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5-9 Where is the news leading us

5-9 Where is the news leading us
5-9 Where is the news leading us

Unit 9

Text I: Where Is the News Leading Us? Teaching aims

1.Understand the role of the news media in social life.

2.Develop an ability to criticize the social function of the news media.

3.Learn to use argument in combination with other expository means.

Main and difficult teaching points: relevant information; understanding the thesis;

text organization; text comprehension; language points; the use of argument in combination with other expository means

Time allotment: 9 periods

Teaching Procedures:

I. Warm-up questions

1.What?s the meaning of “media” or “mass media”?

2.Do you agree that most people are strongly influenced by the media? How?

To what extend are you influenced by the media?

3.How do you define “news”? How does the author define “news”?

4.Do you find more “good news” or “bad news” in Chinese media? What about

the case in western media? Is it true that “bad news” attracts more attention?

Why?

5.What difference does it make if media are “disaster-prone”or

“progress-prone”? How does the author explain this? Do you agree with the author?s opinion?

6.What do you think is the author?s view on the obligations of the media?

7.What do you understand are the obligations of the media?

II. Relevant information

1.OPEC —A cronym for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, a

group of countries that produce oil and plan together how to sell it.

2.YMCA —A bbreviation of Young Men?s Christian Association, an international

organization that promotes the spiritual, intellectual, social, and physical welfare of young Christians

3.Walter Lippmann (1889 –1974) ---U. S. journalist and political philosopher,

well known for his writings on current social and political events and phenomena.

His widely syndicated column “ Today and Tomorrow” for the New York Herald Tribute was read by millions from September 1931 until his retirement in 1967. 4.nitrogen fixation(固氮作用): The formation of nitrogenous compounds by the

metabolic assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain soil bacteria, e.g. those living symbiotically on the root nodules of various leguminous plants. When these bacteria die, the fixed nitrogen is made available in the soil as plant food. (将大气中的氮转化为可被植物利用的无机化合物---固定的氮。固氮作用90%以上是

固氮细菌(nitrogen-fixing bacteria)活动的结果. 已知的固氮细菌有两类, 其中一类为共生固氮菌属, 如与豆科植物互惠共生的根瘤菌、与禾谷类植物互惠共生的产脂螺菌。共生固氮菌侵入寄主植物的根毛,在该处繁殖并促使根瘤形成。在根瘤内,细菌把游离氮转变成可供植物利用的硝酸盐。为保证豆科作物能充分结瘤并良好生长,播种前常用适当的根瘤菌制剂接种其种子。

III. Organization of the text

Part I: (Para 1 - 4)

Introducing the topic by referring to an incident/event at a public symposium (“Why are the newspapers and the television news programs so disaster-prone?”) Para 1: An introduction of the public symposium and the other two speakers.

Para 2: The purpose of the symposium.

Para 3: The question asked by the gentleman

Para 4: The answer and the reaction by the anchorman and the editor

Part II: (Para 5 -- 10)

By defining the word “news”, the author explains why “bad news” is always reported while “good news” overlooked. He goes on to point out the adverse consequence of such practice.

Para 5: The author interprets the question raised by the gentleman and the answer given by the anchorman.

Para 6-7 The author gives his definition of “news”. (“News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours—24hours at most.”). The definition

helps to explain partly why “bad news”(eruptive) is mostly reported

whereas “good news”(i.e. progress which comes in bits and pieces) is

neglected.

Para 8: The author criticizes the normal practice of the media by pointing out the harm done to the public mood by media?s obsession in “bad news”.

Para 9: The author?s self-defense for the necessity of reporting both “good” and “bad” news ( “I?m not suggesting …”“Nor do I define …”“…What I?m

trying to get across is the notion …”)

Para 10 The author further elaborates and strengthens his viewpoint by citing examples of what he considers positive developments of the world.

Part III: (Para 11-13)

The author argues that the media are obliged to serve as the “public philosopher”, responsible for affecting the public attitude in the right manner. (obligations of the media) And this explains why progress (“good news” ) should be reported.

IV. Rhetorical focus

Argument in association with other expository devices

Argument: a reason or a set of reasons.

Its aim: 1) to convince others that an action/idea is right or wrong so that they will give up their belief and accept what is said to be right

2) to persuade others to believe in sth. so that they will act in accordance

with what they are advised to do.

The essay aims to argue for the premise that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events. It also aims at persuading newsmen and women to take up this responsibility. In order to make his argument reasonable, convincing and valid, the author resorts to other modes of expression and expository means, including:

1. Narration

-happenings at the symposium; descriptions of the two speakers, questions raised at the symposium, etc.

