研究生 英语 翻译 备考

Literature Reading and Translation

英译汉

No.1

This is a process of discarding the dross and selecting the essential, eliminating the false and retaining the true, proceeding from the easy to the difficult and from the outer to the inner.

这是一个去粗取精、去伪存真、由易到难、由表及里的过程。

No.2

Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be frequently applied in English-Chinese translation include:

一般来说，值得我们关注并被频繁应用于英译汉中的基本翻译技巧包括。。。No.3

He is the last man for such a job.

他最不适合这份工作。

No.4

It’s been proved again and again in history that some powers always tried to dominate and bully other small and weak countries.

历史无数次证明，大国总想控制和威吓弱小国家。

No.5

Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.

健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人幸福。

No.6

His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff.

他的飞机在起飞后仅七英里就发生了引擎故障。

No.7

Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very large lift force in order to sustain the aircraft.

现代飞机如此的重以至于为了支撑飞机飞行，机翼必须产生强大的升力。

No.8

Inspired by these ideas, in 1752 Franklin developed a practical lighting rod.

1752年，富兰克林受此启发，发明了实用的避雷针。

No.9

A hypothesis is a specific statement developed by a scientist from observations.

假设是科学家从观察中得出的特殊论断。

No.10

Until the domain theory of magnetism was developed, they did not have much success.

他们直到提出了主流磁学理论才有所成就。

No.11

To develop the capabilities of geophysical prospecting, the renewal of the techniques and equipment is the first thing to be considered.

为了提高地球物理学的勘探能力，技术和设备的更新乃首要条件。

No.12

Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed.

大多数钱来自于他转让培育土豆新品种的技术秘密。

No.13

As young Goddard grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis.

随着Goddard步入成年，他患上了结核病。

No.14

We must develop all the natural substances in our country which can make us rich.

我们应该开发我国所有的自然资源，这会让我们变得富有。

No.15

Several attempts have been made through the years to develop the deposit.

这些年，为了开采矿床，我们已经尝试了很多办法。

No.16

In developing a design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.

为了进行一项设计，这个工程师必须应用其工程学和材料学的知识。

No.17

To laugh off one’s head.

笑掉大牙

No.18

One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。

No.19

To add fuel to the fire.

火上浇油

No.20

Walls have ears.

隔墙有耳

No.21

Blood is thicker than water.

血浓于水。

No.22

They insist on an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.

他们坚持“以眼还眼，以牙还牙”。

No.23

We’re not talking about the castle in the air, I mean something we’re all shared.

我们并不是在谈论什么空中楼阁，我指的是一些大家都有份的事情。

No.24

Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.

夜贼需要一点亮光来辨认四周，于是轻步穿过房间，点亮了带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。No.25

I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury, I got a chaise for town, but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of it in a hurry. I got to the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed.

接来函后，不到十分钟，我骑马动身了。到达Canterbury，换乘四轮马车进镇，但一场雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，一时不能痊愈。大约中午到达财物委员会，要做的第一件事，就是刮脸换衣。

No.26

As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that the translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his/her version both accurate in meaning and idiomatic in expression. In fact it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.

依据翻译原则，译者不应该给原文增添任何意义，也不应删减原文中的任何意义。但是，这并不意味着译者必须克制不能增添必要的词语使译文既准确表达原文的思想，又符合地道的表达习惯。事实上，正是为了“忠实表达”原文作者的思想，我们才经常运用“增词”技巧。

No.27

The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest.

最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。

No.28

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实，讨论使人睿智，写作使人准确。

No.29

However carefully boiler casings and steam pips are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost.

尽管锅炉壳与蒸汽管严密封闭，还是有一部分热会损耗掉。

No.30

Education may help to improve the backwardness in an area.

教育可以帮助改善一个地区的落后状况。

No.31

The rushing of these boys was pardonable, but costly.

这些男孩的莽撞行为是可以原谅的，但是为此付出的代价却是昂贵的。

No.32

The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.

论文总结了计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。

No.33

The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, modern and without echoes.

这个会议室有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、设备现代化和无回音。

No.34

The advantage of the recently developed composite materials are corrosion resistant, cost efficient, long service time, energy saving and without environmental pollution.

