【考试宝典】2014年职称英语考试理工类概括大意练习题

【考试宝典】2014年职称英语考试理工类概括大意练习题

Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis

1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others.

2 During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" (余悸) from the diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I'd had a biopsy (活检) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call.

I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said, "What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant.

3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people "1 was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying '"1 have cancer." On some deep level, I don't want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this.

4 Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step.

They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy (化疗).They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can, but keep in mind that "1 don't know right now" or "I'm still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers.

5 Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don't overwhelm (使不知所措) very young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word "cancer", so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.

1. Paragraph 2 .

2. Paragraph 3 .

3. Paragraph 4 .

4. Paragraph 5 .

A Break the news as calmly as possible to children

B Break the news at your own pace

C Share the good news with your friends

D Choose language that suits you

E Follow your doctor's advice

F Be prepared for people's curiosity

5. You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying______________.

6. When breaking the news about your diagnosis, you can have______________.

7. After hearing about your diagnosis, people will ask questions______________.

8. Very young children won't feel comfortable______________.

A your own choice of words

B the word "cancer"

C the positive steps

D about the next step

E on too many answers

F with too much information

答案

1. B

2. D

3. F

4. A

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. F

The Supercomputer Network

1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked.Their computers have been connected so they can" talk" to each other.This may not seem very dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.

2 The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information.The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network.This depends on the power that your system allows you to use.The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files, how much data you can store，etc.If your computer is old and slow，accessing the information can be very difficult.

3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid"(网格技术)，and it will be a network of computers that are linked together。The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer.Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer.The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.

4 0ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want.This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.

5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant.You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you.The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information.All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.

6 At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored.While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly.Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.

23 Paragraph 2

24 Paragraph 3

25 Paragraph 4

26 Paragraph 5

A How does the "grid" work?

B Power shared

C Just make a request

D Limitations of present Internet use

E Distance is not a problem

F A new era for the Internet

27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access .

28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world.

29 The "grid" would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently .

30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next .

A the bigger computer stations

B the advantage

C ten years

D information

E your personal assistant

F fifteen years

答案：23.D 24.F 25.E 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.E 30.C

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.

Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.

These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.

Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.

For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.

KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

1. Paragraph 2 ___.

2. Paragraph 4___.

3. Paragraph 5___.

4. Paragraph 6___.

A. Keprike’s research tool

B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep

C. Criticism on Kripke’s report

D. A way of overcoming insomnia

E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

F. Classification of sleep problems

5.To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.

6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.

7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.

8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have

a higher risk of dying

A fall asleep again .

B become more energetic the following day

C sleep less than 7 hours

D confirm those serious consequences

E suffer sleep problems

F sleep more than 8 hours

【参考答案】 1.E 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.F 6.E 7.A 8. C

Ginseng Shows Benefits in Cancer Treatment

Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatiguethat cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientificallyrigorous looks at alternative medicine.

The studies reflect doctor's efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements thatare routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the NationalCenter for Health Statistics. "Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are do-ing any good

or any harm," said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and col-leagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 16I men who were scheduled to undergo sur-gery for prostate cancer. "The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed," said Dr. NancyDavidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. "Ithink this is fascinating." Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seedcoat. "We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile," said Wendy Demark-Wah-nefried, a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing, who led the study.

Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Halfof the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer ceils in both the flax-seed groups grew about g0 to 40 percent slower than the control group.

But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. "It's a healthy food. It has a lot of vita-mins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it isprotective against prostate cancer," she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if itcan prevent prostate cancer.

In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleaguestested three different does of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to liveat least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1, 000-my dose and twenty-seven percentof patients taking a 2, 000-mg does said their fatigue symptorns were "rnoderately better" or "muchbetter". Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about thesame as the placebo group. Patients on the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that wastested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. "I wouldn't have predictedthis, I have to admit," Davidson said in an interview. "We might want to test this in a large scale.

The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.

23. Paragraph 2__________

24. Paragraph 4__________

25. Paragraph 5 __________

26. Paragraph 6__________

A.the motivation offlaxseed study

B.the study on ginseng displays its good promise

C.the tots’responsibilities led them to carry out these two studies

D.ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

E.the methods and results of the study on flaxseed

F.a different opinion Oil the use of flaxseed

27. Doctors in the US wanted to know__________

28. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show__________

29. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed__________

30. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng__________

A.that led the researchers in Duke’S School of Nursing to study it

B.by giving different dose of the herb to patients with different cancers

C.whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not

D.though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines

E.that either of them iS benefieial to cancer patients

F.because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

答案：23.C 24.E 25.F 26.B 27.C 28.E 29.A 30.B

Pregnant Women Warned About ACE1 Inhibitor

Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients

for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.

Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders2. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. 3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.

The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.

ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects5. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.

