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翻译训练材料_专八训练

翻译训练材料_专八训练
翻译训练材料_专八训练

主题: 中国文化

一.典型句段翻译

(1)中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家, 从历史文化来了解和认识中国, 是一个重要的视角。

China is a country with five-thousand years’ civilization. Therefore it is very important to approach China from a historical and culture perspective.

(2)明清两个朝代,封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策, 阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Feudal ruler adopted a policy of seclusion, which consequently hampered China’s progress and exchange with the worldwide.

(3)中国拥有广大的市场和发展需求,日本拥有先进的科学技术和巨大的物质力量, 两国之间有着很强的经济互补性。

China boasts huge market and great demand for development, while Japan owns advanced technology and science as well as enormous material strength, hence the two countries are greatly complementary to each other economically

⑷一个繁荣、富强的中国, 一个稳定的中国比一个动乱的、贫穷的、落后的中国要对无论美国也好、无论对亚太地区也好、无论对世界也好, 是有好处的、是有益的。这个应该说是积极的。

A prosperous, powerful and stable China is better to the United States, Asia-Pacific, and the world than a turbulent, poor, and backward China. So it’s quite positive.

(5)在新的一年里, 我们要充满希望, 我们要多干实事, 我们要为公司的发展添砖加瓦。

In this New Year, we must keep a hopeful mind and take practical action. By doing so, we should contribute our bits to our corporate’s development.

(6)我们引进了九台设备,一共150万元, 拿到工厂一放就是两年, 用都没用过。

We have imported 9 machines, which cost us 1,500,000 RMB. However they were installed in the factory two years ago, and remain unused ever since.

(7)那里有一堆书, 你爱看哪本就挑哪本。

There are a heap of books, you can choose whichever you like to read.

(8)我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局, 要善解决分歧, 不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。

We should firmly hold the overall interests of Sino-US relations and Settle our differences properly, so as to reach the goal of promoting mutual understanding, broaden common ground, developing corporation and building a future together

(9)我们应该相互尊重,相互学习, 取长补短, 共同进步。

We should respect e and learn from each other, so as to dra w upon each other’s strong points and offset each other’s weakness for achieving commonly progress.

二.一句多译讲解

(1)神农追赶野兔而累出一身汗,口干舌燥,尝了一口泛黄的开水,顿时口舌生津,精神一振。

Emperor Shennong was sweaty and thirty after chasing the hare. Then he took a sip of the yellowish boiled water, only to find it’s tasty and refresh him immediately.

(2)中国人喜欢在闲暇时择雅静之处,泡一壶茶,自斟自饮,藉以消除疲劳、陶冶性情、振奋精神。

(3)茶本身存在着一种从形式到内容,从物质到精神,从人与物的直接关系到成为人际关系的媒介,逐渐形成传统东方文化中的一朵奇葩——中国茶文化。

(4)书法蘸墨即成,无法再三修改。优秀的书者须对字形结构、墨迹淡浓、持笔力度、纸张吸力等了然于胸,书写

(5)因此,书者要有规划、熟章法,达到思与行、智力与体力的统一,这样运笔的时候才能脑、眼、心、手齐动,行云流水,一气呵成。

(6)构成人物的笔画与汉字的“京”十分相像,用优美的中国传统书法的独特字体完成,它代表主办城市——中国的首都北京。

(7)奥运会会徽这一例子体现了古老的书法文化在从实用层面上升到审美的层面的当代社会意义。

讲解

(1)此句是通过语序的手段来体现汉语句子意合的特点。句子其实是一连串事情的描述,但是完全没有用到连词。在翻译成英文的时候,我们要先理清各小句之间的关系,然后补充相应的连接词来体现英语的形合。

译文一:

分段切块,连接前后,组成一句。

神农追赶野兔而累出一身汗(A),口干舌燥(B),尝了一口泛黄的开水(C),顿时口舌生津,精神一振。(D)A: After chasing the hare, Emperor Shennong was soaked in sweat and

B: thirsty so

C: he sampled a mouthful of the yellowish boiled water, which

D: was tasty and refreshed him immediately.