最新研发的复合材料具有以下五大优势：抗腐蚀、性价比高、寿命长、节能、环保。

No.35

I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

我曾经遇到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。No.36

When it comes to recycling, Germans are the world champions.

在废物回收利用方面，德国人在世界上首屈一指。

No.37

Theory is something but practice is everything.

理论固然重要，实践更重要。

No.38

History make men wise; poems witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

No.39

Old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust and old authors to read.

枯木易燃，陈酒弥香，老友可信，经典必读。

No.40

White lies don’t hurt.

善意的谎言不害人。

No.41

They went in to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.

他们进入餐室用餐。美酒佳肴，顿受感染，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满有好之情。

No.42

With the weather so stuffy, ten to one it’ll rain presently.

天这样闷，八成要下雨。

No.43

Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.

同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。

No.44

Order is order, we cannot complain, we cannot bargain, we cannot question and we cannot suggest change.

命令就是命令，不得抱怨，不得讨价还价，不得质疑，，不得建议更改。

No.45

The couple are aware that they are on shaky ground and pretty close to divorce.

这对夫妻很清楚他们的婚姻基础摇摇欲坠，距离婚只一步之遥了。

No.46

It is only the ignorant who despise education.

只有愚昧无知之人才会蔑视教育。

No.47

The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.

独乐乐不如众乐乐。

No.48

These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.

这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。

No.49

Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man.

人类对科学的探索，对知识的寻求，其结果是使自己具有了躲避天灾人祸的能力。No.50

Anyone who uses a mark so similar to a registered trademark that it is likely to cause customer confusion is an infringer and can be sued in a state or federal court. In deciding whether there is infringement, the court compares the conflicting trademarks as to similarity in sound, appearance, and meaning, and compares the similarity of the goods and services. Other relevant factors include whether the competing parties’ goods are sold to similar customer s, through similar channels of trade, and the frame of the marks. Unlike patent or copyright infringement, trademark infringement is defined solely by the likely confusion of customers. The usual remedy after a court trial finding trademark infringement is an injunction prohibiting the infringer from using its mark.

任何人使用与注册商标类似的标记，并由此可能会混淆消费者识别力的做法叫做侵权，会受到州法院或联邦法院的起诉。法院在确定是否有侵权行为时，要对相关商标从声音、外形以及意义等方面进行比较。还要比较其商品及服务的相似性。其他相关因素还包括：有争议的双方的商品是否通过类似的销售渠道售给类似的消费者，以及商标的知名度等。商标侵权不同于专利侵权或版权侵权。商标侵权的唯一界定标准是看它是否可能会混淆消费者的识别力。在法院判定某商标侵权

之后，通常最好的处置办法是责令停止使用该侵权商标。

No.51

We take it as a common rule that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb; while in Chinese, it’s not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.

英语中的一般语法规则是，一个英语句子中只包含一个谓语动词，而在汉语中一个简单句子出现几个动词是很常见的事情。

No.52

These staff members worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

这些工作人员每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是暗淡的油灯。

No.53

Tom was found unconscious on a beach, with a pair of sunglasses on and in swimsuit.

Tom被发现昏迷在沙滩上，当时他戴着太阳镜，穿着泳衣。

No.54

The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.

设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。

No.55

He was unaware of his mistakes and felt resentful of being criticized. 他没意识到自己的错误，对别人的批评愤愤不平。

No.56

He skimmed over the lawn, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the room.

他跑过草坪，登上楼梯，穿过走廊，进入房间。

No.57

The speaker called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppression of the world.

演讲者呼吁人民打倒帝国主义，废除人剥削人的制度，解放全世界受压迫的人民。No.58

No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.

难怪老一辈的许多人一看见它就会想到36年前的往事。

No.59

Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.

通读美国为摆脱英国统治、争取国家独立的革命斗争的堂皇纪事，也很难得知这样一个事实：第一个为美国独立捐躯者原来是个黑人。

No.60

A contract is believed to take place when an offer is made and then accepted. All contracts must be entered into both willingly and freely.

要约一旦被承诺，合同就成立。所有合同的签订必须本着自愿自由的原则。No.61

A valid contract must be agreed by parties concerned; supported by consideration; made by parties having the capacity to contract; based on these parties genuine assent; grounded in a legal undertaking and expressed in proper form, if applicable.

