医学博士入学统考 英语真题 含答案解析+听力原文 2012

20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题

试卷一(Paper one)

Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)

Section A

Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question

will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,

C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER

SHEET。

Listen to the following example.

You will hear:

Woman:I fell faint.

Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.

Question:What's the matter with the woman?

You will read:

A.She is sick.

B.She is bitten by an ant.

C.She is hungry.

D.She spilled her paint.

Here C is the right answer.

Sample Answer

A B●D Now let's begin with question number1.

1. A.The woman's condition is critical.

B.The woman has been picking up quite well.

C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.

D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.

2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.

C.Frontal headaches.

D.Eye problem.

3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.

C.It's good to have a doctor friend.

D.It's good to visit the doctor.

4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.

B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.

C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.

D.He is overcautious sometimes.

5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.

C.The blouse is colorful.

D.The blouse is so fashionable.

6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.

C.To buy a ticket online.

D.To try an agency.

1

7. A.She disagrees with the man.

B.She couldn't agree with the man more.

C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.

D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.

8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.

C.Half an hour.

D.Five minutes.

9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.

C.She has a headache.

D.She has brain fever.

10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.

C.She will go to the USA with the man.

D.She expects the man to stay.

11. A.A cold. B.A headache.

C.A hoarse voice.

D.Insomnia.

12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.

C.To break up with Susan.

D.To have a date with Susan.

13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.

C.She will sign up for a talent show.

D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.

14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.

C.To take some herbal medicine.

D.To put on plaster.

15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.

C.The French perfume.

D.The medication.

Section B

Directions:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.

Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One

16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.

C.X-ray.

D.ECG.

17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.

C.Her daughter's sickness.

D.Her insufficient income.

18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.

C.Immune disease.

D.Gastric influenza.

19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.

C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.

D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.

20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.

C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.

D.Postpone your exercise when sick.

（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售2013最新医学考博英语视频）Passage Two

21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.

22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.

C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.

23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.

B.Sleeping during day time.

C.Going to bed soon after dark.

D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.

24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.

B.Because they sleep very little.

C.Because they are insensitive.

D.Because they can't complain.

25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.

B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.

C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.

D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.

Passage Three

26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.

C.The three-way division of the subjects.

D.The instructions given to the subjects.

28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.

B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.

C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.

D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.

29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.

C.Not so good.

D.Got it wrong this time.

30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.

C.Teachers at the kindergarten.

D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

Part II Vocabulary(10%)

Section A

Directions:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can best

complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.

A.temperate

B.temporary

C.tentative

D.tempting

32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/105650165.html,e off

B.knock off

C.drop off

D.pull off

33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______

A.transparency

B.transiency

C.trance

D.trace

34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____

A.arrogance

B.surveillance

C.indulgence

D.turbulence

35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out of

the cooler over the past20months.

A.reciprocal

B.receptive

C.repulsive

D.Redundant

36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over the

weekend to avoid a political vacuum.

A.spontaneous

B.strenuous

C.soaring

D.sluggish,

37.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinks

to______public opinions.

A.solicit

B.perceive

C.conceive

D.investigate

38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.

A.exceptionally

B.practically

C.exclusively

D.proportionately

39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.

A.grid

B.grant

C.grove

D.grandeur

40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.

A.swarmage

B.hatch

C.gang

D.surplus

Section B

Directions:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or

phrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for

the underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.

A.glimpse

B.gust

C.panic

D.pack

42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.

A.discipline

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/105650165.html,plain

C.conquer

D.defy

43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.

A.belittle

B.exaggerate

C.ponder

D.eliminate

44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.

A.In place of

B.In view of

C.In spite of

D.In search of

45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

A.accused

B.punished

C.dismissed

D.suspended

46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.

A.attached to

B.ascribed to

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/105650165.html,posed of

D.related to

47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.

A.puts out

B.passes off

C.pulls out

D.sends out

48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do the

whole thing again from scratch.

A.from the beginning

B.from now on

C.from time to time

D.from the bottom

49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research that

promises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.

A.administers

B.nurtures

C.inspires

D.ensures

50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides for

the disruption of human hormones.

A.disturbance

B.distraction

C.intersection

D.interpretation

Part III C l oze(10%)

Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer and

mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Dear Dr.Benjamin,

Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.

Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.

ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.

In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.

Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.

Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.

Sincerely,（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSM

President,American College of Sports Medicine

51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing

52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own

53. A.around B.above C.at D.across

54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted

55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands

56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also

57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally

58. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most

59. A.those B.one C.this D.it

60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebrate

Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)

Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer

and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）As the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?

Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.

There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.

Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.

We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.

Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.

61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________

A.a close link between growing obese and developing disease

B.the inevitable diseases of modem civilization

C.the war against the epidemic we have lost

D.the urgency of the global phenomenon

62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________

A.drags are no replacement of prevention

B.the technical advance is not necessarily good news

C.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemic

D.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified

63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author's

argument?（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

A.Belittling good health behavior.

B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.

C.Making trouble for our social environment.

D.Having implications for mental and physical health.

64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________

A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foods

B.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesity

C.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesity

D.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations

65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.No Quick Fix

B.Disease of Civilization

C.Pursuing a Technical Fix

D.A War on Global Obesity

Passage Two

An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.

The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.

The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."

Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.

German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized.

"Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy and

Tolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.

While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.

66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______

A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York

B.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parks

C.located in the north suburbs of Berlin

D.the biggest one in Germany

67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______

A.the real imported goods made in China

B.the authoritative permission for the project

C.the importance of the location for a Chinatown

D.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture

68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probably

means that_________

A.it is too late to build a Chinatown

B.it is their desire to save a Chinatown

C.it is important to create jobs for them

D.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there

69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremism

A.can seed the new community with hatred

B.could be an obstacle to the project

C.will absolutely kill the plan

D.is growing for the scheme

70.The message from the plan is clear:

A.to build a new community

B.to fight against right-wing extremism

C.to promote more cultural understanding

D.to increase Chinese's understanding of Germany

Passage Three

The American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.

Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.

This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.

A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.As people and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.

Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?

71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______

A.in a unique way

B.in a jealous tone

C.in the eyes of outsiders

D.out of personal admiration

72.The traditional model of the US research university________

A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline department

B.is well established with competition among its departments

C.ensures the success and prestige of each single department

D.is characterized by the department-based structure

73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____

A.to change the way scientific research is done along the discipline

B.to promote individuality and creativity in doing science

C.to address the current interdisciplinary challenges

D.to advance the discipline-based department

74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______

A.remains unchallenged as the name of the game

B.fosters unfair competition at the American institution

C.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration

D.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities

75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people may

have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?

A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.

B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.

C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.

D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.

Passage Four

Science and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.

Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climate scientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.

First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not to formulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?

There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.

Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.

76.In the case global warning,scientists_______

A.tend to be more conservative than politicians

B.are in no position to offer a definite answer

C.never trust politicians as in other cases

D.feel incapable more than ever before

77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______

A.don't like it when scientists are indirect

B.never see eye to eye with scientists there

C.seldom want to play the game with scientists

D.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy

78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposed

to_______

A.act with more concern and enthusiasm

B.discard their prejudice towards politicians

C.be definite enough to offer informed opinions

D.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment

79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______

A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinions

B.place policy and decision in the hands of scientists

C.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia

D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction

80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________

A.the other alternatives in the matter

B.the climate weapon as a double-edged sword

C.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientists

D.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governments

Passage Five

You are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.

But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.

There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.

The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.

There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).

Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。

81.Nowadays,consumers can know more about food

A.from the internet

B.by means of law weapons

C.from labels and claims

D.with the dictionary

82.According to the proposed law in Indiana,

A.there will be no milk labels of"No rBGH"

B.cows are banned from being treated with rBGH

C.food products are now allowed to carry labels and claims

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/105650165.html,k production cannot be increased with growth hormones

83.The real intention behind the ban as we can learn from the passage is

A.to convince consumers of confusion due to labels and claims

B.to get rid of the milk manufacturer's bad reputation

C.to prove the safety of rbST-treated cows'milk

D.to safeguard the sale of milk in the market

84.As the author implies,a food label reflects

A.customers'preferences and farming practices

B.customers'rationality and irrationality as well

C.a relationship between capitalism and irrationality

D.both the company's responsibility and the customer'prerogative

85.The last paragraph suggests

A.what will happen following an economic cataclysm

B.what consumers'irrationality means to capitalism

C.why customers can be irrational in consumption

D.how the market economy runs

Passage Six

There may be a link between creativity and mental disorders,but it is probably not in the way that you think.There is a widespread highly romanticized belief that madness somehow heightens creative genius among artists,writers,and musicians.And that may be because we romanticize the idea of artistic inspiration.

