10.英语语言学 考试大纲
《英语语言学》课程考试大纲
课程编码：开课学期
课程类别：学时：学分：
一、考试大纲的性质
1、指导思想
为了正确、客观、真实地评价高等师范院校英语专业本科生的成绩，提高现代语言学的教学质量，促进语言学教学的全面改革，采用标准化考试对学生进行语言学知识水平测试。
2、大纲依据
①根据本课程所使用的教材
②根据淮南师范学院外语系2006年编写的《〈英语语言学〉课程教学大纲》。
二、考试内容
●语言学的定义、语言学的研究范畴、语言学研究中的几对基本概念、语言的定义、语
言的区分性特征
●语音学三个分支：发声语音学、听觉语音学和声学语音学、宽式和严式标音法、英语
语音的分类、音系学和语音学的区别与联系、音位对立、互补分布．最小对立对、音系学规则、超切分特征
●形态学的定义、语素、语素的类型、复合词的类型、特征
●句法：传统学派、结构主义学派、生成学派（只做一般要求）、功能学派（只做一般
要求）
●语义学的定义、语义研究的几种主要理论、词汇意义、主要的意义关系、句子间的语
义关系、意义分析：成分分析、述谓结构分析
●语用学的定义、语用学和语义学联系与区别、语境、句子意义和话语意义、言语行为
理论、会话原则
●心理语言学的定义、语言理解和产生的过程、基本的话语/语篇解释理论与方法
●文学语言（诗歌、小说、戏剧等）的一般特征和文学语言的分析方法、语篇分析的理
论与方法、文体学的基本理论
●语言、思维、社会和文化的联系与区别、萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说、社会语言学相关理论
与方法
●语言学和外语教学的关系、不同的语言学观点以及它们在语言教学上的价值、教学大
纲的设计的基本要求、内容和方法、错误分析的程序及其意义、两种不同的测试方法、测试的类型、有效测试的必要条件、测试的内容和形式、评分和对分数的解释
●现代语言学理论与流派：布拉格学派、伦敦学派、美国结构主义、转换生成语法、修
正还是反叛
三、考试要求
学完本课程后，学生应理解英语语言体系和它的各个组成部分，尤其是本考试大纲中限定的主要知识点。学生应能运用语言学的理论对语言的结构和表达形式进行分析和解释，为从事英语教学和研究打下初步的理论基础。
四、命题的相关要求
1.命题内容：教学的全部内容和与本课程有关的理论知识，技能和科研成果，并要体现素质教育的要求，对那些指定阅读的书目中相关的考试内容以教材为主。
2.命题原则: 遵循“大题量、广覆盖、题型多样、难度适宜”的原则。
大题量：题量要适当增大，但要使大多数学生能在规定时间内作完。
广覆盖：试题覆盖面要宽，应涉及该学期教学的内容，既要考核学生对技术理论，基本知识，基本技能的掌握程度，又要考核学生的创造力、分析问题和解决问题的能力，还要考核学生对本课程相关的知识技能最新成果的掌握情况及创造能力。
题型多样：每套试卷试题类型一般以3-6种为宜，不应出现试题类型单一现象。（见附录）难度适宜：命题要难易适度，一般基本题约占60%，综合试题约占30%-35%，难度较大的试题约占5%-10%，既不能出偏题怪题，也不能局限书本范围，应做到能真实地检验出教与学的质量。
五、考试方法及用时
考试方法：笔试。考试用时按学院统一要求，一律用英语答题。
六、主要参考书目
●胡壮麟主编，Linguistics: A Course Book，北京大学出版社，2001年3月。
●胡壮麟主编，《语言学教程》（中译本），北京大学出版社，2002年８月。
●戴炜栋编，《简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，2002年７月。
●刘润清，《西方语言学流派》，北京，外语教学与研究出版社，2002年11月。
●George Yule, The Study of language, Foreign Language Teaching&Research Press, 2000. ●David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1985.
附录题型举例
I. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration:
l. homonymy
2. overgeneralization
II. Indicate the following statements true or false:
( ) l. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language that can be used independently.
( )https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1710084107.html,nguage and culture have evolved together and therefore we can conclude quite reasonably that the language of a modern culture is far superior to that of a primitive culture.
III. Fill in each of the fol1owing blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: l. Social changes are most quickly reflected in the v of a language.
2. The pronunciation of the sound / p / in [pit] and [spit] differ in the aspect of a .
IV. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
l. The situation in which two or more languages are used side by side is referred to as .
A. diglossia
B. Bilingualism
C. pidginization
D.blending
2. Because it distinguishes meaning, voicing is a phonological feature in .
A. English
B. Chinese
C. both English and Chinese
D. all known languages
V. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary:
l. How, in your opinion, does phonology differ from phonetics?
