TEM4_核心词用法

apt adj.

1apt

An apt remark, description, or choice is especially suitable.

The words of this report are as apt today as in 1929.

...an apt description of the situation.

aptly

...the beach in the aptly named town of Oceanside.

2apt

If someone is apt to do something, they often do it and so it is likely that they will do it again.

She was apt to raise her voice and wave her hands about.

This type of weather is apt to be more common in winter.

= liable

ascend反义词：descend 动词变体ascends ascending ascended 1vt.

If you ascend a hill or staircase, you go up it. (WRITTEN)

2vi.

If a staircase or path ascends, it leads up to a higher position. (WRITTEN) ...an ascending spiral path leading to a tower.

3v.

If someone ascends to an important position, they achieve it or are appointed to it. When someone ascends a throne, they become king, queen, or pope. (FORMAL) ...the same year he ascended to power...

Before ascending to the bench, she was a lawyer in a large New York firm.

They move freely from one department to another as they ascend the civil service ladder.

...the belief that the souls of the faithful and virtuous would ascend to heaven.

4 vi.

If something or someone ascends to a higher level, they reach a state that is better than the one they were in before. (LITERARY)

The story ascends from a gothic tragedy to a miraculous fairy-tale.

excel vi. excel excels excelling excelled

If someone excels in something or excels at it, they are very good at doing it.

Caine has always been an actor who excels in irony.

Mary was a better rider than either of them and she excelled at outdoor sports.

Academically he began to excel.

I think Krishnan excelled himself in all departments of his game.

exclude vt.

1If you exclude someone from a place or activity, you prevent them from

entering it or taking part in it.

The Academy excluded women from its classes.

The army should be excluded from political life.

Many of the youngsters feel excluded.

2 If you exclude something that has some connection with what you are doing, you deliberately do not use it or consider it.

They eat only plant foods, and take care to exclude animal products from other areas of their lives.

In some schools, Christmas carols are being modified to exclude any reference to Christ.

3 To exclude something such as the sun's rays or harmful germs means to prevent them physically from reaching or entering a particular place.

This was intended to exclude the direct rays of the sun. (= keep out)

exile

1N-UNCOUNT .

If someone is living in exile, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.

He is now living in exile in Egypt.

He returned from exile earlier this year.

During his exile, he also began writing books.

2vt.

If someone is exiled, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.

They threatened to exile her in southern Spain.

...Haiti's exiled president.

3N-COUNT.

An exile is someone who has been exiled.

4If you say that someone has been exiled from a particular place or situation, you mean that they have been sent away from it or removed from it against their will.

He has been exiled from the first team and forced to play in third team matches.

Michael was exiled to the kitchen for supper.

(usu passive = banish)

expose vt.

1To expose something that is usually hidden means to uncover it so that it can be seen.

Lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering Sea.

the exposed brickwork.

2To expose a person or situation means to reveal that they are bad or immoral in some way.

The Budget does expose the lies ministers were telling a year ago.

After the scandal was exposed, Dr Bailey committed suicide.

3If someone is exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them.

A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest possibility of danger.

...people exposed to high levels of radiation.

4If someone is exposed to an idea or feeling, usually a new one, they are given experience of it, or introduced to it.

...local people who've not been exposed to glimpses of Western life before...

These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.

favourable

1 When the meaning of favorable is "feeling or expressing support or approval," to is used:

stengthened the hand of those favorable to the council

Several... generals were mentioned as favorable to the scheme

2for is the usual when favorable means "suitable":

... the university structure is more favorable for accurate evaluation of societal problems

... to select those most favorable for hybridization

3 Both to and for are used when favorable means "advantageous." To is more common:

... constructive acts favorable to the status of the Negro

... the reform was favorable for wage earners but the opposite for pensioners

fiery

1fiery = flaming

If you describe something as fiery, you mean that it is burning strongly or contains fire. (LITERARY)

A helicopter crashed in a fiery explosion in Hawaii.

2You can use fiery for emphasis when you are referring to bright colours such as red or orange. (LITERARY)

A large terracotta pot planted with Busy Lizzie provides a fiery bright red display.

3fiery= spicy

If you describe food or drink as fiery, you mean that it has a very strong hot or spicy taste. (WRITTEN)

A fiery combination of chicken, chillies and rice.

4If you describe someone as fiery, you mean that they express very strong emotions, especially anger, in their behaviour or speech. (WRITTEN)

She was a fiery, brilliant and unyielding intellectual and politician.