译文中的黑体部分是介词和连词。这两类词是英语形合的体现, 翻译的时候需要把这些词语补上, 这样句子才能连起来。

译文二:

分成小句, 弄清关系, 组成数句。

神农追赶野兔而累出一身汗, 口干舌燥(A), 尝了一口泛黄的开水, 顿时口舌生津, 精神一振。(B)

A: Emperor Shennong was soaked in sweat and thirsty after he had run after the hare.

B: He could not help but to sip from the yellowish boiled water, only to find that the thirst was quenched and he was refreshed.

这种方式的翻译仍需要运用连接词和词组来体现形合的特点, 但与译文一不同的地方在于单句的长度。一般而言,译文一比较接近原文的顺序, 没有打乱原语序, 减少了处理难度。而译文二则需要更多的精力来安排小句的各组成部分, 但好处是便于把握信息, 不会像译文一那样因句式结构略显复杂而产生干扰。

(2)汉语虽然是意合的语言, 但并不表示汉语里面没有使用形合的手段。译员要善于从汉语的一些关系词来挖掘小句之间的联系。请注意下面加粗体的词语或词组以及下文的分析。

中国人喜欢在闲暇时(A)择雅静之处, 泡一壶茶, 自斟自饮(B),籍以消除疲劳、陶冶心情、振奋精神。(C)

A是一个表示时间地点的状语, B是表示具体行动, C是该行动的三个目的。根据上面分析的关系, 我们翻译时仍然有两种方式可选。

译文一:

顺其关系, 一一对译。

When Chinese people are free, they will pick a quiet and comfortable place and brew a pot of tea for self-enjoyment so that they can eliminate the fatigue, cultivate a good mood and get refreshed.

译文二:

破其关系,分句处理。

Chinese people would like to pick a quiet and comfortable place and brew themselves a pot of tea, if time allows. This enjoyable practice will ease them from fatigue, uplift the spirit and by large induce a good mood.

(3)这句话的内容多, 关系难以马上弄清楚, 也是汉语意合的又一例子。因此我们要理清楚各信息点之间的联系。

茶本身存在着一种(A)从形式到内容(B), 从物质到精神(C), 从人与物的直接关系到成为人际关系(D)的媒介, 逐渐形成传统东方文化的一朵奇葩——中国茶文化(E)。

(A)是由(B)(C)(D)三个部分组成的。于是有:

译文一:

Chinese tea culture is an exotic embodiment, flourishing in the traditional oriental cultures. It serves as the intermediary, bridging the form and the content, the material and the spirit, people-to-material relation and interpersonal relations.

若是按原文顺序来翻译,那么就要把原来的句子切分成几个分句来处理。

译文二:

Tea in itself embodies the development from form to content, from material to spirit, form people-to-material relation to interpersonal relation. Such intermediary function distinguishes tea culture as exotic in the traditional oriental cultures.

(4)这是由两个句子组成的一个意群, 其中没有使用任何一个连接词, 充分体现了中文句子意合的特点。在看原文的时候, 必须迅速分析并记录各部分之间的关系。其关系可以补充如下:

(因为)书法蘸墨即成,无法再三修改。(所以)优秀的书者须对字形结构、墨迹淡浓、持笔力度、纸张吸力等了然于胸, (如果)书写过程中稍有迟疑, 就会在纸上留下黑点, (那么)整个书写的版面就顷刻遭破坏。

弄清楚各语块之间的关系, 翻译的时候就可以按照前文所说的两种方法来翻译。

译文一:

顺其关系, 一一对译。

As calligraphy is instantaneously formed and of no possibility of modification, excellent calligraphers must have a clear idea of the structure of the character, the intensity of ink, the strength of grasping brush and the absorptiveness of paper. Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, which will be detrimental to the integrity of the layout.

译文二:

破其关系, 分句处理。

Calligraphers are usually required of a clear understanding of the structure of the character, the intensity of ink, the strength of grasping brush and the absorptiveness of paper, because calligraphy is an art of spontaneity and subject to no modification. The holistic layout of the calligraphy will be immediately damaged if the calligraphers hesitate and leave a black spot in the paper.

