author must be available to check the paper roughly seven weeks before the start of the conference, or before the book is due to leave the printing office, in the case of post-conference proceedings. Please also mark the corresponding author in the header of the paper, preferably with a small envelope. If this is not done by you, it will be carried out by our typesetters.

3.3Correct Representation of Author Names

Authors’ names should be written out in full at the tops of the papers. They are short-ened by us to “initials surname” in the running heads and take the form “surname, given name” in the author index. If you or any of your co-authors have more than one family name, it should be made quite clear how your name is to be displayed in the running heads and the author index. Chinese authors should write their given names in front of their surnames at the tops of their papers. If you only have one (main) name, please make sure that this name is written out in full in the running heads, when you check your final PDF. Names and affiliations cannot be changed once a paper has been published.

4Typesetting of Your Paper at Springer

Please make sure that the paper you submit is final and complete, that any copyright issues have been resolved, that the authors listed at the top of the chapter really are the final authors, and that you have not omitted any references. Following publication, it is not possible to alter or withdraw your paper on SpringerLink. Kindly note that we prefer the use of American English.

4.1What Will Be Done with Your Paper

If the instructions have been followed closely, then only very minor alterations will be made to your paper. The production team at SPS checks the format of the paper, and if, for example, vertical spacing has been inserted or removed, then this is remedied. In addition, running-heads, final page numbers, and a copyright line are inserted, and the capitalization of the headings is checked and corrected if need be. Finally, the refer-

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ence section is attuned to our specifications (see also Section 2.7). Light technical copyediting may also be performed.

4.2Proof Reading Stage

Once the files have been worked upon, SPS sends a copy of the final PDF of each paper to its contact author. The contact author is asked to check through the final PDF to make sure that no errors have crept in during the transfer or preparation of the files. This should not be seen as an opportunity to update or copyedit the paper, which is not possible due to time constraints. Only errors introduced during the preparation of the files will be corrected. Particular attention should be paid to the references section.

If SPS does not receive a reply from a particular contact author, within the timeframe given (usually 72 hours), then it is presumed that the author has found no errors in the paper. The tight publication schedule of our proceedings series does not allow SPS to send reminders or search for alternative e-mail addresses on the Internet.

In some cases, it is the contact volume editor or the publication chair who checks all of the PDFs. In such cases, the authors are not involved in the checking phase.

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not possible and cannot be processed.

5Online Publication in SpringerLink

All papers are published in our digital library, SpringerLink. Only subscribers to Springer’s eBook packages or to the electronic book series are able to access the full text PDFs of our online publications. Front and back matter, as well as abstracts and references, are freely available for all users.

6Checklist of Items to Be Sent to Volume Editor

?The final source files, incl. any non-standard fonts.

? A final PDF file corresponding exactly to the final source files.

? A copyright form, signed by one author on behalf of all of the authors of the paper. ?The name and e-mail address of the contact author who will check the proof of the paper.

? A suggestion for an abbreviated running head, if appropriate.

?Information about correct representation of authors’ names, where necessary.

9 Contact Us

If you have any further questions regarding the preparation of your paper, then please do not hesitate to get in touch with us.

?For all questions related to our LaTeX style files, your contact person is: Mr. Frank Holzwarth, e-mail: frank.holzwarth@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

?For overall technical questions concerning the preparation of LNCS/LNAI/LNBI papers, please contact Ms. Anna Kramer, e-mail: lncs@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

?For the LNBIP series, please contact Ms. Viktoria Meyer, e-mail: lnbip@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

?For the CCIS series, please contact Ms. Leonie Kunz, e-mail:

ccis@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

?For the LNICST series, please contact Mr. Peter Strasser, e-mail: lnicst@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

?For the IFIP AICT series, please contact Ms. Erika Siebert-Cole, e-mail: ifip@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,.

Springer Author Discount

Authors contributing to any of Springer’s Computer Science proceedings publications are entitled to a 33.3% discount off all Springer products when placing an order through https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,. To make use of this discount, please access the following page: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,/gp/authors-editors/book-authors-editors/springertoken-request-for-springer-authors/4090. You will be requested to give full details of your Springer publication and will be given a so-called SpringerToken. This token is a number that must be entered when placing an order through https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,, in order to obtain the discount.

