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英语语法名词

1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.

A. roofs, leafs

B. roofs, leaves

C. rooves, leafs

D. rooves, leaves

2. There are three ____ in our factory.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctors

C. woman doctor

D. women doctor

3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?

A. potatos, tomatos

B. potatos, tomatoes

C. potatoes, tomatos

D. potatoes, tomatoes

4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.

A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s

B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s

C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’

D. editors-in-chief ,editors-in-chief’s

5. The ant has two ____.

A.stomaches

B. stomacks

C. stomach D stomach s

6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper.

A. chick

B.chicken

C. chickens

D. chicks

7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.

A. so

B.such

C. so as

D. such a

8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!

A. How

B. How a

C.what

D. What a

9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.

A.sound

B. sounds

C. the sounds

D. a sound

10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.

A.cattle,cows

B. cows, cattle

C. cattles, cows

D. cow, cattles

语法一名词

一、名词的分类

二、名词的数

三、名词的所有格

四、名词的普通格

一、名词的分类

A、英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有名称，它的第一个字母必须大写,如Beijing, Asia等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念

的名称，可分为：

a.个体名词（如：worker, father, book, tree, school等）；

b.集体名词（如：people, family, class, team等）；

c.物质名词（如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等）；

d.抽象名词（如：life, thought, idea, strength等

B、名词的另一种分类：可数名词和不可数名词

个体名词、集体名词一般是可数名词，物质名词、抽象名词一般是不可数名词可数名词有单复数形式（book_books,child_children），不可数名词只有单数形式（steel，news，knowledge）

有少数名词既可用作不可数名词也可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同如: 用作不可数名词用作可数名词

Air 空气神态、样子

Beauty 美、美丽美人、美好的东西

Success 成功成功之事（人）

1、不可数名词可与some，the连用，可说some water，some money，the information

2、“单位名词”(英语量词)与of一起和不可数名词搭配,是这些名词所表示的事物具有个体性。

如:a piece of advice(一条意见)；a drop of water(一滴水)；a cup of tea（一杯茶）

英语量词加修饰词的表达：

An important piece of information一份重要的情报

Five pieces of chalk五支粉笔

Bits of broken glass几块碎玻璃

注意：不可数名词不能以个体计数，一般不可以用泛指限定词和数词

如：不可以说 a furniture

二、名词的数

名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。

1、可数名词单数变复数：

①一般加s ：lesson →lessons, pen →pens

②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, potato →potatoes但有些以o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo →kilos, piano →pianos, radio →radios, photo →photos, zoo →zoos

（注：当ch发音为[k]时，加-s即可。如stomach,胃）

③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i，再加es：city →cities, story →stories

④以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es：knife →knives, leaf →leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief →beliefs, roof →roofs, safe（保险箱）→safes, proof（证据）→proofs, chief →chiefs, handkerchief →handkerchiefs

口诀：妻子拿刀去杀狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光

2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：

①单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese,deer, sheep

②不规则变化：man →men, goose →geese

mouse →mice, ox →oxen ，

medium→media，analysis→analyses

phenomenon→phenomena

但是，German →Germans

③复合名词的复数形式：

a、与介词或副词构成的合成名词，将主体名词，即第一个词变成复数，如：

editor-in-chief →editors-in- chief

b、主体名词在合成词的词尾，将最后一个词变成复数。Boy friend →Boy friends

c、合成名词中没有一个较为明确的主体名词，一般

将最后一个词变为复数，如：

Go-between(媒人)→Go-betweens

d、由man,woman组成的名词，两部分名词都要变为复数形式，如：

man driver →men drivers

e、缩略词、首字母缩略词的复数形式，在词尾加上s，如：VIP→VIPs

3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题

①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，fruits各种水果，steels各种钢材

②由两个相同的部分组成，通常以“s”结尾的物体名词用于复数形式，常用的有：chopsticks，gloves(手套)，scales（天平），slippers（拖鞋）

注：这类名词前如用了“a pair of，the pair of，this pair of”来修饰，动词的单复数形式取决于“pair”的单复数形式

如A pair of glasses is necessary for me.

Here are some new pairs of shoes

③“-ing”结尾的名词加s用于复数形式的如：sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)takings(收入) winnings(奖金）

④有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。

如：work（工作）→works（著作），arm（手臂）→arms（军火），cloth（布）→clothes（衣服）。

⑤定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓…的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。

⑥只用作单数的复数形式的名词。（以“s”结尾的表示国名、书名、组织、学科、专业或疾病等意义的词）如：news, the United States, mathematics，measles（麻疹）

⑦只做单数意义的集合名词，如：Baggage，clothing，furniture，information，stationary（文具），machinery，merchandise（商品）

⑧只做复数意义的集合名词，常用的有：police, people, cattle，folk，mankind，youth 注意：有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集

体的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class, family, couple, audience, government,public，committee（委员会），crowd，army

⑨有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。

如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；

It is a great pleasure to talk with you.；What a surprise!

三、名词的所有格

名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用

A. “‘s”所有格

1、表示有生命名词的所有格

如：Tom’s bike Women’s Day the editor-in-chief’s office

2、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、工业、科技、交通、天体和指人的不定代词等无生命名词

如：China’s food production，today’s papers，

ten minutes’walk ，the earth’s surface

3、以s结尾的可数名词，只在s后加“’”，如：the teachers‘reading room，以s结尾的专有名词，可在s后加“’s”也可只加“’”,如：Dickens'/Dickens's novels

4、合成名词的所有格加在最后一个词后，如：commander-in-chief’s house

5、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”

如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”

如：Tom and Mike’s room（共有）

Tom’s and Mike’s books（不共有）

6、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。

如：the tailor’s

B.of所有格

1、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of the room

2、其修饰作用的名词有后置修饰语或定语从句时，多用of

所有格，如：Do you know the name of the girl over there?

