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财经英语-Unit+8[1]

财经英语-Unit+8[1]
财经英语-Unit+8[1]

Brands-In an Age of Anti-Americanism Gerry Khermouch, Diane Brady, Stanley Homes, Moon lhlwan, Manjeet Kripalani, and Jennifer Picard

1.Park Young Hoon of Seoul was quick to clench his fist and yell

(叫喊)slogans against George W. Bush earlier this year in a giant rally denouncing(公开指责)the U.S. President?s tough policy on North Korea. But that doesn?t mean the 33-year-old computer engineer is willing to loosen his grip(控制)on his favorite American coffee or cola.“Calling for political independence from the U.S. is one thing, and liking American brands is another,”he says.“Of course I like IBM ,Dell, Microsoft, Starbucks ,and Coke.”

2.Luckily for the stewards of America?s largest brands, plenty of

other consumers around the world are making the same distinctions. America?s go-it-alone (单干)attitude in recent years, which has shaped its position on everything from environmental issues to Iraq, has aroused plenty of anti-U.S. sentiment (态度), So far, however, that antipathy (反感) is not spilling over into a widespread rejection of U.S. hamburgers or packaged goods.

Yemeni students were out burning the American flag, chanting(反

复有节奏叫喊) …killing the American s?in early March,”notes Jack Valenti, CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America.

“As soon as the theaters opened at 7 p.m., bingo因出乎意料的成功而兴奋的叫声, they were all in there.”Indeed ,overseas box-office(票房的) receipts for American movies have been cresting at near-record highs this year despite mounting anger against the country in which the films were proud.

3.Whatever the world thinks of the U.S. these days, American

labels (标签) dominate this year?s annual Business Week/ Interbrand Corp. ranking of the 100 most valuable global brands.

U.S. brands claimed 62 places, including 8 of the top 10 spots.

The ranking is based on a detailed analysis of how much of each product?s sales are driven by the brand name, weighted for such other factors as market leadership, stability, and the ability to cross national borders.

4.Just because America brands dominate doesn?t mean foreign

brands aren?t also moving up the ranks. Samsung Electronics, SAP, L?Oreal, and Toyota posted some of the biggest gains on the list. And consumers were clearly paying attention to current events. Another year of corporate scandals (丑闻) and mediocre

(普通的) stock market returns chipped away(削掉) at the value of such brands as JP Morgan, Merrill Lynch ,and Morgan Stanley.

5.Those that have suffered the steepest valuation declines –such as

Ford, down 16%, to $17.1 billion, or Kodak, down 19% ,to $7.8 billion –are less the victims of a tense(拉紧的) political climate than of stumbles(出错) under the weight of quality issues, mistargeted products, or other fundamental business problems.

Some, such as Levi?s and McDonald?s, are racking up (得分) higher sales growth overseas than at home. The names that dominate the roster(花名册), such as top-ranked Coke and No.2 Microsoft, are global player that rise above the noise of political dissent(不同意) to appeal to consumer everywhere.

6.What is it, exactly, that?s k eeping U.S. brands aloft (高高在上)?

Credit a combination of smart brand management and sheer(完全的)luck. That American brands are born and nurtured in the word?s largest and most eclectic(兼收并蓄的) economy confers(赋予) a huge advantage. By the time they venture overseas, issues of quality, consistency, and logistics have largely been resolved(下决心的). And many brands have been in the global marketplace for so long that few consumers can say with any certainty where they originated.

7.At the same time, American marketers have worked hard to

imbue(使…充满感情) their products with American values that are still attractive overseas.” I think the core values of Levi?s ---- democracy, freedom, independence--- are certainly viewed as the best of America and its virtues(美德),” says Le vi Strauss & Co.

CEO Philip A. Marineau, whose brand still struggles at home but is coveted(觊觎) in markets such as Asia.

8.Far more important, marketers have learned to weave(编织)

their products into the local culture by hiring local manager and adapting everything from packaging to serving sizes to flavors(风味) to the local market. Thus, McDonald?s Corp. sells aloo tikka in Bombay, teriyaki burgers in Tokyo, the flatbread McArabia in Amman, and kosher (尤太教规定允许的) Mc-Nuggets in Tel Aviv. Despite continued tens ions in the Middle East, that?s where the company saw some of its strongest sales growth over the past year. Many brands also try to cement (加强) their local ties by taking on ambitious community-service programs such as Coco-Cola Co.?s educational grants m ade through the Palestinian Authority and donations to environmental causes in Spain.

9.For a taste of how U.S. brands are sold, look at Pepsi in India. It?s

still the same soda pop that flows in American, but with a distinctly(明显地) Indian twist(曲折). Pepsi-Co has nurtured a homegrown image by sponsoring the hugely popular sport of cricket(板球), using local celebrities(名流) in ads and filling its senior management slots(职位) with Indian talent. It has also taken community involvement to another level with such ventures as growing tomatoes and exporting chili(红辣椒) paste with the state government of Punjab. Pepsi?s local slogan, “Yeh Dil Maange More!” (This Heart Wants More!), is so popular that an Indian army major (少校) famously shouted in the snowy Himalayan valleys after a key victory against the Pakistanis in the 1998 Kargil war.