A Appendix

The appendix should be positioned in front of the references. If it has been placed elsewhere, it will be moved by our typesetters.

References

1.Smith, T.F., Waterman, M.S.: Identification of Common Molecular Subsequences. J. Mol.

Biol. 147, 195–197 (1981)

2.May, P., Ehrlich, H.C., Steinke, T.: ZIB Structure Prediction Pipeline: Composing a Com-

plex Biological Workflow through Web Services. In: Nagel, W.E., Walter, W.V., Lehner, W. (eds.) Euro-Par 2006. LNCS, vol. 4128, pp. 1148–1158. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) 3.Foster, I., Kesselman, C.: The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. Mor-

gan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)

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4.Czajkowski, K., Fitzgerald, S., Foster, I., Kesselman, C.: Grid Information Services for

Distributed Resource Sharing. In: 10th IEEE International Symposium on High Perfor-mance Distributed Computing, pp. 181–184. IEEE Press, New York (2001)

5.Foster, I., Kesselman, C., Nick, J., Tuecke, S.: The Physiology of the Grid: an Open Grid

Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. Technical report, Global Grid Forum (2002)

6.National Center for Biotechnology Information, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,

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重要工作。导学和教学的最大区别就是教师要在“导”字上下功夫:其一是引导学生根据自己的实际情况确定合适的学习目标,指导学生制定学习计划、选择教学媒体,帮助其找到实现目标的最佳途径。其二是指导学生掌握学习的规律,对学生进行辅导,解决学生在学习中的困难,也就是人们常说的“解惑”。它包括单元的总结。重点、难点的讲解等。根据“两课”课程的特点,教师要重点介绍学习方法,激发学生学习的积极性,培养学生的学习兴趣。作为引导者教师要帮助学生制定学习计划,选择达到目标的最佳途径,帮助学生设计恰当的学习方式,以各种方式调动和引导学生参与学习活动,引导学生在经过精心设计的情境中进行探索研究,帮助学生形成良好的学习习惯、掌握学习方法,帮助学生寻找、搜集和利用学习资源等。现代信息技术教育中教师借助于课程教学设计、资源开发、指导学习活动,扮演了设计者、指导者和学习活动参与者的角色。教师角色由传统课堂教学中的主讲人成为学生学习中的导演者。由于学生的个体存在差异,亦即学生的学习能力和学习方法、学习基础和智力水平都存在很大的差别,要完成学习任务,对教学内容要做到熟练掌握,抓住重点、突破难点,没有教师的引导是不可能实现的。教师必须全面考虑学生学习的整个过程和安排有关细节,其重要的内容包括如何运用计算机以及各种媒体和网络来激发学生学习的兴趣,引导学生正确使用和掌握现代信息技术,使学生从网上浏览的信息更有价值。因此导学对学生完成学业是至关重要的。 (二)、“两课”教师不仅要做知识的传播者,还要成为学生学习的鼓舞者、心灵的塑造者。现代信息技术背景下,技术媒体代替了常规的、口头讲授的、以及集体学习为基础的教育模式。为了使学生更好的完成自主学习、自我研究,信心是至关重要的。教师除了要参与设计出以学生为主体的、信息丰富的网络化学

Springer论文格式

Author Guidelines for the Preparation of Contributions to Springer Computer Science Proceedings Alfred Hofmann1,*, Ralf Gerstner1, Anna Kramer1, and Frank Holzwarth2 1 Springer-Verlag, Computer Science Editorial, Heidelberg, Germany {alfred.hofmann,ralf.gerstner,anna.kramer}@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html, 2 Springer-Verlag, Technical Support, Heidelberg, Germany frank.holzwarth@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html, Abstract. The abstract is a mandatory element that should summarize the con- tents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. Ab- stract and keywords are freely available in SpringerLink. Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords here. They should be separated by middots. 1Introduction You will find here Springer’s guidelines for the preparation of proceedings papers to be published in one of the following series, in printed and electronic form: ?Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), incl. its subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), and LNCS Transactions; ?Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP); ?Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS); ?Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Tele-communications Engineering (LNICST); ?IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIP AICT), for-merly known as the IFIP Series; ?Proceedings in Information and Communication Technology (PICT). Your contribution may be prepared in LaTeX or Microsoft Word. Technical Instruc-tions for working with Springer’s style files and templates are provided in separate documents which can be found in the respective zip packages on our website. *No academic titles or descriptions of academic positions should be included in the addresses. The affiliations should consist of the author’s institution, town, and country.