2.D efinition: “news”, “civilization”, “progress”, “ positive news”

3.Cause-and-effect

Cause: people being over-informed about disasters while under-informed about progress;

Effect: a public mood of defeatism and despair, detrimental to society;

inhibiting progress

4.Exemplification: nitrogen fixation, which is not eruptive, but which will make

a contribution to human life and progress.

5.Quotation: from Walter Lippmann and Bernard de Chatres to illustrate the

role the media should play.

So, the present argument is well-knit and convincing, and will undoubtedly be accepted by sensible and responsible newsmen and women.

V. Language points

1.distinguished: an adjective used especially of people who are famous for serious

work in science, the arts, etc., e.g.,

? a distinguished scientist/ physician / writer / artist, etc.

2.anchorman: a broadcaster or newscaster at a central station who coordinates and

integrates a broadcast consisting of coverage coming from several different locations

3.to the core: utterly, completely, e.g.

?He is a politician to the core.他是地地道道的政客。

?His refusal shocked us to the core.他的拒绝使我们大吃一惊。

4.savvy: a.knowledgeable: e.g.

?be savvy about sth.通晓某事;

?She?s been around and savvy to a lot of things.她见过世面,懂得很多事

n. (sl.) common sense, understanding:

?have plenty of savvy 很有头脑;

?Where is your savvy? 你的常识到哪去了?

5.ways and means: a set phrase, 1) methods and means of accomplishing

something, 2) legislation and methods for raising revenues for public expense.

6.scrutinize: examine very closely and carefully,

?The building inspector scrutinized the architect?s design.

7.prone: likely to suffer from an illness; tending to show a particular negative

characteristic.

?She is prone to anger/ exaggeration/ flu

Prone may also be used after a noun with a hyphen combining the two, e.g.

?an accident-prone person (often having accidents 易出事故的人),

?njury-prone (often getting injuries),

?disaster- prone: tending to report disasters; interested in reporting disasters

8. be apt to : likely or having a tendency to do something.

?apt to be forgetful

?My pen is rather apt to leak.

9. devalue: reduce the exchange value of (money)

10. collide with: crash violently into.

?The fully-loaded truck collided with a station wagon.

?He ran so fast that he collided with a pedestrian in the street.

11.the sum total:the entire amount of something when all the various parts are

considered together; the whole.

?The sum total of what she said amounted to a flat refusal.

12. ingredient:constituent, component. This word is often used in cooking,

referring to the different things that combine to make some kind of food.

?Flour, eggs, sugar, and shortening are the chief ingredients of any kind of

cake.

13. inhibitor: hindrance or obstruction

14.deplete: reduce, decrease

15.contrive:make or invent in a clever way; cause (something) to happen in

accordance with one?s plans or wishes.

?He was quick to contrive an excuse for his absence at the last meeting.

16. antidote: anything that counteracts sth. unpleasant

?Education is an effective antidote to ignorance.教育是消除无知的有效方法。

17. get across: make something understood and accepted.

?He tried every way to explain, but he just couldn?t get his ideas across.

18. prospective: a particular way of considering something.

?The author writes from a historical perspective.

?Keep the problem in perspective (think about the problem in a reasonable way).

19. pursue: continue steadily with; carry on.

?She tried to pursue further studies in the university.

20. prospect: reasonable hope of something happening.

?The prospect of his being elected as the committee chair is encouraging.

?There?s hardly any prospect of success for him.

21. caricature: description of someone that exaggerates and makes one appear ridiculous.

?The chief character in his latest novel is a caricature of a well-known artist.

22. boost up: (literally) lift by pushing up from below.

?Please boost me up so that I can see what?s happening in the garden.

Often, boost means “ increase, raise”.

?We hope our production will be boosted by 20%.

VI. Difficult sentences (paraphrase)

1.“An unrelieved diet of eruptive news depletes the essential human energies a

free society needs”.: i.e. A continuous amount of negative news reduces the human potential that a free society is in need of.

2.“The time has come to consider the existence of a large area of human

happenings that legitimately qualify as news”. : i.e. Now we should recognize the fact that there are a lot of events that lawfully reach the standard of being looked upon as news.

3.“…boosting ourselves up through our experiences”. : i.e. improving and

developing ourselves through our experiences.

4.“The acquired culture is not transmitted in our genes.”: i.e. what we attain/get

from society does not become our inborn/inherent character.

VII. Classroom discussion

1.Journalists are said to be the “public?s philosopher”, i.e. they are responsible for

affecting our attitudes. How do you define a good journalist? Explain how the journalists should behave in order to best fulfill their role.

2.If you were a journalist, what aspect of social life will you focus on, the positive

or the negative side? Why?

3.Journalists are often tempted to hunt for sensational news, but in searching for such news they

may have to intrude into people?s privacy. How can a journalist solve this dilemma? Is t here any guideline for him to follow?

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