2. Sentences are believed to be both lineaT1y and hierarchically structured. Tree
diagrams are often used to illustrate such structures. Draw a tree diagram for the following statement:
I saw young men and women in the cafeteria.
VI. Translate the following linguistic terms into Chinese and English respectively.
1.derivational morpheme
2.entailment
3.自由变体
4.最小对立体
VII. Each of the following statements has four parts underlined and marked A, B, C and D. Identify the ONE underlined part that is wrong and correct it. Write the corresponding letter and your corrections within the bracket.
1.Articulatory phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs in producing
A B
the sounds of speech; acoustic phonetics studies the way the sounds of speech are
C
perceived by the human ear. ( )
D
VIII. Complete the following passage with proper words or expressions.
Part of one’s knowledge of a language is knowledge of the _______ system---the _______ of that language. The phonology of the language includes the inventory of _________. The phonetic segments that occur in the language, and the ways in which they pattern. It is this patterning that determines the inventory of the more __________ phonological units, the __________ of the language. Phonemes are the segments used to differentiate by ________. When phones occur in _____, they are _________-----predictable phonetic ___________----of phonemes.
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英语专业语言学考试试题 Information for the examinees: This examination consists of Four sections. They are: Section I: Content Awareness of the Course (30 points, 20 minutes) Section II: General Principles of Language and Linguistics (30 points, 25 minutes) Section III: Some Specific Aspects of Language and Linguistics (20 points, 35 minutes) Section IV: Analysis and Application (20 points, 40 minutes) The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours. You must write all your answers on the Answer Sheet. Section I: Content Awareness of the Course 30 points I. Choose the best answer to complete the following statements. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points, 1 point for each item) 1. "Historical linguistics" seeks to provide scientific evidence ( ) A. of the reasons for human speech B. of human habitation in Africa C. why there are many world languages D. concerning the origins of speech 2. Which of the following does NOT have something to do with the production of speech sounds? ( ) A. Organic analysis B. Linguistic analysis C. Acoustic analysis D. Phonetic analysis 3. In determining the symbolic nature of language humans( ) A. examine Braille and signs B. examine the media and signs C. examine the language of the media D. examine the language itself 4. The aims of Unit 4 are to understand that language functions in the world ( ) A. through the use of naming devices and education B. by people experiencing abstractions in education C. based on experience, abstraction and symbolism D. through symbolic and abstract experiences 5. The aim of Unit 5 is for students to understand that speech acts( ) A. need to be defined precisely through oral actions B. need to be terminated under appropriate circumstances C. need to be defined, analysed and comprehended D. need to be analysed by definition and example: 6. Generally speaking, 脸and 面子is: ( ) A. more important for teenage girls than boys B. something teenagers don"t worry about C. not the same for adults as for teenagers
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一、课程性质及其设置目的与要求 （一）课程性质和特点 《英语语言学概论》课程是我省高等教育自学考试英语专业（本科段）的一门重要的专业理论课程，其任务是培养应考者系统地学习英语语言学的基本知识，掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论，了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用，熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物；通过该课程的学习，考生可以从不同的角度了解语言（的性质），了解语言学习和语言教学，为日后进一步学习语言学、从事语言教学实践和语言学研究打下扎实基础。本课程的特点是：专业术语多，概念多，内容抽象，所以，考生最好在学习本课程之前先学习提高语言读写能力的课程，如高级英语、泛读（三）、写作等，这样可以减少语言障碍，有利于学好语言学的理论知识。 （二）本课程的基本要求 本课程共分为本书共分四编，计十三章。第一编（一至二章）介绍了语言和语言学；第二编（三至八章）介绍了语言学的主要分支—语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学；第三编（九至十二章）为跨学科领域与应用—话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学，以及语言学理论与外语教学；第四编（十三章）介绍了现代语言学流派。通过对本书的学习，要求应考者对英语语言学有一个全面和正确的了解。具体应达到以下要求： 1、掌握语言的性质、功能，以及语言学的研究范围、语言学的分支和重要的语言学概念； 2、掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论； 3、了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用； 4、熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物。 （三）本课程与相关课程的联系 英语语言学概论是一门基础理论课程，其含盖范围很广，既涉及语言系统内部的语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学，又涉及许多交叉学科，如话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学、应用语用学（包括语言学理论与外语教学），以及本教程未涉及的神经认知语言学、计算机语言学、人工智能与机器翻译等。语言学的进一步研究甚至会涉及到哲学、逻辑学等领域。 在自考课程中，词汇学与语言学关系最为密切，词汇学的许多概念、理论和研究方法都来源于语言学。高级英语、泛读（三）、写作、翻译等课程则是学好语言学的基础。文学与语言学并非对立的关系，这两个领域的研究方法可以互相补充、互相借鉴，日后无论从事语言学还是文学研究，这两个领域都必须同时涉猎。 二、课程内容与考核目标
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的 第一部分选择题 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2） 五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分) 36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.