As with mental disorders,there is something mysterious and unexplainable about the creative process.But all significant creative leaps have two very important components:talent and technique.By far the most universal and necessary aspect of technique is dogged persistence, which is anything but romantic.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,best known psychologist for his work on flow,says despite the carefree air that many creative people effect,most of them work late into the night and persist when less driven individuals would not.Even acknowledged creative geniuses find that endurance must follow intuition.Follow-through is critical to the realization of an idea.Robert Root-Bernstein,another observer of the creative process,points out:"If the writer doesn't sit at the computer every day,the muse is not going to visit."Even having ideas can take a great deal of discipline.Discipline is not a hallmark of minds in the throes of emotional distress.

Nevertheless,depression strikes artists ten times more often than it does the general population.The link,however,is not creativity.Artists are more likely to be self-reflective and to think things through.And that thinking style--as opposed to creativity itself--is a hallmark of depression and commonly leads to it.（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

Evidence that madness does nothing to heighten creative genius comes from a study done by psychologist Robert Weisberg.He studied in detail Robert Schumann,the great composer,who was known to endure bouts of manic depression that drove him to attempt suicide.Indeed, Schumann wrote a great deal of music during his manic intervals.But quantity is one thing and quality is another.Weisberg found that Schumann's compositional output indeed swelled during

his manic years,but the average quality of his efforts did not change.Mania"jacks up the energy level,"Weisberg points out,"but it doesn't give the person access to ideas that he or she wouldn't have had otherwise."

It's entirely possible,Weisberg notes,that the elevated rates of mental disorders among artistic geniuses result from their creative lifestyle,which hardly provides emotional stability. Many artists struggle against poverty and public indifference in their lifetime.And if they do indeed produce works that are acclaimed,they could succumb to the overwhelming pressure to live up to their earlier successes.

86.Based on the first two paragraphs,the author is trying to focus our attention on________

A.madness and romance

B.genius and persistence

C.creativity and mental disorders

D.romance and artistic inspiration

87.According to Csikszentmihalyi and Root-Bernstein,endurance________

A.does not necessarily mean discipline

B.has much to do with original output

C.is a label on those derpessives

D.actually comes

88.Which of the following statements about depression is true?

A.It never strikes common people.

B.The people who are more self-reflective are more likely to be hit by depression.

C.Creativity has much to do with depression and we have figured out what it is.

D.The thinking style of artists is in line with creativity itself.

89.What does it in Paragraph4refer to?

A.creativity.

B.depression.

C.self-reflective.

D.population.

90.What is the best tile of this passage?

A.Persistence and creativity

B.Genius and madness

C.Success and madness

D.Artists and general people

试卷二(Paper Two)

Part V Writing(20%)

Directions:In this part there is an essay in Chinese.Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200words in English on the ANSWER SHEET Make sure that your summary covers

the major points of the essay.

电脑、网络与健康

电脑已经成为人们生活和工作不可缺少的工具，它在给人们带来诸多方便的同时，也带来了一些烦恼和忧虑，因为人们长期从事电脑工作对健康的影响是比较直接的。

电脑和网络使用不当危害健康

一是对身体健康的直接影响。电脑显示器利用电子枪发射电子束来产生图像，并伴有辐射与电磁波，长期使用会伤害人们的眼睛，诱发一些眼病，如青光眼等；键盘上键位密集，键面有一定的弹力和阻力，长期击键会对手指和上肢不利；操作电脑时，体形和全身难得有变化，操作向着高速、单一、重复的特点发展，强迫体位比重越来越大，容易导致肌肉骨骼系统的疾患，其中，计算机操作时所累及的主要部位有腰、颈、肩、肘、腕部等。操作电脑过程中注意力高度集中，眼、手指快速频繁运动，使生理、心理过度重负，从而产生睡眠多梦、神经衰弱、头部酸胀、机体免疫力下降，甚至会诱发一些精神方面的疾病。这种人易丧

失自信，内心时常紧张、烦躁、焦虑不安，最终导致身心疲惫。

二是导致网络综合征。长时间无节制地花费大量时间和精力在互联网上持续聊天、浏览，会导致各种行为异常、心理障碍、人格障碍、交感神经功能部分失调，严重者发展成为网络综合征，该病症的典型表现为：情绪低落、兴趣丧失、睡眠障碍、生物钟紊乱、食欲下降和体重减轻、精力不足、精神运动性迟缓和激动、自我评价降低、思维迟缓、不愿意参加社会活动、很少关心他人、饮酒和滥用药物等。

三是电脑散发的气体危害呼吸系统。英国过敏症基金会的研究人员最近发表的一份研究报告指出，办公设备会释放有害人体健康的臭氧气体，而主要元凶是电脑、激光打印机等。这些臭氧气体不仅有毒，而且可能造成某些人呼吸困难，对于那些哮喘病和过敏症患者来说，情况就更为严重了。另外，较长时间待在臭氧气体浓度较高的地方，还会导致肺部发生病变。