(5)本句体现汉语意合的特征有两处: 对偶和四字格。这种紧缩和对照的手段使汉语不需要运用连词等手段来实现意思的连接。在翻译的时候需要把相同结构的部分归纳成一个意层, 如:

因此,书者要有规划、熟章法(A),达到思与行、智力与体力的统一(B),这样运笔的时候才能脑、眼、心、手齐动(C),行云流水,一气呵成(D)。

这样处理后,我们就可以进行适当的切分,把原文的一整个长句切成两句(译文一)或四句(译文二)。

译文一:

As a result, calligraphers should have a plan and discipline in mind in order to reach the balance between thoughts and actions, mentality and behaviors. Given this, the brain, the eyes, the heart and the hands will be coordinated when the brush is held across the paper, thus accomplishing a piece of work with agility and at a heat.

译文二:

Therefore, calligraphers must plan and master the procedures beforehand. This will equip the calligraphers with a balance between thoughts and actions, mentality and behaviors. Such being the case, the brain, the eyes, the heart and the hands will be coordinated when the brush is held across the paper. The entire process of brush writing will be speedy and agile and will bring the complementation of the works at one go.

(6)这句话其实谈了两样东西:一是人物笔画,二是汉字“京”。因此这句话可以理解为:构成任务的笔画与汉字“京”十分相像,(该笔画)用优美的中国传统书法的独特字体完成,它(汉字“京”)代表主办城市——中国的首都北京。在翻译成英文的时候,可以利用英文形合的特点,用分词或定语从句的形式把后面的两部分信息镶嵌在前面的主句中。

译文一:

represents the name of the host city —Beijing, the capital city of China.

若一定要按照原文的顺序,那么我们可以采取分句的形式,把原文中一句话断成三句。

译文二:

The strokes constituting the figure bear resemblance with the Chinese character “Jing”. Those strokes are rendered in graceful Chinese calligraphy of a unique style. The character “Jing” actually stands for the name of the host city, Beijing, also the capital city of China.

三.主题翻译练习

1. 中国是一个古老而又文明的国家,有悠久的历史、灿烂的文化、壮丽的山河。在中国的国土上,自然与地理环境多姿多彩,东西南北风光迥异,良好的地理环境造就了无数的天然名胜。漫长的历史,为中华民族留下了丰厚而珍贵的文化遗产和自然遗产,它不仅属于中华民族,也是全人类的宝贵财富。目前这些文化和自然遗产正日益受到破坏的威胁,主要是因为年代久远所致,同时也有些人为因素。这些都应该引起我们的高度重视。

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2. 对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中,龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

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3. 对于中国人来说,农历新年无疑是全年最重要的喜庆节日。它代表着旧的一年平安过去了,人们准备迎接新的一年。人们通常如何庆祝新年?首先,多代同堂的家庭成员,齐聚家中享受一顿丰盛的团圆饭。除夕夜的团圆饭是整个年头里最具意义的一餐。团圆饭显示了家庭的重要地位。其次,亲戚朋友之间也会兴高采烈互访。这样的欢庆方式,有助于加强亲情和友情。新年价值观,是对家庭和亲属关系的重视,包括对父母和长者的尊敬。没有了这些观念,新年将沦为一个毫无意义的商业化节日。

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4. 万里长城据称是唯一可以从月球上望见的地球建筑物,人们可以从位于北京西北75公里以外的八达岭区直接观望到蜿蜒连绵的万里长城。长城始建于战国时期,以防御北方外族人入侵.统一中国的秦始皇动用了无数人建成了今天的中国长城。

历史见证。万里长城雄伟壮观。古代中国人在没有机械的条件下用双手修建了这样伟大的建筑真是了不起。

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5. 武术在此国源远流长,是中华民族的瑰宝。同时,也正逐渐传播到世界,成为人类的共同财富。为了正好的推广武术,使武术与奥运项目接轨,中国武协和国际武联做了大量艰苦卓绝的工作。今天,武术的蓬勃发展,除得益于其项目本身的吸引力外,早期移居海外的一代武术大师们的努力也功不可没。在新的时期,竞技武术在传统武术的基础上发展起来了,从而为武术的普及与提高提供了一个新的舞台。

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6. 要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种,京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至1860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴秦乐器。由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的,它不仅为北京观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱。

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7. 北京有无数的“胡同”胡同的意思是小巷子。平民百姓生活在那儿,给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。//北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。它反映了社会的变迁兴衰。通常,胡同内的一个大杂院,也叫做四合院,平均要住4到10家20余口人。所以,住在胡同里会感到友善和人情味儿。//如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,不少旧的胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代.但愿,胡同可以保留下来.

