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2016年八年级英语下册第1单元---第10单元知识点总结

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一、基础知识

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？

【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.问题；事情

What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加

the

【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：

What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens

to sb.?

— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒

have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙

疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 形容词，意为太...... ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied

7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.

may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.

8. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

9. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车

10. agree 同意，赞同；

agree with sth. 同意某事如：I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如：I agree to LiLei.

11. trouble问题，麻烦；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。

12. right away=right now=at once，意为马上。

13. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建

议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advise sb. doing sth.

【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼

当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s

当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词即不加s

14. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.

clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清

洁工。

15. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。

be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.

Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：

It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.

16. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.

free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.

run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to

save his own life.

物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。

人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.

17. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

18. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性

We students should know the importance of (learning) English.

importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的

decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ;

make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。

19. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中

20. 【复习】mind意为介意，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,

Would you mind my opening the window?

21. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；

give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.

二、重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.

hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语

leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西introduce oneself 介绍……自己

【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.

如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks

一、基本知识点

1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.

也可作定语a sick child

【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.

3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人。

4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事，

The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.

5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。

They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。

6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.

lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.

7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料……

care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事

→【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的→【副词】carefully 仔细地

8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词

such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time

9. try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验

10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；

travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者

11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情

12.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事

14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for…为……筹钱

raise【动词】举起；提高；募集

15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持

16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。

make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，

You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为…；

think/find it +形容词to do sth.

17. make a difference to…对……有影响；对……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much 等修饰，如Hard-working makes much difference to study.

18. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；

have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

19. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog

20. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】excited意为兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。

21. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。

22. change【动词】变化，改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱

change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.

repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up修理=repair】

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？

Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。

Could 不是can 的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.

【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry ,I can ’t

2、take out 取出（v+ adv ）

【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边

His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .

【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走

take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下；起飞

3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？

do the dishes 洗碗

【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3】do one ’s + 名词 do one ’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业

【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？

1)Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？

用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

2)at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过

Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.

3)finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事

— Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.

5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.

足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）

【解析2】enough I don

’t have enough money with me.

足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough

for swimming.

【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn ’t kind enough to help others.

【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?

你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？

作副词

【解析】take out 拿出；取出

take 的用法：

【拓展】take 构成的短语：

take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one ’s time 不急；慢慢来 take one ’s temperature 量体温

7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.

【解析2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面

There is a bike in front of the classroom.

【辨析】

指在物体内部的前面

【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.

【注意】有the 无the 区别大：

at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看

病）

【解析3】come over 过来

【拓展】 come 短语：

come across （偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出

come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,出生于

come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快,加油 come along 走吧,过来,快点

come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！

all the time = always 一直；总是

8. I ’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......

9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语“某人（主语）也不”

⑴ neither两者都不

neither …nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

⑵表达“…也不……”则用“Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”

—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.

10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find → found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.

11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的→surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.

12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have

a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.

“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。【解析1】need v 需要

用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

①Students need ___to have_______(have) a good rest in studying. ②The watch needs__mending___(mend).

用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物

(All his friends __Shared___ his happiness when he won the match.

13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起

14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？

【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递

Please pass the paper on to the other students.

⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.

⑶ v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.

15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、

Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？

【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】

borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配【指借出去】

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.

(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

【记】 I want to __borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me,

because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.

16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.

我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。

【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。

try v 试图，设法，努力

【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.

18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?

那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？

【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。

ask for 请求，要某物

ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助

(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask

19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事

— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? — Yes, I can.

【解析2】while conj. “在……期间；当……的时候”

While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。

_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。

【注】help v 帮助→ helpful adj. 有帮助的

(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下

①I think reading is very __helpful____(help).

② __Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.

20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？

【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地

【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请

(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事

(2)invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地

21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。

【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做，制作，使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词“让某人或某物…” make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.

22.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.

他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。

【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事

have time =be free 有空

23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。

【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱

waste v “浪费”

waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱

Don’t ____waste______water. Can’t you see the sign “save water”?

24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and

get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费......

spend/pay/cost/take 花费

(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth

◆spend on= pay for 支付

He spends too much time on the computer games.

Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.

My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.

(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人

◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.

— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.

(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事

◆sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.

(4)take→took → taken v 花费

◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.

【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了”后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事

He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.

【解析3】get into =enter 进入

【拓展】与get相关的短语：

get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服

get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车

get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧

get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事

get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会

get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关：(be asleep睡着)

25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.

而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。

【解析】get older 长大

get/ become/ go辨析：

⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer.

⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.

⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿

26. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。

【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物

provide v 提供

provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物

②—Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health? —Of course, it’s my pleasure.

27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。

【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）

28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.

我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。

【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

29. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖

—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.

30. ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.

每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。

【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责【解析2】keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使......处于某种状态”

Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.

keep 系动词“保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.

实义动词“保持；继续”

(1)keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working

He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.

(2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.

31. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。

【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识

develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的

a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家China is a __developing___country.

32. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。

【解析】since conj. 既然 (表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）

.—You have been in Neijiang very long? —Yeah. __Since___my parents came here.

33. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。

take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.

【拓展】与take相关的短语：

take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take a walk散步

take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time 别着急

34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。

【解析1】as a result 结果（插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）

Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child. 【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡

35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。

【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级“越...... 越...... ”

The more you smile, the ___ happier____ you will feel.

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

1.Why don’t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？

【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢？

【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：

(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？

(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？

(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。

(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？

(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事

(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？

(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？

(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？

2.I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词许多 too many people

(2)too much +不可数名词许多 too much homework

(3)much too +形容词太… much too cold

【2013山东德州1】— What’s the matter? — I have a stomachache. Maybe I have eaten ___ tonight.

A. too much

B. too many

C. much too

【解析2】so conj. 因此 (表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用）

【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴1】18. The shops were closed_______ I didn't get any milk.

A. so

B. as

C. or

D. but

3.My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。

【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

【拓展】allow v 允许

allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking.

allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.

be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

4. What’s wrong? 怎么啦？

【解析】What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物）怎么了？

【2013四川南充】— Mum , I’m not feeling well. — Oh, dear! _____.

A. What’s wrong

B. Not at all

C. All right.

5.I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。

【解析】until 直到......时

【2013山东临沂2】 Please hold on to your dream _____ one day it comes true.

A. if

B. until

C. unless

D. though

【2013山东青岛3】 If you have trouble pronouncing these words, you can repeat them over

and over again ______ you are comfortable with them. A. unless B. if C.

until D. while

【2013浙江丽水3】—Hey, man. You can’t cross the street now. You have to wait _____ the traffic turn green.

—Oh, sorry and thank you. A. when B. after C. until D. while

6.Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢？

【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）

7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。

【解析】look 看起来（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）

【2012江苏苏州3】Some of friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to (更喜欢） what ____ nice.

A. feels

B. smells

C. looks

D. tastes

【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语

一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静

二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康

三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）

五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）

( )Jack usually gets ______ when he speaks in public. A. happily B. exciting C. worried D. tired

( ) Tom’s father looks very _____. But he is very kind. A. seriously B. serious C. friendly

You ____ call him up. 你____ 给他打电话。

【解析】call up (v + adv) call on 拜访；号召 I call up my parents every Sunday.

9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了

我的东西。

【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook

in the class.

类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel

【贵州安顺】When I went into the room, I found ___ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C.

he lies D. him was lying

【解析2】look through 浏览

【拓展】与look相关的短语：

look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through

look out look up look around look forward to

10. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。

【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气

【拓展】angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地

(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】

(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气【at后接事】

(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气

11.Although she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。

【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。

【注】though / although 不能与but连用

【2012曲靖中考】 ____ my father isn’t pleased with his working environment , he still works hard.

A. And

B. Although

C. But

D. Before

【2013福建福州】— The boy can speak both English and Japanese _________ he is only ten.

— Wow, what a clever boy!

A. if

B. because

C. although

【2013浙江】—Look! Some people are running the red lights. —We should wait _______ others are breaking the rule.

A. if

B. unless

C. although

D. because

【拓展】although/however辨析

⑴although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。

Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。

⑵ however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。

It’s raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。

【解析2】It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）

You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。

【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

【2012山东济宁】22.—Sorry, Mr. Green. I have ____ my homework at home.

—Never mind. But don't forger next time.

A. put

B. kept

C. left

D. remained

12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。

【解析1】hope v 希望

hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句（表示希望） I hope that you’ll be better soon

wish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.

wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.

wish +that 从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.

【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。

【2013四川遂宁】 The teachers encourage their students to ____ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.

A. give up

B. work out

C. look through

13.My problem is I can ’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。

【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏

【2013山西】 A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to ________ each other.

A. get on with

B. come over to

C. stay away from

【2013湖北十堰】 —What kind of persons do you prefer to make friends with?

—I choose my friends on their characters and how we __________.

A. get in

B. get up

C. get on

D. get off

14.When they argue, it ’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。

【解析1】argue 争吵

→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论

argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事

argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan

【2013辽宁锦州】—He looks unhappy today. —Let ’s _______.

A. cheer him up

B. help out him

C. look him after

D. argue with him

【解析2】 hang over 挂在......之上；悬浮在......之上

hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.

hang on to 紧紧抓住 You ’d better hang on to me in the crowd.

hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation

15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.

【2013南京2】 I ’m surprised that John is only 25. I thought he was ________ , for he seems to be in his thirties.

A. old

B. older

C. young

D. younger

【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb. be good to sb.

16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。

【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事

①The boy refused __________(go) to see his father with us.

( ) ②He refused when I asked him for help. A. said yes B. said no C. said hello

【2013浙江宁波】74. He invited her to his birthday party but she _______(拒绝).

17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.

相反，他却想看什么酒看什么，一直到深夜。

【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替

(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。

(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中

instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead. 她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。

( ) Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.

A. instead

B. instead of

C. because of

D. because

【2011江苏徐州】 We’ve got no coffee. Let’s have tea _______.

A. either

B. however

C. yet

D. instead

【2013江苏盐城】To keep fit, we should have more vegetables and fruit _________(代替) of too much meat.

【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一

【2013甘肃兰州】_________ happens, I won’t change my mind.(无论什么）

18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。

【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

【拓展】offer v 主动给予

(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物

( )The little boy _____ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus. A. offered B. brought C. lent D. took

【2013山东莱芜】 The little boy ________ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.

A. lent

B. offered

C. took

D. brought

19.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？

【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次

【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流 They communicate with each other by QQ.

( ) They can’t understand each other so they have difficulty in _____.

A. communicate

B. communicated

C. communicating

20.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。

【解析】explain 解释；说明→ explanation n 解释；说明

explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事

【江苏扬州】Mr. Wu always spends a lot of time __________(解释) things to us.

【2012浙江宁波】—Do you ________that Nancy has been a little too quiet these days?

—Yes. She didn't even say a word this afternoon. A. hope B. notice C. explain D. decide

21. I’m worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。

【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事

【拓展】worry v 担心→ worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心①Don’t be _________(worry). You’ll catch up with others.

( )② Don’t ____ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.

afraid B. worry C. worried D. Terrified

【2013绍兴】－You look _________ . What's up, sir? －I can't find my ticket, but it's time to check in.

A. sleepy

B. hungry

C. tired

D. worried

22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。

【解析】return ⑴v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......

⑵ v 回来；返回 = come back

【2012浙江宁波】He borrowed my iphone 4 and didn’t ________(归还） it to me.

23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。

【解析】press v 按；压→pressure压力

⑴不可数名词（物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压

⑵不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下

24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。

【解析】compete v竞争；对抗→ competition n 竞争

compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛We are ready for the coming ________________(compete).

25.You should all be ___ each other to improve. 你们都应该互相____ 而全面发展。

【解析】improve =make ... better 改进→improvement n 提高

26.Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来

give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。

27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。

【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes

【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时；分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时

(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，

(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.

(4)sometimes=at times 有时（一般现在时的标志词）

( ) I hope to visit the USA _____ in the future.

A. sometimes

B. some times

C. sometime

D. some time

【2013广西】At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all. so you have to be careful.

A. Sometime

B. Sometimes

C. Some time

D. Some times

28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动，这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。

【解析】 others pron. “其他的人或事物”There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。

( ) My sister is outgoing . She likes making friends with ____.

A. other

B. another

C. the other

D. others

29.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。

【解析1】The Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.

【2012广东】____ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. A. / B.A C. An D. The

【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of “是……的特点”

30. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.

或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。

【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv) You’d better cut out that sentence.

cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应

( ) Don’t ___ when others talk; it’s impolite. A. cut out B. cut in C. cut down D. cut off

31. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。

【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到→success n 成功

→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

◆succeed in doing sth

①If at first you don’t ____________(success) . try, try again.

② She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.

A. successful; pass

B. success ;passing

C. succeed; passing

D. successful; passing

【2013甘肃兰州】 Details decide ______ (成功) or not. If we take everything seriously, we’ll achieve our goals.

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5.Mr.，Mrs.，Miss.和Ms. Mr.['mist?(r)]先生 Miss.[mis]小姐，女士;(年轻未婚女子) Mrs.['misiz]太太;夫人(用于已婚妇女姓名前) Ms.[miz]女士 6.?IsheJack?他是杰克吗? Yes,heis.是的，他是。 No,heisn’t.Hisname’sMike.不，他不是。他的名字叫迈克。 7.?AreyouHelen?你是海伦吗?

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