怎样减少电脑网络的危害

客观地说，电脑对人体生理和心理方面的负面影响已日益受到人们的重视。在电脑普及程度比较高的国家里，“电脑综合征”已成为很普遍的现代病。为此科学使用电脑，减少电脑和网络的危害是十分必要的。（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

一是要增强自我保健意识。如工作间隙注意适当休息，一般来说，电脑操作人员在连续工作1小时后应该休息10分钟左右。并且最好到操作室之外活动活动身体。平时要加强体育锻炼，增强体能，要定期进行身体检查和自我心理测定，一旦发现生理、心理上的有关症状，可在一段时间内适当调整上机时间，缓解症状。

二是注意工作环境。电脑室内光线要适宜，不可过亮或过暗，避免光线直接照射在荧光屏上而产生干扰光线，工作室要保持通风干爽，使那些有害气体尽快排出，尽量用非击打式打印机减少噪音等等。

三是注意补充营养。电脑操作者在荧光屏前工作时间过长，视网膜上的视紫红质会被消耗掉，而视紫红质主要由维生素A合成。因此，电脑操作者应多吃些胡萝卜、白菜、豆芽、豆腐、红枣、橘子以及牛奶、鸡蛋、动物肝脏、瘦肉等食物，以补充人体内维生素A和蛋白质。多饮些茶，茶叶中的茶多酚等活性物质会有利于吸收与抵抗放射性物质。

201

20122年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

1．[B]此题考点为细节信息再现。女士问医生是不是好转了，医生回答说当然，故答案为B。选项C是干扰项，医生让女病人伸直手臂，并说会有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含义是“刺痛”。

2．[C]此题考点为细节信息再现。男士六个月前来看病是因为手指断了，今天来看病是因为头痛，故答案为C。D项为干扰项，男士在讲述病情时提到头疼，大概是眼周围的地方疼。

3．[C]此题为细节信息再现。男士说需要体检时打个电话给他，免费的。女士回答说有个医生在身边很好，所以答案为C。

4．[B]对话中女士说抗氧化剂可以防癌，但她不想吃药未获取该物质。男士告诉女士可以从每天食物中获取所需的抗氧化剂。因而答案是B。男士话语中的on the safe side的含义是“安全可靠，稳妥”。

5．[B]此题考点为推断。女士说花了8000元买了这件上衣。男士认为这是“rip off”，这个词的含义是“骗人的东西”，他还提到时尚确实杀死女人。从上述信息可以推断出男士认为这件上衣太贵了，因此答案为B。

6．[C]女士说春节回家票很难买，男士建议她尝试网上(online)购票。因此女士很可能会采纳这个建议。故本题选C。

7．[B]男士说基金会的资金会帮助实现他们的计划，女士说“How could it not”，意思是“肯定可以”，因此本题选B。该选项中“couldn't agree with the man more”是比较级的特殊用法，“否定词+比较级”等于该词的最高级，即couldn't agree with the man more等于agree with the man most，即“十分同意”。

8．[B]录音中提到1分钟、5分钟、半个小时、一刻钟，最后的肯定答案是a quarter of an hour，即15分钟。因此本题正确答案为B。

9．[C]女士说：“太迟了，我刚已经受到了冰过头的疼痛。”由此可知，该女士遭遇到了吃冷冻食物时发生的疼痛，这也是“brain freeze”的含义。故本题选C。

10．[B]录音中女士说：“哇，我迫不及待想见你。”can't wait to see sb．的意思是“迫不及待想见某人”。因此本题正确答案为B。

11．[C]男士说：“他嗓子嘶哑的原因是近期睡眠不好，并且很频繁地唱卡拉OK。”因此他嗓子嘶哑的原因不是感冒。故本题选C。

12．[A]录音中女士建议：“Susan是Emily的好朋友，可以去找她了解一下。”因此本题正确答案为A。

13．[C]女儿想去参加“美国偶像”的比赛，父亲告知他要赢得比赛很困难，女儿表示“Where there is a will there is a way”，即有志者事竟成，暗含着她已经下定决心参加比赛。故本题正确答案为C。

14．[D]女士给了医生X光片，医生认为她需要一个月的休息(a month off)，尽可能卧床休息(rest in bed as much as possible)，还会开点草药(herbal medicine)帮助其恢复。但并不需要打石膏(plaster)，因为没有那么严重，因此本题正确答案为D。