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8. 丝绸之路可以追溯到公元前二世纪,当时一名中国使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于今日的西安,一路穿越河西走廊、塔里木盆地、以及西亚港国,最后抵达地中海的东岸,全程7千公里。中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。同时,也从国外给我们引进了佛教、伊斯兰教,以及葡萄、玻璃、香水等产品。因为著名的中国丝绸是沿着这条道进入西方国家的,所以欧洲学者将此道称作为“丝绸之路”。

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9. 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括:1)擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗,寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说,“更岁交子”吃饺子,更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

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10. 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论,针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血,来达到阴阳归于平衡,使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位,或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位,以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势,流传至今并传播到了世界,与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

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11. 中国人每天都在使用筷子。虽然筷子起源于中国,但现在很多的亚洲国家都在使用。最早的筷子是用骨头和玉制成的。在春秋时代又出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。在古代,富人家用玉筷子或金筷子以显示其家庭的富有。许多帝王用银制的筷子以检查他们的食物中是否被人投了毒。筷子在传统上是被当作新娘的嫁妆的,因为“筷子”在汉语中读作“kuaizi”,听起来很像“快得儿子”。许多外国朋友在访问中国的时候都使用筷子。甚至是美国前总统尼克松在为其到来而举办的欢迎宴会上也使用了筷子。他刚一离开桌子,一名国外的外交人员就抓起了他的筷子,把它作为了具有历史意义的纪念品。

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12. 在这明月当空的中秋之夜,我很高兴能应邀出席贵公司的庆祝晚宴,同各位一起度过一个轻松、难忘的夜晚。我们平时忙于各自的工作,几乎没有时间坐下来交谈。我希望这次晚会可以让我们无所拘束地相互沟通,增进友谊。在这个高度竞争的时代,人际关系越来越紧张,似乎缺少了传统意义上的那种人间温暖的关怀。我国的中秋节不仅给人们提供了团聚的机会,其意义还包含了关怀、融洽和奉献。我为有幸参加这次中秋聚会,再次表示感谢。

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13. 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术,是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然,宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林,能充分领略“假自然之景,创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中,中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富,被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

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14. 罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术, 是中国古代四大发明, 这是中国成为这古老文明的国家,占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。中国古代四大发明,在人类科学和文化史上留下了一个辉煌篇章。这些伟大的发明曾经影响并有利于整个世界,推动了人类历史的前进。

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15.中国人饮茶,注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣,也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶,择雅静之处,自斟自饮,可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神,也可以细啜慢饮,达到美的享受,使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名,山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间,搭设茶室,让人们小憩,意趣盎然。______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. 笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝,被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔;汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨;有了纸张以后,简牍锦帛逐失其用;砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

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17. 江西景德镇陶瓷,是中华民族文化艺术宝库中辉煌的明珠。他近二千年来的悠久而灿烂的历史进程,给后世留下了精湛绝伦的技艺,也造就了历代数不清的艺术匠师。在长期的发展过程中,景德镇的技艺人员,奋发努力,刻意求新,创作了许多好作品,使景德镇瓷器形成了自己独特的风格。

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18.公元前551年,在今天的山东省曲阜诞生了中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子。孔子是第一位私人讲学的人,他通过办学,推广教育,宣传自己的政治主张。在去世后,他的学生收集整理了许多有关孔子言论和行动的材料,编写成了一部经典著作《论语》。孔子和他的学生形成一个学派,称为“儒家学派”。这个学派对中国几千年的封建社会影响极大。

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19.故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿,又称紫禁城。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

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20. 中国对外开放是长期的。中国实行对外开放,是十几亿人民得到了实惠,我们的路子走对了。中国的对外开放是全方面的。我们不仅对发达国家开放,也对发展中国家开放。我们既有经济领域的开放,又有科技、教育、文化等领域的开放。中国的对外开放是互利的,所以理所当然要向世界开放,与其他国家经济相互依存。我们认为,只有双赢互利的开放才能持久,才能有利于各国人民的根本利益,促进世界和平与繁荣。

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