国际会议邀请函

AN INVITATION LETTER Maria Liu Language Center Hong Kong University of Science&Technology Water Bay Kowloon, HongKong Match 19,2013 Professor John Smith English Language Education Center University of Nottingham U,K. Dear Mr. Smith, On behalf of the Board of Directors,I would like to extend you a formal invitation;we would like you to attend the upcoming international conference on foreign language teaching in Hong Kong and to be the opening keynote speaker. The theme of the conference is “New direction in English teaching in China”.There are two branches of this conference , one of them will be held in Language Center in Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, August 10~13,2013,the other one will be held in Zhe Jiang University, August 13~15,2013. For your information, Rachel Green will be the closing keynote speaker .The provisional title of her presentation is “The influence of different culture background on language teaching”.I will forward a co mplete draft of the program to you in a few weeks so that you can know what specific subjects will be covered by the other speakers. We expect the attendance this year to be higher than it has ever been—approximately1000 delegates and 100 speakers. We would be pleased and honored if you would be our opening speaker at the 2013 IFLT conference in Hong Kong. Besides,we would be pleasured to provide you with accommodation and allowance during the meeting. If you have any questions about the conference,please contact the convener Ms. Hilary Zhang at Hilary Zhang@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html, or by telephoning (852)1234567. Yours sincerely, Maria Liu Board of Director

SPRINGER数据库及检索方法介绍

SPRINGER数据库及检索方法介绍 一、数据库简介 Springer是世界著名的科技出版公司,通过Springer LINK系统提供电子期刊和电子图书的在线服务,目前Kluwer出版社已被Springer合并,Kluwer的电子期刊也被收录在Springer LINK系统中。Springer LINK收录电子期刊1300多种,电子图书24200多种。我校订购了其中的2005-2009版权年电子图书(包括图书、丛书、参考工具书)。另外国家科技图书文献中心(NSTL)为全国用户订购了Springer的回溯库,包括960多种期刊和14种丛书,这些期刊和丛书都回溯至第1卷第1期。 具体学科涉及:数学、物理与天文学、化学、生命科学、医学、工程学、计算机科学、环境科学、地球科学、经济学、法律。 二、检索指南 1. 登录 正常进入数据库后,会在左上角显示欢迎,页面的右上部可以选择界面的语言,可供选择的语言有中文简体,中文繁体,英语,德语,韩语。 2. 浏览 在主界面上,Springer提供了分别按内容类型(期刊、图书、丛书等)、学科和特色图书馆进行浏览。每种分类后都有一个数字标记种类的个数。在浏览页面的右侧,可以按出版物名称的起始字母检索或浏览,或按出版年、语言、学科等分类浏览。 内容类型 所有内容类型 (4,663,528) 出版物 (40,268) 期刊 (2,235) 丛书 (1,097) 图书 (36,936) 参考工具书 (164) Protocols (20,273) 特色图书馆

中国在线科学图书馆 (69,181) 俄罗斯在线科学图书馆 (521,871) 进入任一分类以后可以浏览。注意:刊名或书名前有表示可阅读所有全文,表示可阅读部分全文,表示不能阅读全文。 3、检索文章 在右边的Find对话框可以进行检索,点击省略号按钮可以打开组配符号,按Bool运算符组配你的检索式。。点击more options可以到达检索界面。可供组配的字段为All text、Title、Summary、Author、Editor、ISSN、ISBN、DOI。同时可以限定年限,以及对输出结果按相关度或时间进行排序。点击检索结果的题名可以看到文章摘要,点击pdf图标可以下载全文。在导航栏中点击Search,可以到达检索页面。 4、结果处理 检索词在检索结果中会高亮显示,点击“Disablehighlighting”可以清除高亮,点击“PDF”按钮可以下载全文。在检索结果界面右侧可以按学科和作者进行对结果进行精炼。点击文献名后,右下角可以将题录导出为RIS或文本格式。 检索结果界面的右侧有一系列图标,可下载所有结果列表,并按不同格式导出,或者RSS 订阅。 题名点击“Add to marked items”,可以将论文添加到标记列表,稍后可在导航栏中“My menu marked items”中找到该列表。 5、个性化服务 在首页左侧的欢迎界面下,有一个用户注册的按钮“please log in or register”,注册为Springer的个人用户可以使用个性化服务。 点击检索界面的磁盘按钮,可以选择检索历史保存、email、导入RSS阅读器或定制一个Alert,以便可以定时在Email中收到该检索的更新结果。 注册用户的功能: (1)查看订阅刊物 您所有的订阅刊物将被列在这里。请注意这里列出的订阅刊物不包括您所属机构的订阅刊物。关于您所属机构的详情,请选择左上角的认同名单。