有效合同必须具备以下六个条件：（1）必须是双方同意的；（2）必须有对价；（3）缔约人具有民事行为能力；（4）双方意思表示真实；（5）合同的内容合法；（6）如有需要用适当的方式表达。

No.62

Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.

人们早就怀疑大气层中有一个高温带，其中心在距地面约30英里高的地方。利用火箭加以研究以后，这一奇异的事实已得到了证实。

No.63

Heart-warming 暖人心的；inconsistency of deeds with words 言行不一。No.64

The Chinese are justifiably proud of their economic achievement made in the past 30 years.

中国人为他们在过去的30年里在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合情合理的。No.65

With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.

由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信。但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。

No.66

I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.

我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。

No.67

It was natural that their conversation turned to the tragic event that had taken place there a month before.

他们的话题转到一个月前在那里发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事情。

No.68

They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the peace talk.

他们试图把和谈破裂的罪名加在我们头上，但没有得逞。

No.69

This tea-party was given by Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of The Thames, London.

这个茶会是由伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者史密斯先生举行的。

No.70

There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and

the people I met.

我们访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。

No.71

Can you forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and south, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

你们能不能不分东西南北，建立起一个反对这些敌人的强大的全球性联盟，以保证全人类生活得更加美好？你们是否愿意参与这一具有历史意义的行动？

No.72

As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled.The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the side from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a serious of valves.

石油是在地下发现的，所以只研究地表是不能确定是否有石油，必须对地下的岩层进行地质勘探。如果发现某岩层中可能含有石油，就会搭建一个钻井平台。钻井台最明显的部分是井架，是用来升高提油管，然后放入已经钻好的井里。钻井过程中，一边钻井，一边在井里安装钢制管道以防止两边的泥土滑落，如果钻出油，管口会被封住，让油经过多道阀门流出。

No.73

The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.

他在青少年时期留下的自卑感永远也消除不掉。

No.74

It’s universally agreed that time children spent in front of the TV set must be strictly rationed and supervised.

人们普遍赞同对孩子看电视的时间要合理安排、严格监督。

No.75

Science is often referred to as a doubled-edged sward, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of dangers likes human cloning.

科学常被看作是一把双刃剑，在提供财富和安逸的同时，也使人们担心诸如人类克隆这样的潜在危险。

No.76

The oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.

全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用一种更为方便的动力。这种动力来自原子的分裂。

No.77

Most of the questions have been settled satisfactory, only a few

questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.

大部分问题已经被圆满解决，只有几个次要问题有待讨论。

No.78

Great progress has been made in search of a cure, and preventative efforts have also been made.

治疗方面已经取得了很大进步，预防方面也做出了很大的努力。

No.79

Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reaction.

有关原子能反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。

No.80

A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession. It is noted that the letter was received two months ago, and after study, returned to your office. In view of the foregoing, it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt. If the letter is found, it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at once.

我们最近查找了卷宗，发现本局已无此信。根据记载，此信是在两个月前收到的。经研究以后，已寄还贵处。鉴于上述情况，很遗憾贵处没有收到此信的记录。如能找到此信，请立即通知本局，不胜感谢。

No.81

No man is without fault.

人无完人。

No.82

We should not despise a man because he’s poor.

我们不能因为贫穷而看不起他人。

No.83

There is no rule that has no exception.

任何规则都有例外。

No.84

It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.

人不会不犯错误。

No.85

Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.

不要因为时间紧而敷衍搪塞。

No.86

Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they come.

机会属于每一个人，但当机会来临时，不是每一个人都准备好了。

No.87

Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes His aid against the other. The prayers of both could not be answered.

双方念的是同一本圣经，拜的是同一个上帝，但各方都要求上帝帮助去打倒对方。

所以，双方的祈求不可能都得到满足。

No.88

It is a good workman that never blunders.

智者千虑，必有一失。

No.89

I’m wiser than to believe what you c all money talks.

我才不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。

No.90

Nothing is so beautiful but is betrays some defect on close inspection.

再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。

No.91

Where you stumble becomes your opportunity to make corrections, to learn and grow.

你跌倒的地方就是你改正错误、吸取教训、开始成长的地方。

No.92

These will remain true whether we are dealing with the application of psychology to advertising and political propaganda, or engineering to the mass media of communication, or of medical science to the problem of overpopulation or old age.