C . 双重所有格：“-?s”所有格和of所有格构成的短语成为双重所有格。

1、用作of宾语的所有格名词必须是特指的，一般只表人。如：：

an old friend of my uncle’s

A play of Shakspeakres'(莎士比亚的一部戏剧)

2、双重所有格所修饰的名词前可用a，two，any，some，no，

this，that，these，those等修饰词。但是不可用

one或the修饰。

如：an old acquaintance of our…s（我们的老相识）

some relatives of Mr.White…s

3、"of"后的名词所有格可由名词性物主代词替代

如：An idea of theirs Those shoes of his

4、部分双重所有格与"of"所有格所表示的意义的区别

He is a friend of my father's (侧重父亲的朋友不止一个)

He is a friend of my father (侧重他和父亲的关系)

四、名词的普通格作定语

一、表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。

e.g：stone figures 石像paper money 纸币

country music 乡村音乐table cloth 桌布

river bank 河岸school gate 校门口

但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。

e.g：sports meet 运动会

the United Statesgovernment 美国政府

students reading-room 学生阅览室

练习题

11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.

A. have gathered

B. has gathered

C. is

D. was

12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.

A. deal

B. amount

C. number

D. size

13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.

A. Many

B. A great many

C. A great deal of

D. A number of

14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.

A. hand

B. a hand

C. hands

D. the hands

15. Two ____, please.

A. coffee

B. coffees

C. cup of coffee

D. cups coffee

16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.

A. high price a

B. high price

C.a high price

D. high a price

17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.

A. Man’s

B. Men’s

C. Mens’

D. Person’s

18.I stayed at ____.

A. Xiao Wang’s

B. Wang’s home

C. the Wangs

D. home of Wang

19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.

A. shoes

B. shoses

C. shoe

D. shoe’s

20. Have you ever read ____?

A. today newspaper

B. newspaper today

C. newspaper of today

D.today’s newspaper

26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.

A. walk

B. ride

C. trip

D. travel

27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.

A. information

B. news

C. message

D. flash

28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.

A. cloth

B. clothe

C. clothes

D. clothing

29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.

A. strength

B. sense

C. power

D. skill

30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.

A. incident, was happened

B. matter, happened

C. event, was taken place

D. accident, took place

31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.

A. beating

B. ways

C. knocking

D. striking

32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.

A. The public

B. People

C. Women

D. Man

33. He was an ____ in the government ____.

A. office, official

B. official, office

C. officer, office

D. official, officer

34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.

A. character, character

B. characters, characters

C. character, characters

D. characters, character

35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.

A. every other days

B. each other day

C. every other day

D. every two day

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

初中英语语法知识—名词的单元汇编及解析

一、选择题 1．—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly. A．some advices B．any advices C．some advice D．advices 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’3．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 6．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jerry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 7．—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join? —He can join the ______ club. A．sport B．music C．sports D．swimming 8．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 9．Here_______some of the results. Most students think_______are cheaper than cars. A．is; the bike B．are; bikes C．are; the bike D．is; bikes 10．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 11．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.

常用英语语法-日常

一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果

英语语法名词归纳总结

英语语法名词归纳总结一、单项选择名词 1．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。 2．Violent programs on television may have a bad on children. A．injury B．pressure C．impression D．influence 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对------有影响”。故选D。 3．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. trend趋势；D. challenge 挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。 4．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth． A．response B．offence C．commitment D．reaction

2018高考英语语法专题名词

专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中

英语语法术语

常见的语法术语摘要 1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词 pronoun 2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词 interjection 3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compound sentences 4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences 5.陈述句declarative sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences 6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences 7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences 8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymous sentences 9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis 10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences 11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptive sentences of people 12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment 14.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs 15.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement 16.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb 17.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb 18.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast 19.原因cause 结果effect 20.动词时态verb tenses 21.一般现在时simple present (tense) 22.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future (tense) 23.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect (tense) 24.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect (tense) 25.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时past continuous (tense) 26.将来进行时future continuous (tense) 27.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense) 28.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause 29.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 30.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 31.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause 32.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 33.双重复合句double complex sentences 34.多重复合句multiple complex sentences 35.插入语parenthesis 36.IT引导的句子IT sentences

英语语法之名词篇

词法大全（一）-- 名词 Contents 可数名词不可数名词名词所有格

名词概念：表示人、物品、地点、情感、抽象概念等名称的词分类：普通名词pen teacher water 专有名词Beijing China July Sunday the Sun 可数名词apple teacher boy car 抽象名词advice information news price happiness 不可数名词液体water milk tea coffee juice 材料metal glass wood paper meat bread rice 可数名词变复数一般加s 二般以s, x, ch, sh 结尾，加es 三般以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y 为i 再加es 四般以f/fe 结尾，变f/fe 为v 再加es. 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife knife wolf thief shelf self life half leaf 以O 结尾事真多英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果 hero es potato es tomato es mango es 特殊变化要注意 man woman child mouse policeman men women children mice policemen 特中之特，单复同形 fish deer sheep fish deer sheep 合成复数有玄机 lemon tree toy shop computer game lemon trees toy shops computer games man doctor woman teacher men doctor s women teacher s

高中英语语法讲解与练习名词

二、名词一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.

不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds）只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。三、不可数名词不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?

初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)

名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词：（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples

英语语法1术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词

自考英语语法名词解释

Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.

英语语法名词专题

一、名词的分类普通名词可数名词当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。集体名词专有名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词二、名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。三、名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）