15．[B]女士说因为用了比较昂贵的美国面霜(American face cream)后，皮肤就变粗糙(rough)，并开始不断地长痘(spot)。医生认为有可能她对这种面霜过敏(allergic)，建议她立刻停止使用。因此本题正确答案为B。

Section B

Passage One

16．[A]根据医生的判断，病人的ECG十分正常(perfectly normal)，X光片也没有问题，但是白血球数量很高(white blood cell count is rather high)。因此本题答案为A。17．[D]病人很焦虑，因为她本人工作很忙，女儿也生病了，学习压力也很大。只有D(收入不足)不是她焦虑的原因，因此本题答案为D。

18．[C]医生说病人的红细胞量高，证明身体正在跟病毒斗争，由此推理可知，病人可能是免疫系统出了点问题。故本题选C。

19．[A]医生说，按照说明一天口服三次白色药片，而charcoal药片则需要根据肠胃(bowels)的适应度宋决定是服用一片还是两片，因此本题正确答案为A。

20．[D]医生对病人的建议是：不能上班，大量饮水，多吃蔬菜和水果。只有“生病时延缓健身”未被提及，故本题答案为D。

Passage TWO

21．[A]此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：As many as35million Americans experience chronic insomnia，所以答案为A。

22．[B]此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：In the six years that author,professor and lifelong insomniac Gayle Green spent researching and writing her book“Insomniac”．答案为B。23．[C]此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：there's some evidence to suggest that this sleep pattern may be the one most in tune with our inherent circadian rhythms．而这里的this sleep pattern指的就是前—句话说的睡觉模式：They'd go to bed soon after dark,sleep for four hours then wake for an hour or two during which they'd write,pray,smoke,have sex or even visit neighbors．因而符合这一睡觉模式的是C。

24．[D]此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：insomnia is defined as a“complaint,”and since animals can't complain，it's difficult to measure in them．所以答案为D。

25．[A]此题可以用排除法，文章中提出五个常见的对睡眠的错误认识。B、C和D正是其中的三个，因而A为答案。

Passage Three

26．[D]根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(more efficiently)。因此，本题选D。27．[C]录音中有句话说得很清楚“This three-way division had never been made before”，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28．[B]Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(had expected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。29．[A]从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30．[C]录音中提到，this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

Part II Vocabulary

Section A

31．[A]题意：她的营养师建议：适度的饮食和适量的运动可以帮助她迅速恢复。此题为形近词辨析。题干中的并列结构可以帮助考生确定空白处的含义，moderate exercise的含义是“适度的锻炼”，因而and前面应该为“适度的饮食”。A为答案。temporary的含义是“临时的”；tentative的含义是“试验性的，暂定的”；tempting的含义为“诱惑人

的”。

32．[B]题意：他的健康状况迫使他三十几岁就不工作了。此题考点为词组辨析。Come off 的含义为“举行，成功，脱落”；knock off的含义是“击倒，停工”：drop off的含义是“减少，降低”。

33．[C]题意：两天后他恢复了意识，忘记了恍惚时发生过的事情。transparency“透明”；

transiency“稍纵即逝”；trace“痕迹，轨迹”。

34．[C]题意：尽管今年财政紧张，圣诞节仍旧代表放松的最佳时刻。arrogance“自大，傲慢”；surveillance“监督，监视”；indulgence“放纵，沉溺”；turbulence“骚乱”。35．[A]题意：过去的20个月里，两国领导人的数次互访使得两国关系融洽了许多。reciprocal “互惠的，彼此的”；receptive“接受的”；repulsive“排斥的，令人厌恶的”；redundant “多余的”。

36．[D]题意：由于受到不理想的支持率的打击，首相决定周末辞职以避免政治真空。

spontaneous“同时的”；strenuous“费劲的”；soaring“猛增的”；sluggish“不理想的”。

根据题意，D为正确选项。

37．[A]题意：北京旅游局公布了2753种菜名和饮料的翻译，寻求公众意见。solicit“请求，征集”；perceive“察觉”；conceive“构思”；investigate“调查”。根据题意，应选择A。38．[C]题意：单独的母乳喂养的婴儿，若每天未能补充400国际单位的维生素D，则其最易患上偻佝病。exceptionally“特别地”；practically“实际地”；exclusively“排外地，独占地”；proportionately“成比例地”。根据题意，正确答案为C。

39．[A]题意：政府花费很多钱，将电网拓展到每个偏远山才抹改善农民的生活状况。electricity grid是“电网”的意思，是固定搭配。grant资助，支持；grove沟槽；grandeur辉煌。