37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age 英语语言学试题（3） Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%) 41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related. 英语语言学试题（5） 五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)
英语语言文学专业基础
英语语言文学专业基础 本科目包括英语语言学基础、英美文学基础知识、英语国家概况、英汉互译四部分内容，总分150分，其中英语语言学基础15分，英美文学基础知识70分，英语国家概况15分，英汉互译50分。 I、英语语言学基础（15分） 一、考试要求和内容 该部分主要考查普通语言学的基本概念和基本理论。 二、考试题型 填空题、选择题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《新编简明英语语言学教程》，戴炜栋、何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社，2002。 II、英美文学基础知识（70分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对有关英美文学的基本概念、主要流派、基础知识的理解和掌握情况，以及运用所学的基础理论知识分析、评论简单的文学文本。 二、考试内容 1、英国文学部分 1）古英语诗歌的形成、发展及主要文本。 2）英国中世纪文学的形成和发展、主要诗人及其作品。 3）英国文艺复兴时期的文学：“文艺复兴”产生的历史背景、定义及其主要特征、对英国文学的影响、主要作家及其作品。 4）新古典主义时期（十八世纪）英国文学：启蒙运动形成的原因、启蒙运动的定义、特征及其对英国文学的影响、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 5）浪漫主义时期（十九世纪早期）英国文学：英国浪漫主义文学形成的历史背景、浪漫主义诗歌的主要作家及其作品、浪漫主义小说的主要作家及其作家品、浪漫主义散文的主要作家及其作品。 6）维多利亚时期（十九世纪中后期）英国文学：英国现实主义文学形成发展的历史背景、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 7）现代时期（二十世纪）英国文学：英国现代主义文学形成的历史背景、现代主义文学的主要流派、这一时期主要作家及其作品。 2、美国文学部分 1）早期的美国文学：清教主义文学形成与发展、早期美国文学的主要作家及其作品。 2）浪漫主义时期的美国文学：早期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品、超验主义时期的主要作家几作品、后期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品。 3）现实主义时期的美国文学：美国现实主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、美国现实主义文学与自然主义文学的异同、这一时期主要的作家及作品。 4）现代时期的美国文学：美国现代主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、战后美国文学的形成与发展、现代时期美国文学的主要作家及作品。 三、考试题型 填空题、单项选择题、匹配题、名词解释题、文本分析题。 四、参考书 《英国文学简史》（新增订本），刘炳善，河南人民出版社，2007； 《美国文学简史》（第2版），常耀信，南开大学出版社，2003 III、英语国家概况（15分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对英美国家的地理、历史、政治、文化、社会习俗、宗教群体、价值观念以及该国人民的思想态度和生活方式的掌握情况。 二、考试题型 填空题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《英美概况》（上、下册），张奎武主编，吉林科学技术出版社，2003 IV、英汉互译（50分）
英语语言学复习重点
英语语言学复习重点1 Chapter one Introduction 一、定义 1.语言学Linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.普通语言学General Linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics. 3.语言language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。 4.识别特征Design Features It refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. 语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。Arbitrariness任意性 Productivity多产性 Duality双重性 Displacement移位性 Cultural transmission文化传递 ⑴arbitrariness There is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions ⑵Productivity Animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send. ⑶Duality Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels. ⑷Displacement Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. ⑸Cultural transmission Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species. 5.语言能力Competence Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 6.语言运用performance Performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. 语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。 7.历时语言学Diachronic linguistics The study of language change through time. a diachronic study of language is a historical study, which studies the historical development of language over a period of time. 8.共时语言学Synchronical linguistics The study of a given language at a given time. 9.语言langue The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. 10.言语parole The realization of langue in actual use. 11.规定性Prescriptive It ai ms to lay down rules for ”correct” behavior, to tell people what they should say and what should not say. 12.描述性Descriptive A linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use. 二、知识点 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1710084107.html,nguage is not an isolated phenomenon, it’s a s ocial activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings. 语言不是一种孤立的现象，而是人类在一定的社会环境下进行的一种社会活动。 2.几种观点和现象的提出者： ⑴瑞士语言学家F.de Saussure F.de Saussure:Langue和parole的区别 ⑵U.S.A linguist N.Chomsky美国语言学家N.Chomsky in1950针对Saussure’s langue&parole提出Competence和performance ⑶曾经对语言概念下过定义的语言学家
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