标准论文格式+要求+范文(超全)

标准论文格式 一: 1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,言简意赅,引人注目,一般不宜超过20个字。论文摘要和关键词。 2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。 关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句,一般3-5个。 3、目录。既是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,应标注相应页码。 4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。 5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。 6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整,应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解,以及在本领域的意义。 7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 (参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。 参考文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。) 8、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

二:本科毕业论文格式要求: 1、装订顺序:目录--内容提要--正文--参考文献--写作过程情况表--指导教师评议表 参考文献应另起一页。 纸张型号:A4纸。A4 210×297毫米 论文份数:一式三份。 其他(调查报告、学习心得):一律要求打印。 2、论文的封面由学校统一提供。(或听老师的安排) 3、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括“参考文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman字体。 4、字体要求: (1)论文标题2号黑体加粗、居中。 (2)论文副标题小2号字,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。 (3)填写姓名、专业、学号等项目时用3号楷体。 (4)内容提要3号黑体,居中上下各空一行,内容为小4号楷体。 (5)关键词4号黑体,内容为小4号黑体。 (6)目录另起页,3号黑体,内容为小4号仿宋,并列出页码。 (7)正文文字另起页,论文标题用3号黑体,正文文字一般用小4 号宋体,每段首起空两个格,单倍行距。 (8)正文文中标题 一级标题:标题序号为“一、”,4号黑体,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。 二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”与正文字号相同,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。 三级标题:标题序号为“1. ”与正文字号、字体相同。 四级标题:标题序号为“(1)”与正文字号、字体相同。 五级标题:标题序号为“①”与正文字号、字体相同。 (9)注释:4号黑体,内容为5号宋体。

科技论文排版要求

科技论文排版要求 一、书写格式要求: 论文要求主题明确、数据可靠、逻辑严密、文字精炼,其内容包括中英文题名、作者姓名、作者单位、摘要、关键词(不多于5个)、参考文献。 正文(含图、表)中的物理量和计量单位必须符合国家标准和国际标准。 文中图、表应有自明性,且随文出现。图中文字、符号或坐标图中的标目、标值须写清。标目应使用符合国家标准的物理量和单位符号。 二、排版要求 1、页面设置:采用A4纸型纵向排列,页边距上、下为3cm,左右均为2.5cm。 2、字符及段落格式: (1)文章标题三号加粗,居中对齐,段前一行。作者四号,居中对齐,段前段后各0.5行。通信地址小五号字,居中对齐,段后1行。“图书分类号”设置为段后1行。 (2)中文摘要为小五号字、左右缩进两个字符。 (3)英文标题小三号加粗,居中对齐,段前一行。英文作者小四号,居中对齐,段前0.5行。英文通信地址小五号斜体,居中对齐,段后1行。 (4)英文摘要、作者简介、图的编号及图名、表的编号及表名、参考文献均为小五号字。 (5)图、表、公式均为居中对齐。 (6)正文均为宋体五号字,首行缩进2个字符。 (7)中文均采用宋体,西文采用Times New Roman字体。 3、正文各级标题编号。一级标题形如1,2,3,…排序;二级标题形如1.1,1.2,…排序;三级标题形如1.1.1,1.1.2,…排序。一级标题采用“标题1”样式,小四号加粗段前段后各0.5行,左对齐;二级标题采用“标题2”样式,左对齐;三级标题为宋体五号,首行缩进2个字符。 4、参考文献以尾注的方式添加于正文后;英文标题及英文摘要部分置于参考文献之后。 5、在首页脚注处给出第一作者简介(包括姓名、出生年、性别、籍贯、职称,最后学位或在读学历)及基金项目名称与批准号等信息。见样张。 6、将论文设置为两栏。英文摘要为一栏。 7、页眉设置为首页不同,奇偶页不同,见样张。