根据题意，本题选A。

40．[D]题意：社会学家认为一个社会如果有太多的年轻人不愿结婚，那么这个社会就会充满动乱、暴力和犯罪行为。swarmage一大群，往往指的“乌合之众”的状态，常用来形容动物；hatch孵化；gang一帮，范围和势力较小；surplus富余，表示在可承受范围之外的部分。因此，本题想突出不希望结婚的年轻人数量超出了社会承受范围，故选D。

surplus可以与a连用。

Section B

41．[B]题意：她是一个疯狂的歌迷，当见到迈克尔·杰克逊的时候她感到很激动。划线词

a tingle of的含义是“一丝丝，一阵阵”，这里指的是一阵激动。A项glimpse的含义是

“匆匆一瞥”，因而不能和excitement连用：C项panic的含义是“恐慌”；D项pack的含义是“包装，一包”，这两个词都不能和excitement连用。B项gust表示一阵(风)。42．[C]题意：母亲对弟弟的偏心使他心生怨恨，无法释怀。划线词transcend的含义是“超越”；A项discipline的含义是“训练”；B项complain的含义是“抱怨”，常与about 连用；C项conquer的含义是“克服，征服”；D项defy的含义是“藐视，公然对抗”。43．[A]题意：任何人都不能小看这种恐惧，也不能向它妥协。划线单词trifle with是“玩弄、轻视”的含义，与belittle同义。exaggerate“夸张”；ponder“思考”；eliminate“删除，清除”。故本题选A。（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

44．[B]题意：考虑到他的良好记录，警察接受了他的辩护。划线单词in light of意思是“从……

的方面，考虑到……”，与in view of同义。In place of“反而，然而”，与instead of同义；in spite of“尽管”；in search of“寻找”。故本题选B。

45．[D]题意：市政府官员说，在应聘申请中有撒谎嫌疑的人可以被终止聘用。划线单词terminate意思是“终止，停止”，与suspend“延迟，停止”同义。accuse“控诉”；punish

“惩罚”；dismiss“解散”。故选D。

46．[B]题意：2009年4月墨西哥城外猪流感的爆发造成一百多人死亡。划线单词be blamed for意思是“承担……责任”，与ascribe to意思相近。attach to“与……联系”；compose of“由……组成”；relate to“与……联系”。故本题选D。

47．[A]题意：当森林起火燃烧的时候，会释放成百上千种化合物，包括一氧化碳。划线单词discharge意思是“释放，散发”，与put out同义。pass off“消失”；pull out“拔出来，驶出”；send out“派出”。故本题选A。

48．[A]题意：不幸的是，修建中的桥在地震中坍塌了，他们不得不从头开始。划线单词from scratch的意思是“从头做起，从零做起”，与from the beginning同义。from now on“从现在”；from time to time“时不时，经常”；from the bosom“从底部”。故本题选A。49．[D]题意：双胞胎姐妹让英国科学家在白血病研究上有了突破，能使治疗方案效果更好，副作用更少。划线单词promise的意思是“承诺，保证”，与ensure含义相同。administer “管理”；nurture“培育”；inspire“鼓励”。故选D。

50．[A]题意：激进的环境保护主义者谴责杀虫剂中的污染物和合成化学物质破坏了人体荷尔蒙。划线单词disruption的意思是“破坏”，与disturbance含义相近。distraction“分散”；intersection“横断，交叉”；interpretation“解释”。故本题选A。

Part III cloze

51．[D]本题考查上下文语义和词汇。该句的意思是“基于您出色的职业成就和致力于解决医疗服务的不平等”，此处address表示“解决……的问题”。符合上下文含义，是正确答案。address还有“地址、致辞”等含义。

52．[C]本题考查代词。空格后的句子讲到“我们鼓励你们建立你们自己的遗产”，因此空格处可推测是“你们自己的导师”。故本题选C。

53．[A]本题考查介词。此处表示“基于……基础上；围绕……的观点”，around是最合适的介词。故选A。

54．[B]本题考查语法。空格前后的意思是“提倡防治和健康意识能降低成本，并帮助人们过上更健康的生活”。此处believe后的从句需要主语，而主语又表示一种动作或行动，因此直接使用promote的动名词形式即可。故本题选B。

55．[D]本题考查固定搭配。stand ready to的含义是“准备好”，是正确答案。

56．[C]本题考查并列结构的固定搭配。not just…but表示“不仅仅是，而是”，同时but by 与not just through是并列关系。故本题选C。

