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自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级

Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)

———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.

A. Pythagoras

B. Democritus

C. Aristotle

D. Diogenes

2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by

Dante?

A. Plato

B. Socrates

C. Aristotle

D. Cicero

________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.

A. Thucydides

B. Herodotus

C. Socrates

D. Aristotle

4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .

A. Moses

B. Joshua

C. Saul

D. David

5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made

Christianity legal?

A. Domitian

B. Valerian

C. Constantine

D. Theodosius

6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .

A. wanderers

B. travelers

C. traders

D. merchants

7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central

Asia.

A. Turkish

B. Huns

C. Athens

D. Roman

8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the

center of trade and community activity.

A. bridge

B. church building

C. village

D. subway

9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden

city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.

A. Milan

B. Florence

C. Venice

D. the papal states

10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning

yield beauty”?.

A. Boccaccio

B. Shakespeare

C. Raphael

D. Petrarch

11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great

impact on world literature.

A. Don Quixote

B. hamlet

C. Gargantua and Pantagruel

D. Utopia

12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in

night.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.

A. Copernicus

B. Kepler

C. Newton

D. Einstein

13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England

and with ________ in France.

A. Corneille

B. Locke

C. Rousseau

D. Descartes

14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.

A. the building of monasteries

B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin

C. the setting up of the church system

D. none of the above

15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?

A. Dante was a great Italian poet.

B. Dante wrote Beowulf

C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian

D. Dante was a great political thinker

16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance

to ________ .

A. deductive reasoning

B. classical authority

C. direct observation and experiment

D. humanist learning

17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?

A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.

B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.

C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.

D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.

18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and

emotional upheaval. .

A. Sophists

B. Cynics

C. Sceptics

D. Epicureans

19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and

I will move the world.”

A. Archimedes

B. Aristotle

C. Plato

D. Euclid

20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,

not the earth, is the center of the universe.

A. Kepler

B. Galileo

C. Newton

D. Copernicus

Ⅱ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,

works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)

21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible

22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God

23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales

24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid

25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper

26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary

27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan

28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs

29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy

30.Homer [ ] (j)Odyssey

Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)

31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?

32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the

4th century B.C.in Greece?

33.What gave birth to Christianity?

34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?

35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?

36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1c7220490.html, the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.

38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?

39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition

in western art?

IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)

41.Athens’democrach

42.Beowulf

43.John Locke

44.Odyssey

V.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)

45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推

理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?

课程《欧洲文化入门》答案

Ⅰ.

1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D

11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D

Ⅱ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j

Ⅲ.

31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.

32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the

Stoics.

33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.

34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.

35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three

classes:clergy,lords and peasants.

36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain

pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.

37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.

38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.

39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.

40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.

41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but

by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.

42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the

collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.

43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,

whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.

44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island

of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.

45.

The answer as follows:

1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the

forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.

2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be

blended with is as in Scholasticism.

3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular

facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.

4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural

world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.

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