New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

1. Paragraph 2______.

2. Paragraph 3______.

3. Paragraph 4______.

4. Paragraph 5______.

A Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors

B Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors

C How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women

D Damage to Pregnant Women's Future Babies

E Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors

F Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies

5. FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult______.

6. ACE inhibitors are not recommended______.

7. Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders______.

8. ACE is a risk factor to our body______.

A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow

B for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies

C that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies

D with their doctors about how to treat their problems

E because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects

F though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

【参考答案】

1.D

2.F

3.A

4.C

5.D

6.B

7.F

8.A

Air Transportation

Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft

operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.

The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U.S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.

During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of "jumbo-jet" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.

练习:

1. Paragraph 2__________.

2. Paragraph 3__________.

3. Paragraph 4__________.

4. Paragraph 5__________.

A Necessity for developing adult education

B Early days of adult education

C Ways of receiving adult education

D Growth of adult education

E Institutions of adult education

F Definition of adult education

5. Some adults want to learn _______________.

6. There are various forms of adult education, including

____________.

7. Adult education has been made necessary ___________.

8. The earliest organized adult education _______________.

A by social and economic changes

B guided self-study and correspondence courses

C by studying together with children

D what they did not manage to learn earlier

E dates back to the eighteenth century

F mass production

答案：CABDDBAE

Transport and Trade

Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.

The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of

industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

练习：

1. Paragraph 2 _________

2. Paragraph 3 _________

3. Paragraph 4 _________

4. Paragraph 5 _________

A. Higher living standard

B. Importance of transport in trade

C. Various means of transport

D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade

E. Role of information in trade

F. Public transportation

5. The development of modern means of transport _________.

6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.

7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.

8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________.

A. to send goods to various parts of the world

B. at any time during the year

C. has greatly promoted trade

D. is it possible to produce on a large scale

E. the transport of goods

F. it is possible to produce on a large scale

答案：BADECDBE

Air Transportation

Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.

The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U.S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.

During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of "jumbo-jet" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.

During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U.S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.

Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as

ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange counters and so on.

EXERCISE:

1. Paragraph 2 _____.

2. Paragraph 3 _____.

3. Paragraph 4 _____.

4. Paragraph 5 _____.

A Airport services

B Training of pilots

C Beginning period

D Rapid growth in the U.S.

E Development

F Competition

5. Air transport companies use different plans ____.

6. The United States was the country where ____.

7. The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period ___.

8. Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services ____.

A in the development of air transportation

B the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated

C to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers

D to provide different services

E the shortage of qualified pilots

F traveling by air was very cheap

KEY: C E D A D B A C

Adult Education

Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills.

This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence course, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.

Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics’ institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.

People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work of even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

练习：

1. Paragraph 2__________.

2. Paragraph 3__________.

3. Paragraph 4__________.

4. Paragraph 5__________.

A Necessity for developing adult education

B Early days of adult education

C Ways of receiving adult education

D Growth of adult education

E Institutions of adult education

F Definition of adult education

5. Some adults want to learn _______________.

6. There are various forms of adult education, including

____________.

7. Adult education has been made necessary ___________.

8. The earliest organized adult education _______________.

A by social and economic changes

B guided self-study and correspondence courses

C by studying together with children

D what they did not manage to learn earlier

E dates back to the eighteenth century

F mass production

Key:CABDDBAE

Singapore

1 Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island -the Singapore island-and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq.km.

2 Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176m.

The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20°C. The average annual rainfall is 2.413 mm, the wettest months are November through January.

3 Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by 1991 constitutional amendment (修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected.

4 In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institution of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college.

5 Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity(多样化的) of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.

1. Paragraph 2____

2. Paragraph 3____

3. Paragraph 4____

4. Paragraph 5____

A Education

B Land and climate

C State system

D Natural resources

E Economy

F Population

5. Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia_____.

6. According to the constitution of Singapore, the president of the state is selected____.

7. Compared with people in other Asian countries, the Singapore____.

8. Though small, Singapore has an industry of its own and can ____.

A live a better life

B made up of more than 50 islands

C have more farmland

D not by the Parliament, but by the people

E produce goods of various kinds

F have a big population

Keys: BCAEB DAE

Friendly Relations with the People Around

1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But，in fact， the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person

who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.

2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people

around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point， however， is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.

3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don‘t know them. When the game is over， you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling

of companionship， of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.

4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy，understanding， trust， and affection. Companions become friends when ihese ties are formed.

5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人)， you may not know with whom you will make friends， but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.

1. Paragraph 2 。

2. Paragraph 3 。

3. Paragraph 4 。

4. Paragraph 5 。

A Making friends with new acquaintances

B Close link between companionship and belongingness

C How to satisfy other people’s needs

DAn example of a satisfying relationship

E Difficulties in establishing friendships

F What companionship really is

5. If you had no one to share your feelings， your life would

be______________.

6. The warm feeling of belongingness may give you______________.

7. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you______________.

2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案

2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.

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