57．[C]本题考查词汇和上下文语义。空格前后的意思是“(那是)一个特意呼吁医生鼓励病人将体力活动和锻炼与日常生活结合起来的项目”。arguably“有争议性地”；excessively “额外地”；specifically“特别地，具体地”；exceptionally“排外地，特别地”。故本题选C。（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）58．[A]此题考查固定搭配。be well aware意思是“很清楚地认识到”，此处well为程度副词，修饰aware。故本题答案为A。

59．[B]本题考查代词做先行词。定语从句中whose family has suffered…的先行词只能用单数代词，同时要指代人，因此只有one能有合二为一的功能。故本题正确答案为B。60．[B]本题测试上下文含义。greet“打招呼”；welcome“欢迎”；deserve“值得”；celebrate “庆祝”。此处表示“欢迎、期待与您见面的机会”，故本题正确答案为B。

Comp p rehension

Part IV Reading Com

Passage One

61．[D]此题为总结概括题。第一段的数据都清楚地表明肥胖已经成为全球性的趋势，解决该问题刻不容缓，因而答案为D。

62．[B]此题为转折处命题。根据减肥药的专有名词定位到文章的第二段，第二段主要讲述该药的作用。第三段第二句话转折后指出，对于其他人(没有明显的遗传肥胖基因的人)来说，将治疗看做比预防更有效的手段是很危险的。因而答案为B。选项A的错误在于对于有遗传肥胖基因的人来说这种药确实有效，因而A过于绝对。

63．[B]此题参看文章第四段。

64．[C]此段根据题干定位第五段的第一句话：…greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death．这句话说明更多的人将自己肥胖归因于有肥胖的遗传基因，而忽视了生活方式的影响。因而选项C正确。

65．[D]此题为主旨题。本文利用众多数据表明肥胖问题刻不容缓，随后阐述了减肥药的作用。但作者对于这一药物的弊端进行了分析，最后建议两种方式应对这一问题。文章最后作者提到减肥药可以救助一些人，但全球肥胖的问题是生活方式的问题，因而其解决方法也应从生活方式入手。可见本文主要讲与全球肥胖问题作斗争，选项D为答案。Passage Two

66．[A]此题为细节定位题，原文信息参考第二段的第一句话。文章第一段提到这个唐人街将以古塔和太极公园为特征，所以选项B错误；同时第一段提到新建的唐人街位于柏林以北22里的Oranienburg，因而选项C错误；选项D没提到。

67．[D]此题参见文章第三段。倒数第二句提到文化环境很关键，因而我们可以推断出Lang 指的是文化氛围，故选项D正确。

68．[D]此题参见文章第四段，德国有很多的中国移民者，但没有一个唐人街，因而作者的意思是D项。

69．[B]文章倒数第二段提到德国的右翼极端排外主义扎根于社会中，并且不是一个小问题。

因此我们可以推断德国排外极端主义可能会阻碍建唐人街的计划。

70．[C]此题参见文章最后一句：建造者们希望这个建造唐人街的计划能增进两国之间的文化了解，所以选项C正确。

Passage three

71．[C]本题是一个结构题。第一段讲从某个角度看美国大学的情况，第二段第一句话，话锋一转讲“但是，从内部人眼里来看”，证明首段应该是inside的对立面。故本题正确答案为C。

72．[D]本题为细节题。从第二段、第三段都能找到相应答案。美国研究大学的传统模式为“system of discipline-specific departments”(以学科为界的院系体系)，故本题答案为D。73．[C]本题为细节题。第三段有答案“很多重要研究都是跨学科的(interdisciplinary)”，需要很多协作(collaboration)，而目前传统的大学建制是与这样的协作要求是有冲突的。故研究型大学进行改革的原因就是为了解决这个矛盾。故本题选C。

74．[D]本题是细节题。答案在第四段。该段讲到：“人才和资金都流向了南方，而最强的大学却仍然被禁锢在东北和加州。”由此可知，多年不变的权势顺序(pecking order)使得美国大学的资金分配不均匀(uneven)。故本题选D。

75．[D]本题是推理题。根据全文的内容可知，美国研究型大学在内行人的眼里是有弊端的，但它反映了“中层阶级为后代提供稳定职业所必需的本科教育的愿望”，但并未考虑到成年人自身再深造的需求。由此推理可知目前的大学模式从某种角度上来讲是个障碍。