2021论文格式标准范例

XX论文格式标准范例 一律用国际标准a4型纸(297mm×210mm)打印。 页面分图文区与白边区两部分,所有的文字、图形、其他符号只能出现在图文区内。白边区的尺寸(页边距)为:天头(上)25mm,地脚(下)20mm,订口(左)25mm,翻口(右)20mm。 文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏。 使用规范的简化汉字。除非必要,不使用。忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。 封面由文头、论文标题、 ___、学校、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目组成。 文头:封面顶部居中,占两行。上一行内容为“河南广播电视大学”用小三号宋体;下一行内容为“汉语言文学专业(本科)毕业论文”,3号宋体加粗。文头上下各空一行。 论文标题:2号黑体加粗,文头下居中,上下各空两行。

论文副题:小2号黑体加粗,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。 ___、学校(市级电大)、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目名称用3号黑体,内容用3号楷体,在正副标题下适当居中左对齐依次排列。占行格式为: ___:××× 学校:×××年级:×××学号:××× 指导教师:×××职称:××× 答辩组成员: ×××(主持人) 职称:××× ×××职称:××× …… 答辩日期:×年×月×日

申请学位:学士(不申请可省略此项) 由于论文副题可有可无,学位可申请可不申请,答辩组成员可以是3、5、7人,封面内容占行具有不确定性,为保持封面的整体美观,可对行距做适当调整。 论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、 ___姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、 ___、附录等项目组成。 需要列目录的论文,目录要独占一页。“目录”二字用3号黑体,顶部居中;以下列出论文正文的一、二级标题及 ___、附录等项及其对应页码。用小4号宋体。 论文题目用3号黑体,顶部居中排列,上下各空一行; ___姓名:题目 ___居中,用四号楷体。 完成时间: ___姓名 ___居中,字样为“x年x月”,用四号楷体。

科技论文规范格式要求

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Springer template

Rapid Identification of Waste Cooking Oil with Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Support Vector Machine Xiong Shen1,a, Xiao Zheng1,b, Zhiqiang Song1,c, Dongping He2,d, Peishi Qi3,e 1Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,China; 2Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;3PASHUN GROUP, Wuhan 430023,China a sx198711@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,, b zhengxiao@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,, c327463922@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,, d hedp123456@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html,, e qps@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/123116638.html, Abstract. The qualitative model for rapidly discriminating the waste oil and four normal edible vegetable oils is developed using near infrared spectroscopy combined with support vector machine (SVM). Principal component analysis (PCA) has been carried out on the base of the combination of spectral pretreatment of vector normalization, first derivation and nine point smoothing, and seven principal components are selected. The radial basis function (RBF) is used as the kernel function; the penalty parameter C and kernel function parameter γare optimized by K-fold Cross Validation (K-CV), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), respectively. The result shows that the best classification model is developed by GA optimization when the parameters C = 911.33, γ= 2.91. The recognition rate of the model for 208 samples in training set and 85 samples in prediction set is 100% and 90.59%, respectively. By comparison with K-means and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), the result indicates that the SVM recognition rate is higher, well generalization, can quickly and accurately identify the waste cooking oil and normal edible vegetable oils. Keywords: near infrared spectroscopy, waste cooking oil, support vector machine, parameters optimization 1 Introduction Catering waste oils include drainage oil (in narrow sense), hogwash fat (waste cooking oil) and fried old oil. After pickling, washing, decoloration, deodorization and other processing, the catering waste oils often close to or completely achieve the national Hygienic Standard of Edible Vegetable Oil in sensory index and conventional typical properties, which consumers and government supervisors are difficult to identify by the sense of the sights and smell. At present, a complete set of testing technology standard of identification of the catering waste oil hasn’t been established domestically or abroad. The Ministry of Health is requesting proposals for proposals from the public. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) technology is a nondestructive testing technique rapidly developed in recent years [1]. The domestic

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