She had a fiery temper and liked to get her own way.

rejoice

If you rejoice, you are very pleased about something and you show it in your behaviour.

Garbo plays the Queen, rejoicing in the love she has found with Antonio.

A Foreign Ministry statement said that the French government rejoiced at the happy outcome to events.

Party activists in New Hampshire rejoiced that the presidential campaign had finally started.

rejoicing N-UNCOUNT

There was general rejoicing at the news.

renounce= give up vt.

1If you renounce a belief or a way of behaving, you decide and declare publicly that you no longer have that belief or will no longer behave in that way.

After a period of imprisonment she renounced terrorism.

2If you renounce a claim, rank, or title, you officially give it up.

He renounced his claim to the French throne.

比较：

denounce vt.

1 If you denounce a person or an action, you criticize them severely and publicly because you feel strongly that they are wrong or evil.

The letter called for trade union freedom and civil rights, but did not openly denounce the regime.

Some 25,000 demonstrators denounced him as a traitor.

2If you denounce someone who has broken a rule or law, you report them to the authorities.

They were at the mercy of informers（告密者，告发者，通知者）who might at any moment denounce them.

resolve

1= sort out, solve

To resolve a problem, argument, or difficulty means to find a solution to it. (FORMAL)

We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.

They hoped the crisis could be resolved peacefully.

2If you resolve to do something, you make a firm decision to do it. (FORMAL)

She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager.

She resolved that, if Mimi forgot this promise, she would remind her.

3= determination (FORMAL)

So you're saying this will strengthen the American public's resolve to go to war if necessary?

4If you resolve something into a clearer form, or if it resolves into a clearer

form, its shape or the different parts it contains become clear. (FORMAL) ...like a musician resolving a confused mass of sound into melodic or harmonic order...

Each of the spirals of light resolved into points.

restrain vt.

1If you restrain someone, you stop them from doing what they intended or wanted to do, usually by using your physical strength.

Wally gripped my arm, partly to restrain me and partly to reassure me.

One onlooker had to be restrained by police.

2If you restrain an emotion or you restrain yourself from doing something, you prevent yourself from showing that emotion or doing what you wanted or intended to do.

She was unable to restrain her desperate anger.

Gladys wanted to ask, `Aren't you angry with him?' But she restrained herself from doing so.

3To restrain something that is growing or increasing means to prevent it from getting too large. = curb, check

The radical 500-day plan was very clear on how it intended to try to restrain inflation.

retain

1To retain something means to continue to have that thing. (FORMAL)

= keep

The interior of the shop still retains a nineteenth-century atmosphere.

Other countries retained their traditional and habitual ways of doing things.

If left covered in a warm place, this rice will retain its heat for a good hour.

2If you retain a lawyer, you pay him or her a fee to make sure that he or she will represent you when your case comes before the court. (LEGAL)

He decided to retain him for the trial.

retreat

1If you retreat, you move away from something or someone.

`I've already got a job,' I said quickly, and retreated from the room.

2When an army retreats, it moves away from enemy forces in order to avoid fighting them.

The French, suddenly outnumbered, were forced to retreat.

Retreating soldiers were dousing homes and shops with petrol and setting them on fire.

Also a noun.

In June 1942, the British 8th Army was in full retreat.

3If you retreat from something such as a plan or a way of life, you give it up, usually in order to do something safer or less extreme.

From bouncing confidence she had retreated into self-pity.

Also a noun.

The President's remarks appear to signal that there will be no retreat from his position.

4 A retreat is a quiet, isolated place that you go to in order to rest or to do things in private.

He spent yesterday hidden away in his country retreat.

5If you beat a retreat, you leave a place quickly in order to avoid an embarrassing or dangerous situation.

Tom decided it was time to beat a hasty retreat.

revenge

1N-UNCOUNT: oft N on/for/against n

The attackers were said to be taking revenge on the 14-year-old, claiming he was a school bully.

The killings were said to have been in revenge for the murder of her lover.

2If you revenge yourself on someone who has hurt you, you hurt them in return. (WRITTEN)

Birmingham's Sunday Mercury accused her of trying to revenge herself on her former lover.

She would be killed by the relatives of murdered villagers wanting to revenge the dead. = avenge

比较：

avenge

If you avenge a wrong or harmful act, you hurt or punish the person who is responsible for it.

He has devoted the past five years to avenging his daughter's death.

She had decided to avenge herself and all the other women he had abused.