四级 长篇阅读(匹配题)方法篇

长篇阅读考察的核心是“找匹配”，即要把文后的选项句与文中的来源段落匹配起来。这种考法其实并不要求你一定要把选项句和文章都完全看懂，而是要能敏锐地意识到选项句中的信息在文中的出现与对应。由于这个部分的做题时间可能相对紧张，因此做题步骤和要点很重要。下面我们来整理一下。

一、阅读文章标题、题注等，获取全文话题

长篇阅读的文章与选词填空和仔细阅读文章最不同的，在于长篇阅读的文章有标题。有些可能还有小标题、题注（大标题下、正文之前的一两句话，常为斜体）。在正式开始看选项、看文章之前，记得把大小标题、题注信息快速阅读一下，看完它们，你就能了解文章的话题了；之后的阅读和解题也有了大方向。

二、阅读选项，标注选项定位词

然后，我们先将文后的十个选项句阅读一遍。注意，这一步的目的并不是要记住十个句子所有的信息，我们也不可能把十个句子都背下来。但是我们希望能在每个句子中都挑选出一至两组定位词，方便我们待会扫读文章时快速注意到句子的出现和对应。

毫无疑问地，定位词应该要具有如下特点：

1.稳定：这个词最好要在文中能以原样重现

2.醒目：这个词最好要容易在文中被发现、识别

3.独特：这个词最好不要在文中出现太多次

下面我们总结常见的几类选项句中效果较好的定位词。

1.数字、时间

例如：Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at

an

annual rate of 3.9 percent. (四级大纲样题-47)

这句话中的时间概念mid-1970s和数字3.9 percent就是很好的定位词。在文中肯定会重现，而且容易识别。这样，当之后在扫读文章，看到某段中出现这两个概念时，就可以初步确定这个句子的来源。

2.人名、地名、机构等大写专有名词、合成词等

例如：Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking

university-based science and industrial application. (四级大纲样题-53)

这句话中的合成词university-based science就是很好的定位词，本身是比较专业的概念不易被替换，合成词的形式也使得其比较容易被发现。扫读文章时若发现某个段落含有这个词，则很可能该段即是这句话的来源。

以上这两类，在原文中出现时往往都会是原样的形式，因为这些词都不容易被用其它词或说法进行同义改写、替换。另外，它们形式上也都较醒目，在文章中出现时，比较容易被识别。由于这两类词一般是作为论据或举例使用，因此出现频率也不会太高。

3.其它方便寻找的名词、动词、形容词

若是没有前两类词的，则可以考虑选项句中其它的实词，特别是名词及名词性词组，这些词被替换的可能性较小，相对容易原样重现；类似地，不易被替换的动词、形容词也可以考虑。

例如：Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application. (四级大纲样题-53)

这句话中除了university-based science之外，名词词组industrial application也是很好的定位词。这两个词构成的这个说法比较专业，被替换的可能性小。

另外，优先考虑与文章话题相关度小的词或词组；因为与文章话题相关度大、或是意思差距近的词或词组很可能在文中出现很多，对确定来源段意义不大。

例如：American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship. (四级大纲样题-46) 这句话中的American universities虽然是大写专有名词，但定位价值很小。注意到这篇文章的大标题即是University Branch Out，可知全文都与美国大学有关，那么这个概念很可能在许多段落、甚至每个段落都出现，不利于我们确定要某个确定段落。

相比之下，internship这个比较专业的名词概念难被改写，则是更有效的定位词。

4.具有态度或方向的表达

选项句中的某个词或词组若是带有明显态度或倾向的，把其凸显的态度或倾向也标注出来（正或是负）。这也有助于待会儿确定选项句与段落的对应。

5.最高级、绝对性表达等

选项句中若有形容词、副词的最高级的，文中必然也会有最高级。而最高级说法一般只有如下三种可能：最高级本身、most+形容词、形容词-est，都是比较容易被看到的。一些程度很深、带有绝对性意味的词也类似，在文中必须有类似词或词组出现、且易被注意到。

三、扫读全文，确定选项句的来源段落

完成对选项的阅读和标注之后，便可以展开对文章的阅读。阅读文章时，按照文章的自然行文顺序，逐段往下阅读即可。记住：你并不需要看懂每句话、每个词，你需要时刻关注的，是刚才选项句中所标注的定位词是否在某个段落中出现了！有可能是它本身重现，也有可能是被同义替换为近义词或表达重现。

例如刚才提到的Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. (四级大纲样题-47) 这句话最终出现在原文C段中，对应的是C段的Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. 可以看到，句子中的an annual rate of 3.9 percent（3.9%的年度比率）在原文中完全重现了。而since the mid-1970s （从70年代中期开始）在原文中则对应同义的over the past three decades（过去三十年），overseas students（海外学生）在原文中则对应同义的s tudents leaving home …to study abroad（离开家庭去海外学生的学生），enroll（注册人数）和increase（增加）分别对应number（数量）和grow（增长）。

一旦看到某段落重现了某选项句所标注的定位词，要马上将此选项句的说法带入该段落中，确定此选项句的所有信息是否在该段落中全部得到体现。一定要确认此段落确实包括了此选项句的所有信息，才可能将选项句和段落对应起来。

也就是说，不要只看到定位词重现、就草率地确定来源段！这样很容易走入出题人设置的陷阱。比如刚才提到的Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. (四级大纲样题-47) 有些同学可能会将enrollment选为定位词，这未尝不可（尽管从定位价值上，明显这句话中其它两个数字更好）。然后你就会发现，enrollment这个词原样出现在了H段中。H段中有这样一句话：changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K。但是明显，这句话除了有enrollment这个词外，其它说法与选项句47都完全不同。事实上H段也没有任何与选项句47重合的信息。因此，H段并非是选项句47的来源段落。

总的来说，几个步骤中，对选项定位词的确定无疑最为关键；这决定了之后在扫读文章时，你是否能快速、高效地看准选项所出自的段落。而定位词的选择事实上在仔细阅读的

做题步骤中也是很关键的一个环节。请你在阅读到下面仔细阅读的解题要点时，还要再好好复习一下哦。

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大学英语四级匹配题详解

大学英语四级匹配题详 解 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper — More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or , with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine of fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called . This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to their . Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will