故本题选D。

Passage Four

76．[D]本题考查细节。从第二段可以找到答案：政治家们只能挠头，科学家们却也无法提供更好的解决方案。故本题选D。

77．[D]本题考查细节。从第二段可知，科学家们在气候变化的问题上，更多的只能是scratch

their heads，即“不知所措”的含义，与D选项中“be left puzzled over”是近义改写。

故本题选D。（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）

78．[A]本题考查细节。从倒数第二、三段可知，为了搭建科学家和政治家的沟通桥梁，科学家们应该从学术的象牙塔中走出来(descend from the ivory towers of academia)，脱掉实验室的制服(labcoat)，以表示关切的市民身份(concerned citizen)参与进来。故本题答案为A(科学家们应该更积极主动地参与)。

79．[A]本题考查细节。原文倒数第二段有答案。政治家们不应该再只向气候学家寻求简单的答案，而是需要一群新的顾问，需要他们从学术象牙塔中走出来，加入到气候问题的讨论中，他们愿意并且有能力去权衡风险及各种行动方案的成本和收益。

80．[B]本题为细节题。最后一段有答案；地里工程不是一张万能卡，它也有自己的风险(Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card；it has dangers of its own)。也就是地里工程是一把双刃剑(double-edged sword)。故本题选B。

Passage Fi Fiv v e

81．[C]本题为细节题。从第一段的最后一句可以找到答案。现在的购物者对食物的成分、运输、生产开始感兴趣，“localvore”和“food miles”也进入到词汇(lexicon)中。商家也很乐于提供这些信息，最后就导致(resulting in)了花花绿绿的商标和申明(label and claim)。故本题选C。

82．[A]本题为细节题。本题答案在第二段。美国印第安纳州将要出台一项法律，禁止标有“No rBGH”的牛奶出现。故本题选A。

83．[A]本题考查细节。第三段有答案：The second—that proliferation of“no rBGH”labels will train consumers to distrust the product—is the real motivation，大意为“‘no rBGH’标签的泛滥会将顾客训练得不信任这些产品，这才是真正的目的。”为了解决顾客对产品的怀疑，才需要禁止这些标签。故本题选A最合适。

84．[D]本题为深层次的推理题。倒数第二段讲到：厂家有义务教育消费者相信标签内容，而消费者不理性地拒绝也是他们的特权。C选项并不能反映在标签上。

85．[B]本题考查细节。本段主要讨论了经济的繁荣依赖消费者的非理性，本题答案为B。Passa

Passag g e Si Six x（淘宝ID：考博助理提供QQ：539371004另出售最新医学考博英语视频）86．[B]本题考查前两段的主旨。第一段的主题句为首句：There may be a link between creativity and mental disorders，but it is probably not in the way that you think．大意为：创造力与精神障碍之间有联系，但是这种联系并非像我们想象的那样。似乎此时B选项就不能选了。但此时作者并未表明态度，而只是想让读者开始思考这两者的关系，因此本题选B。87．[B]本题考查细节。第二段有相关答案。endurance(耐久力)是非常重要的，甚至著名的天才也意识到，直觉之后的坚持需要毅力的支撑。因此本题选择B。A选项的含义与原文意思正好相反。

88．[B]本题考查推理能力。通过第四段可知，艺术家患抑郁(depression)的可能性比普通人大10倍，原因是他们更自省(self-reflective)。A选项过于绝对，C选项(创造性与抑郁有很大关系，我们已经很清楚是什么)在原文没有提及，D选项(艺术家的思维方式与创造性是一致的)正好与原文的opposed to意义相反。故本题选B。

89．[B]代词指代题。这段话的逻辑应该仔细分析：艺术家比常人患depression的可能性高，原因不是creativity，而是独特的thinking style，即self-reflectivity(自省)，且这种style 与creatively本身是背道而驰的，它(style)是depression的一个标志，也是造成it的原因。

因此，显而易见，此处it指代depression。

90．[B]文章共分三部分，第一段引出人们关于创造力与精神障碍之间关系的误解，剩下内

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2018年全国医学考博英语试题.doc教学文稿

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c

2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.

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2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】

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2012考研英语二真题及答案解析

2012考研英语二真题 Section1Use of Eninglish Directions: Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but that’s not how it used to be.To the men and women who1)in World War II and the people they liberated,the GI.was the2)man grown into hero,the pool farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who3)all the burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the4)of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.this was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5)an average guy,up 6)the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation7)Government Issue,and it was on all of the article8)to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never9)it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Magrac…a working class name.The United States has10)had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI.joe had a(11)career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appers as a character,or a(12)of american personalities,in the1945movie The Story of GI.Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the(14)side of the warl,writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers,not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated,His reports(16)the“willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war,the(18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries, G.I.Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed 2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal 3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded 4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes 5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence