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金工实习英文讲义-磨工

金工实习英文讲义-磨工
金工实习英文讲义-磨工

Mechanical Engineering Training

Grinding

Name:

Student NO.:

Date:

1. Introduction to Grinding

Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool.

A wide variety of machines are used for grinding:

(1) Hand-cranked knife-sharpening stones (grindstones)

(2) Handheld power tools such as angle grinders and die grinders

(3) Various kinds of expensive industrial machine tools called grinding machines

(4) Bench grinders often found in residential garages and basements

Grinding practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and toolmaking. It can produce very fine finishes and very accurate dimensions; yet in mass production contexts it can also rough out large volumes of metal quite rapidly. It is usually better suited to the machining of very hard materials than is "regular" machining (that is, cutting larger chips with cutting tools such as tool bits or milling cutters), and until recent decades it was the only practical way to machine such materials as hardened steels. Compared to "regular" machining, it is usually better suited to taking very shallow cuts, such as reducing a shaft’s d iameter by half a thousandth of an inch or 12.7 μm.

Grinding is a subset of cutting, as grinding is a true metal-cutting process. Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-point cutting edge, and shears a tiny chip that is analogous to what would conventionally be called a "cut" chip (turning, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.). However, among people who work in the machining fields, the term cutting is often understood to refer to the macroscopic cutting operations, and grinding is often mentally categorized as a "separate" process. This is why the terms are usually used in contradistinction in shop-floor practice, even though, strictly speaking, grinding is a subset of cutting.

In this training course, considering the availability of required equipment in the training center, we will focus on the training of metal casting methods.

2. Types of Grinding Process

Selecting which of the following grinding operations to be used is determined by the size, shape, features and the desired production rate.

Surface Grinding

Surface grinding uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material, creating a flat surface. The tolerances that are normally achieved with grinding are ± 2 × 10?4 inches for grinding a flat material, and ± 3 × 10?4 inches for a parallel surface (in metric units: 5 μm for flat material and 8 μm for parallel surface).

The surface grinder is composed of an abrasive wheel, a workholding device known as a chuck, either electromagnetic or vacuum, and a reciprocating table.

Typical workpiece materials include cast iron and steel. These two materials do not tend to clog the grinding wheel while being processed. Other materials are aluminum, stainless steel, brass and some plastics. The photo of a surface grinding machine is shown in Figure 1. The machine you are going to use in this training course is the surface grinding machine. You will learn about the working principles of the machine and manipulate the machine to grind a workpiece according to a technical drawing.

Figure 1 Surface grinding machine

Cylindrical Grinding

Cylindrical grinding (also called center-type grinding) is used to grind the cylindrical surfaces and shoulders of the workpiece. The workpiece is mounted on centers and rotated by a devise known as a drive dog or center driver. The abrasive wheel and the workpiece are rotated by separate motors and at different speeds. The table can be adjusted to produce tapers. The wheel head can be swiveled.

The five types of cylindrical grinding are: outside diameter (OD) grinding, inside diameter (ID) grinding, plunge grinding, creep feed grinding, and centerless grinding.

A cylindrical grinder has a grinding (abrasive) wheel, two centers that hold the workpiece, and a chuck, grinding dog, or other mechanism to drive the work. Most cylindrical grinding machines include a swivel to allow for the forming of tapered pieces. The wheel and workpiece move parallel to one another in both the radial and longitudinal directions. The abrasive wheel can have many shapes. Standard disk shaped wheels can be used to create a tapered or straight workpiece geometry while formed wheels are used to create a shaped workpiece. The process using a formed wheel creates less vibration than using a regular disk shaped wheel.

Tolerances for cylindrical grinding are held within five ten-thousandths of an inch (+/- 0.0005) (metric: +/- 13 um) for diameter and one ten-thousandth of an inch (+/- 0.0001) (metric: 2.5 um) for roundness. Precision work can reach tolerances as high as fifty millionths of an inch (+/- 0.00005) (metric: 1.3 um) for diameter and ten millionths (+/- 0.00001) (metric: 0.25 um) for roundness. Surface finishes can range from 2 to 125 micro-inches (metric: 50 nm to 3 um), with typical finishes ranging from 8-32 micro-inches. (metric: 0.2 um to 0.8 um)

Figure 2 shows a cylindrical grinding machine.

Figure 2 Cylindrical grinding machine

3. Working Principle of the Surface Grinding Machine

Figure 3 Structure of a surface grinding machine

As can be seen in Figure 3, the surface grinding machine consists of a table with a fixture to guide and hold the work piece, and a power-driven grinding wheel spinning at the required speed. The speed is determined by the wheel’s diameter and manufacturer’s rating. The grinding wheel can travel across a fixed work piece, or the work piece can be moved while the grind wheel stays in a fixed position. The work piece is usually firmly

fixed on the table through electromagnetic power to make sure it won’t move under the rotatory force of the grinding wheel. So when we say the work piece moves, we actually mean the table that fixes the work piece moves.

Fine control of the grinding head or table position is possible using a vernier calibrated hand wheel. From Figure 3, we can see there are three hand wheels, in which the Longitudinal Feed Hand Wheel controls the longitudinal movement of the table, the Cross Feed Hand Wheel controls the horizontal movement of the table while the Vertical Feed Hand Wheel controls the vertical movement of the grinding head. With the hand wheels, we can precisely control the amount of material to be removed and finally meet the technical requirement.

Figure 4 The grinding process

As can be seen form Figure 4, the Grinding machine removes material from the surface of the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of heat. To cool the work piece so that it does not overheat and go outside its tolerance, grinding machines incorporate a coolant. The coolant also benefits the machinist as the heat generated may cause burns. During the grinding process, the coolant is continuously supplied to the grinding wheel where it contacts the workpiece to remove the heat.

4. Grinding Wheel

A grinding wheel is an expendable wheel that is composed of an abrasive compound used for various grinding (abrasive cutting) and abrasive machining operations. The wheels are generally made from a matrix of coarse particles pressed and bonded together to form a solid, circular shape. Various profiles and cross sections are available depending on the intended usage for the wheel. They may also be made from a solid steel or aluminum disc with particles bonded to the surface. Figure 5 shows the photo of a grinding wheel that is used in the surface grinding machine.

Figure 5 Grinding wheel

The manufacture of these wheels is a precise and tightly controlled process, due not only to the inherent safety risks of a spinning disc, but also the composition and uniformity required to prevent that disc from exploding due to the high stresses produced on rotation.

Common materials for manufacturing grinding wheels include: Aluminum Oxide, Silicon Carbide, Ceramic, Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride. Grinding wheels with diamond or Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) grains are called super-abrasives. Grinding wheels with Aluminum Oxide (corundum), Silicon Carbide or Ceramic grains are called conventional abrasives.

5. Use of the Micrometer

In the training practice, you are supposed to grind the workpiece according to a technical drawing where size and tolerance of the finished workpiece are specified. Your finished workpiece must conform to all the specifications in the technical drawing. Therefore, in order to check if the workpiece is qualified, you have to learn about the use of the micrometer.

A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame), which is why micrometer caliper is another common name. The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the object to be measured is placed between the spindle and the anvil. The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the spindle and the anvil. Figure 6 shows a micrometer.

Figure 6 The micrometer

But how to read the micrometer? Let us see an example in Figure 7.

Figure 7 Micrometer thimble reading 5.78mm

The spindle of an ordinary metric micrometer has 2 threads per millimeter, and thus one complete revolution moves the spindle through a distance of 0.5 millimeter. The longitudinal line on the frame is graduated with 1 millimeter divisions and 0.5 millimeter subdivisions. The thimble has 50 graduations, each being 0.01 millimeter (one-hundredth of a millimeter). Thus, the reading is given by the number of millimeter divisions visible on the scale of the sleeve plus the particular division on the thimble which coincides with the axial line on the sleeve.

Suppose that the thimble were screwed out so that graduation 5, and one additional 0.5 subdivision were visible (as shown in Figure 7), and that graduation 28 on the thimble coincided with the axial line on the sleeve. The reading then would be 5.00 + 0.5 + 0.28 = 5.78 mm.

6. Training Practice

In this training course, you are supposed to grind the workpiece according to a technical drawing. The drawing will be given to you in class, so before you start working, first read the drawing carefully and make sure you have understood all the specifications on the drawing. Then following the guidance of the teacher, you can manipulate the grinding machine. When you have finished, use the micrometer to check if the workpiece meets the specifications, if not, you have to repeat the process until the specifications are all met.

7. Safety Rules

(1) The grinding wheel rotates in a very high speed, so do not try to use your hands to

touch the wheel or workpiece when the machine is running.

(2) Sparks may occur when the grinding machine is working, so you shall stay away

from the end of the machine to avoid being burnt.

(3) After the workpiece is finished, do not try to pick it up with bare hand. Gloves are

needed in case you get your fingers injured by the heat from the workpiece.

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金工实习课程标准

《金工实习》课程标准 (英文课程名称) 一、课程概述 (一)课程基本信息 注:课程基本信息在人才培养方案中查找,务与培养方案保持一致。 (二)课程性质与任务 金工实习》是绿色能源专业的一门职业核心课程。本课程实习以钳工为主,通过该实习,使学生接触生产实际,了解机械加工生产过程,获得机械制造技术的基本实践知识,得到的基本操作技能训练,为学习后续课程和将来从事相关技术工作奠定实践基础。 1 工作任务 (1)熟悉机械制造中基本的毛坯成形方法,零件加工方法及其所用的设备,工、卡、量具,材料等。初步了解常用零件的结构工艺性和加工工艺。 (2)主要工种(焊、车、钳、铣),具有独立完成简单零件制造的基本操作技能,对焊接、铣工等工种有初步的操作体会。 (3)数控加工、特种加工等新技术、新工艺,体验现代工业计算机辅助设计与制造全过程,具有初步操作数控机床与特种加工机床的技能。 (4)培养严谨求实和理论联系实际、综合运用机械制造知识与技能的能力。 (5)在实践中培养劳动观点、合作精神、经济意识,初步培养创新思维能力。。 二、课程目标 (一)总体目标 注:明确所针对的专项能力(或岗位能力)、应形成的技术的培养要求,运用知识、技术解决基础教育(或企业生产、管理)工作实际问题方面的层次要求,培养职 课程名称 金工实习 课程编码 050642023 课程类型及性质 必修课 考试/考查 考察 适用专业 绿色能源 开课单位 物理系 总学时 2周 总学分 2

业能力,掌握技术标准(规范)方面应达到的程度。 (二)具体目标 1、认识目标: 通过金工实习,使学生了解机械制造的一般过程,了解钳工的主要加工方法和在机械制造维修中的作用;熟悉各种设备和常用附件和刀具、工具、量具的安全操作使用方法。 2、能力目标: 通过金工实习,使学生具备正确使用常用工具、量具和独立完成简单零件加工能力;能够独立完成含有划线、锯割、挫削、钻孔和攻丝钳工作业件的加工;培养学生认识图纸、加工符号及了解技术条件的能力。使学生通过简单零件加工,巩固和加深机械制图知识及其应用;让学生养成热爱劳动,遵守纪律的好习惯和理论联系实际的严谨作风,拓宽专业视野,增强就业竞争力。 3社会能力目标: (1)培养学生的沟通能力及团队协作精神。 (2)培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 (3)培养学生用于创新、敬业乐也的工作作风。 (4)培养学生的自我管理、自我约束能力以及环保意识、质量意识、安全意识。 三、课程设计思路 注:主要阐述实习(见习)内容及组织实施 四、教学内容与教学要求 (一)实验(实训)教学项目内容及学时安排 项目编号项目主要教学知识点学习目标 学 时 1 实习 教育 实习概论、安全教育 养成热爱劳动,遵守纪律的好习惯 和理论联系实际的严谨作风。 2 焊接 (1)了解焊接生产的工艺过程、特点 和应用等。 (2)手工电弧焊机的性能及应用等。 (3)电焊条的组成、牌号及作用。 (4)手工电弧焊常用的焊接接头类 型、坡口形式、焊接空间位置等。 (5)了解其它焊接方法(CO2气体保 护焊、氩弧焊等)的特点和应用等。 (1)手工电弧焊: 掌握引弧、运条、 收弧的技术, 并能焊出较整齐的平 焊堆焊焊缝等。 (2)气焊:初步掌握火焰的调节,并 能焊出较整齐的焊缝等。 (3)气割:初步掌握气割的基本方 法。 6 2 车工了解切削加工的基本知识。 (2)卧式车床的型号、组成及用途。 (1)掌握卧式车床的基本操作技能 等。 8

金工实习课程标准

金工实习课程标准

《金工实习》课程标准 (英文课程名称) 一、课程概述 (一)课程基本信息 注:课程基本信息在人才培养方案中查找,务与培养方案保持一致。 (二)课程性质与任务 金工实习》是绿色能源专业的一门职业核心课程。本课程实习以钳工为主,通过该实习,使学生接触生产实际,了解机械加工生产过程,获得机械制造技术的基本实践知识,得到的基本操作技能训练,为学习后续课程和将来从事相关技术工作奠定实践基础。 1 工作任务 (1)熟悉机械制造中基本的毛坯成形方法,零件加工方法及其所用的设备,工、卡、量具,材料等。初步了解常用零件的结构工艺性和加工工艺。 (2)主要工种(焊、车、钳、铣),具有独立完成简单零件制造的基本操作技能,对焊接、铣工等工种有初步的操作体会。 (3)数控加工、特种加工等新技术、新工艺,体验现代工业计算机辅助设计与制造全过程,具有初步操作数控机床与特种加工机床的技能。 (4)培养严谨求实和理论联系实际、综合运用机械制造知识与技能的能力。 (5)在实践中培养劳动观点、合作精神、经济意识,初步培养创新思维能力。。 二、课程目标 (一)总体目标 注:明确所针对的专项能力(或岗位能力)、应形成的技术的培养要求,运用知识、技术解决基础教育(或企业生产、管理)工作实际问题方面的层次要求,培养职

业能力,掌握技术标准(规范)方面应达到的程度。 (二)具体目标 1、认识目标: 通过金工实习,使学生了解机械制造的一般过程,了解钳工的主要加工方法和在机械制造维修中的作用;熟悉各种设备和常用附件和刀具、工具、量具的安全操作使用方法。 2、能力目标: 通过金工实习,使学生具备正确使用常用工具、量具和独立完成简单零件加工能力;能够独立完成含有划线、锯割、挫削、钻孔和攻丝钳工作业件的加工;培养学生认识图纸、加工符号及了解技术条件的能力。使学生通过简单零件加工,巩固和加深机械制图知识及其应用;让学生养成热爱劳动,遵守纪律的好习惯和理论联系实际的严谨作风,拓宽专业视野,增强就业竞争力。 3社会能力目标: (1)培养学生的沟通能力及团队协作精神。 (2)培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 (3)培养学生用于创新、敬业乐也的工作作风。 (4)培养学生的自我管理、自我约束能力以及环保意识、质量意识、安全意识。 三、课程设计思路 注:主要阐述实习(见习)内容及组织实施 四、教学内容与教学要求

英语作文讲义

互动问答: 听见音,敲1;看见老师,敲2;两者都OK,敲3. 1. 在屏幕前的你是家长还是学生? 2. 你喜欢写作文吗? 3. 你在写英语作文中遇到的障碍是什么?

趣味问答: 1.Q: Which letter is a part of your face? 2. Q: Which letter is a question? 3. Q :Who is closer to you, your mum or your dad ? 4. Q: How many sides does a house have ?Ii ——eye Yy ——why Mum, because dad is father (同音词farther 更远的). Two , inside and outside .

讲在前面的: 1. 我们致力于打造服务济南市六年级学生的系列课程,以提升学习兴趣、培养学习习惯、提高学习成绩为重,帮助学生做好六升初的过渡衔接。 2. 本次集训营也为系列课程,一共8讲,希望学生和家长准时观看收听,认真记好笔记,集齐8次课程笔记,有资格参加笔记大赛,赢取奖品。

1. 不要刷屏,好好听讲 2. 手边笔记本,随听随写

Welcome to Amanda’s class!

更多模板烦请登陆:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125921931.html,/ppt/ 版权声明感谢您下载觅知网平台上提供的PPT 作品,为了您和觅知网以及原创作者的利益,请勿复 制、传播、销售,否则将承担法律责任!觅知网将对作品进行维权,按照传播下载次数进 行十倍的索取赔偿!1.在觅知网出售的PPT 模板是免版税类(RF :Royalty-Free )正版受《中国人民共和国著 作法》和《世界版权公约》的保护,作品的所有权、版权和著作权归觅知网所有,您下载的是PPT 模板素材的使用权。 2.不得将觅知网的PPT 模板、PPT 素材,本身用于再出售,或者出租、出借、转让、分销、发布或者作为礼物供他人使用,不得转授权、出卖、转让本协议或者本协议中的权利。 自我介绍 姓 名:张蕾(Amanda)简介:10年朴新教学经验累计学员6000+人次,累计课时8000+。做过教学管理工作,教材编写工作。获奖经历:2016年集团优秀教师奖2018年教师赛课一等奖2019年组内阶段赛课一等奖

2.考研英语二作文2020年讲义

考研英语二写作讲义 2020年考研英语(二)考试大纲中作文部分的描述如下: 该部分由A、B两节组成,主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共25分。 A节:题型有两种,每次考试选择其中的一种形式。 备选题包括: 1)考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。 2)考生根据所提供的汉语文章,用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要。 考生在答题卡2上作答,共10分。 B节: 要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲,写出一篇200词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提示情景的形式为图画、图表或文字等。考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分。 英语二2020年起才有小作文,总共考过2次,都是书信,均为两种类型的混合信:2020年是感谢+邀请,2020年是祝贺+建议。2020年复习重点依然是书信,注意类型的混合搭配。 ◆书信类: 基本模式 书信分为三个部分来写:称呼、正文和签名。 书信格式如下:

常用万能句:I am Zhang Wei, I am writing to you for the purpose of +V-ing. 或者:I am _______, I am writing this letter to +V. 表达建议:I am Li Ming. I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my deepest concern about____________(具体内容题目给出). I sincerely wish you consider my suggestion. 表达感谢;I am ____(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my sincere thanks. 表达道歉;My name is ______. I am writing to you for the purpose of making an apology due to my carelessness. 表达邀请;I am______(具体名字题目会给出), I am writing to you for the purpose of honorably inviting you to _______ 表达不满;I am_____(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of making a complaint about your_____ (具体事情题目会给出) 表达祝贺;I am____(具体名字题目给出). I am writing to you to express sincere congratulations on your success and happiness! 表达求职:I am Li Ming, who graduates from Shandong University. I am writing you for the purpose of obtaining the position of ____(具体职位题目会给出) 表达辞职;My name is _______(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of quitting my present job. 万能建议段:It must be pointed out that the situation of ____________ is going from bad to worse. Therefore, as far as I am concerned,first of all, Governments departments are required to take effective measures to solve this serious problem. Secondly, different classes in the society need to cooperate closely to pay attention to this problem. At last, as individuals, we should care about it and set up examples for others. 万能祝贺段:As a matter of fact, I know that you have devoted a great deal of precious time as well as energy to it. During the past valuable time and experience, you have obtained not only rich work experience but also wide-spreading interpersonal relationship. Therefore, the past experience has laid solid foundation for the present success. I wish you to accept my heartfelt(发自内心的) congratulations. In fact, I have also learned a lot from your achievement this time. You have set up a brilliant example for us to make success and realize our dreams in the near future. 万能求职段:As a matter of fact, I am quite sure that I am extremely qualified for this position. To begin with, my major learned in the college matches with this position very much. In the second place, I have got three years’ rich experience concerning this position. Thirdly, my character is not only careful but also patient. In addition, I am very open-minded person. Therefore, I consider I am the right person for this position.

专业的英文翻译

Topology 拓扑学 Differential Geometry 微分几何 Mathematical Modeling 数学模型 (Nonlinear)Ordinary Differential Equation (非线性)常微分方程 Partial Differential Equation 偏微分方程 Modern Algebra 抽象代数 Mathematical Finace 数学金融学 Basic Control Theory 控制理论基础 Functional Analysis泛函分析 Mathematical Finance 数学金融学 Real analysis 实变~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学Advanced Mathematics 高等数学 Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析 Algorithmic Language 算法语言 Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路 Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计 Audit 审计学 Automatic Control System 自动控制系统 Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论 Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术 Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础 Calculus 微积分 Catalysis Principles 催化原理 Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文献检索 Circuitry 电子线路 College English 大学英语 College English Test (Band 4) CET-4 College English Test (Band 6) CET-6 College Physics 大学物理 Communication Fundamentals 通信原理 Comparative Economics 比较经济学 Complex Analysis 复变函数论 Computational Method 计算方法 Computer Graphics 图形学原理 computer organization 计算机组成原理 computer architecture 计算机系统结构 Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术 Contract Law 合同法 Cost Accounting 成本会计 Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术 Database Principles 数据库原理 Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计

机械类专业课程名称中英文对照

机械制图 Mechanical Drawing 可编程序控制技术 Controlling Technique for Programming 金工实习 Metal Working Practice 毕业实习 Graduation Practice理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 材料力学 Material Mechanics 数字电子电路 Fundamental Digital Circuit 机械控制工程 Mechanical Control Engineering 可靠性工程 Reliability Engineering 机械工程测试技术Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering 计算机控制系统 Computer Control System 机器人技术基础 Fundamentals of Robot Techniques 最优化技术 Techniques of Optimum 工程测试与信号处理 Engineering Testing & Signal Processing 金属工艺及设计 Metal Technics & Design 机械工业企业管理 Mechanic Industrial Enterprise Management 机械零件课程设计 Course Design of Machinery Elements 投资经济学 Investment Economics 现代企业管理 Modern Enterprise Administration 市场营销学 Market Selling生产实习 Production Practice 课程设计 Course Exercise 有限元法 FInite Element

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