无论我们说的是把心理学用之于广告宣传和政治宣传，或是把工程学用之于大众媒介，或者把医学科学用之于人口过剩或老年问题等，情况都将是如此。

No.93

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. 如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。

No.94

The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.

如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，几乎是无可置疑的了。

No.95

It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.

据估计，英国一年内被蜘蛛消灭的全部昆虫的总重量，要超过这个国家所有人的重量的总和。

No.96

John is a clear-cut, great-looking guy who likes his mother and father, who frowns on drugs, who takes his profession seriously, who likes to

have a good time, and who has his own goals and values.

John 是一个干净利落、相貌堂堂的人。他爱父母，厌恶毒品，工作认真，享受生活，有自己的人生目标和价值观。

No.97

In a social structure where an aging population outnumbers the younger generation, the physical and financial resources needed to care for the old may prove inadequate.

在一个老年人多于年轻人的社会结构中，照顾老人所需的人力和财力都是有限的。

No.98

The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV, space craft, and nuclear-powered ships, which are taken for granted now, would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.

电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天的人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活在本世纪二十年代以前的人来说，似乎都是不可思议的东西。考虑到这一点，科学发展的速度之快也就显而易见了。

No.99

There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking polities or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.

最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津有味地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这些却可能是感兴趣并引以自豪的重要所在。

No.100

Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代地生存下来。

No.101

Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领阶层的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。

汉译英

No.1

活到老，学到老

We live and learn.

No.2

准确性是翻译的首要条件。译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者地意思。字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。表达性是使译文易于理解。换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。准确性是使译文地意思确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。

Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator must stick to the author’s idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his author’s idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.

No.3

虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

No.4

三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

No.5

不知不觉又快到了下课的时间了。

Before we know it, it’s time to dismiss the class.

No.6

我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。

I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and so has he. No.7

她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。

After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her an helping hand.

No.8

花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。

The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent,

No.9

商标通常是销售商或厂家的一种有价财产，因为它一方面象征着经销公司的声望，另一方面又是产品及服务的标志。因此，当某一公司及其资产被出售时，其商标既可以出售，又可以转让他人。

A trademark is often a valuable property of a seller or manufacturer, because it is the symbol of the company’s goodwill and of its products

and services. Thus, a trademark can be sold or assigned when a company and its assets are sold.

No.10

住在楼上的家家户户都得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。

Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.

No.11

该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。

The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.

No.12

救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。

Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism.

No.13

他穿过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车子上。

While crossing the street, he looked right and left, afraid that he might run into some passing car.

No.14

他深受大家的尊敬，被选为执委会主席。

He is respected by all and was elected Chairman of the executive committee.

No.15

窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。

The window pane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. No.16

知识产权的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。

On such a basis has the question of intellectual property been raised. No.17

众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。

It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four inventions of the ancient Chinese people.

No.18

据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守造成的。

It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.

No.19

俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。

As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”

No.20

正如没经历过大事的人一样，他是经不起成功也经不起失败的。

Like those of little experience, he was easily elated by success and deflated by failure.

No.21

日子很快过去了，她做工作却丝毫没有放松。

The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever.

No.22

如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。

Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man’s health is closely related to the quality of the air, which in turn is decided by the sise (extent) of forests.

No.23

全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。

The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from pollution by all kinds of harmful industrial waste gases.

No.24

我们不但要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理、全面发展、能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业，还要有一个门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和整个国民经济发展需要的先进的工业。

We not only need a developed agricultural with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-lie production and fishery, meeting the needs of the people’s life and expanding industry, but also an advanced industrial system which is complete in range and rational in structure and which meets the needs of consumers and the expansion of the whole national economy.

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Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如，奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖，却用了“revolting new ideas”，即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”，目口头号游手好闲者，可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广，直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传：“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”，这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”，即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是，海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌：“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐，希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们，旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而，在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中，这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯：“使用电梯时，请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯，请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序，依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂：“想要客房服务时，请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其，人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客：“来我们餐馆吧，你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人：“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关，可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧，奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而，这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往，根据其告示，“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品，他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服，尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题真题与翻译

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding ―yes!‖ 1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12. ―Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,‖ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging ―is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.‖ Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called ―the bonding hormone‖18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

研究生学位英语23

考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