10.For other brands, however, victory overseas means adhering(坚持)

strictly to the formulas that propelled(推动) them to the top in the U.S. Take Dell Inc., which added 12% in brand value this year, to $10.4 billion. It has strived to replicate exactly the model that made it famous at home. That means mass customization, direct-to-the-buyer sales, and fast turnaround(快速转换). The temptation to adapt to local conditions or lessen standards may be great, especially as European buyers have been slow to shop via the Internet and the less efficient payment practices of China

mean buyers wait days before their Dell PC is shipped. But being

a bulldog(斗牛犬) can pay off(取得报偿). Today, Dell is the

largest foreign seller of PC in China and is going strong in Europe.

11.Some brands have overcome an anti-American prejudice(偏见)

by appealing to shared values. Nike Inc.?s “Just do it” message of individual empowerment(授权) and athletic achievement plays as well in Jakarta as it does in Jefferson City.The emotional appeal has proven specially powerful in regions such as Western Europe and Asia, where Nike is racking up(得分) the greatest sales growth.

12.Not every brand, of course has found it easy to navigate overseas.

Some misread demand; others get hung up(棘手头寸) on cultural differences. And a number simply become too stretched to maintain the quality and service that drove them to the top at home. Starbucks Corp saw its brand gain 9% in value,to$2.1 billion, this year, but that was largely on the strength of double-digit gains in the U.S., where sales of everything from its compilation(编辑物)CDS to bottled Frappuccino are booming (急速发展的). “The equity of the brand has gone well beyond a cup of coffee”,says Chairman Howard D. Schultz. Its 1600

overseas stores are net money losses, however. Analysts attribute the losses to high startup costs, stiff(艰难的) competition, and less interest in the so-called Starbucks experience. Schultz blames the setbacks(挫折) on temporary growth pains and economy.

13.The problems have been far worse for U.S .carmakers. Not only

are they losing traction(牵引动力) in foreign markets but their home turf(地盘) has long since been invaded by Asian and European competitors offering higher quality and better design, often at lower prices. Toyota gained 7% in brand value, surpassing its American rivals at $20.8 billion. Over the past 12 months, the Toyota brand has gained $1.3 billion in value, while Ford has lost $3.3 billion. The next big auto name on the list: Honda, which increased 4%, to $15.6billion. The brands of General Motors and Chrysler which are less global, can?t even crack(打开) the top 100.

14.As the car rankings show, a brand?s popularity is only partly a

result of careful grooming(准备). Quality can?t be fa ked, and many shoppers outside the U.S. really only care about a good deal.” If something is useful we buy it, whether it?s made in the U.S, China, or elsewhere,” notes student Heather Kam, while

sipping a Caffe Mocha in Beijing Starbucks.

15.There?s another reason consumers overseas can rage against

(对。。。大发脾气)U.S. foreign policy one minute and relax with a Bud(苞,花蕾)the next .Some products have become so widespread that many people are only vaguely aware of their countries of origin. Ahmad Tarouat, a 23-year-old Parisian salesman may insist that he will never ingest(吞下)a Big Mac because “McDonald?s stands for American imperialism(帝国主义),” but he seems oblivious(未察觉)to origin of the Nike sneakers on his feet or the pack of Marlboro Lights in his hands.

16.He?s no t alone. In surveys, consumers routinely guess that

Heineken is German (it?s really Dutch) and that Nokia is Japanese (it?s Finnish). Nestle, a Swiss brand, found itself on some Arab boycott lists of American products during the Iraq war. And few know that Hagen-Dazs and Estee Lauder were actually born in the U.S. Even where consumers can correctly identify the national origin of a multinational brand, they are more inclined to think of it as global rather than American or Japanese, according to research by RoperASW.

17.U.S, corporations know that it takes more than translated slogans

to win over a local population. As Jeffrey R. Immelt, chairman and CEO of General Electric Co., has noted: “We are a global company,[so] we want to present a global face to our c ustomers .”

For Immelt, that has meant pushing more diversity(差别)through the ranks and, where possible, putting foreign talent into key management slots –and not just in their home countries. GE has watched its brand value increase 2% this year, to $ 42.3 billion, despite a tough economy.

18.Another area is getting increasing attention from American brand

owners: the need to be perceived(理解)as responsible global citizens. That can mean everything from giving founding to rural schools, as Coca-Coca has done, to plowing resources into fixing environmental problems. True, established companies have long done that at home. But many are infamous(臭名昭著的) for bad behavior abroad, from substandard(标准以下的) conditions in factories to landscapes denuded (使赤裸) by manufacturing.

19. In a global village, that kind of bad publicity anywhere can erode

the value of a brand. A grassroots complaint can garner(collect) a global audience if it?s a directed at a big name.

20.The world is a fast-changing and fickle(无常的) place where big

names can quickly and sometimes irrevocably(不可撤销地) slide in favor. New competitors or louder anti-Americanism may yet send the value of American brands plunging(突进的). But so far they are still finding ways to connect with consumers everywhere.

In the end, the most effective tactics(战术) are surprisingly simple. Take a look at one of Coke?s hit commercials this year, which centers around a guitarist on a subway playing a melancholy(悲伤的) tune until a kid hands him a Coke. After a long slug(投币), he launches into a remixed version of the old mambo(曼波音乐) tune Chihuahua(吉娃娃,产于墨西哥的狗) and soon has everyone on the subway chanting “Chihuahua!”

Sure, it was made in Spain. But when Coke aired it in other parts of Europe, it found commuters(上下班往返的人) there were chanting in unison(一致地), too.

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