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2013-2014九年级一模2

2013-2014九年级一模2
2013-2014九年级一模2

2013-2014九年级第一次模拟考试---物理卷姓名:____________班别:____________学号:____________一、选择题(本题7小题,每小题3分,共21分)

1.关于声现象,下列说法中正确的是 ( )

A.将水泥路面改成有许多空隙的“海绵”沥青路面可以减弱噪声

B.专业人士能够辨别不同乐器发出的声音,是因为它们的响度不同

C.物体振动得越快,发出的音调就越低

D.宇航员在月球上可以直接对话

2.日常生活中,为了让同学们养成关注生活和社会的良好习惯,物理老师倡导同学们对身边一些常见的物理量进行估测的实践活动,以下是他们交流时的一些估测数据,你认为数据最符合实际的是()

A.一个小铁钉受到的重力约为5 N

B.成年人正常步行5 min通过的路程约为400 m

C.一般洗澡水的温度约为85 ℃

D.一名中学生的体重约为200 kg

3.下列光学现象及其解释正确的是()

A.投影仪是利用凸透镜成像的原理工作的,在屏幕上成的是正立、放大的虚像

B.早在2000多年前《墨经》中记载的小孔成像实验可以用光的折射来解释

C.利用激光可以在钢板上打孔,说明光可以传递能量

D.夜晚用手电筒照射放置在白纸上的镜子,镜子看起来很暗,是因为镜面发生了漫反射

4、如下图中是物体在平面镜中成像的情况,正确的是:( )

A B C D

4.下列能正确反映“探究水的沸腾实验”过程中温度随时间变化关系的是()

6.如下所示四个图的装置可以用来演示物理现象,则下列表述正确的是( )

A .图甲可用来演示电磁感应现象

B .图乙可用来演示磁场对电流的作用

C .图丙可用来演示电流的磁效应

D .图丁可用来演示电磁铁的磁性强弱与电流大小的关系

4.下列自然现象中,属于液化现象的是 ( )

A .暖春,麦田里白雪消融

B .初夏,草地上露珠晶莹

C .深秋,操场上轻霜涂抹

D .严冬,池塘里厚厚寒冰

6.如右图所示,电源电压不变,滑动变阻器的滑片P 从a 端滑到b 端的过程中( )

A .电流表、电压表示数都减小

B .电流表、电压表示数都增大

C .电流表示数减小、电压表示数增大

D .电流表示数增大、电压表示数减小

二、填空题(本题7小题,每空1分,共21分)

9一个质量为60kg 的人,他每只脚接触地面的面积是150cm 2,这个人正常站立时对水平地面的压力是________N,对水平地面的压强是________Pa ,当他行走时对水平地面的压强大约是________Pa 。(g=10N/kg)

8.千古神话“嫦娥奔月”已经成为中国航天的现实。我国发射的“嫦娥一号”卫星在太空多次通过喷射燃气实现变轨(改变运行高度、运行方向),这实际上是运用了物理学中____________________________以及____________________________的原理。在绕月飞行的过程中,若以地球为参照物,“嫦娥一号”卫星是________(选填“静止”或“运动”)的。

9.一个大口的厚玻璃瓶内装有少量的水,用塞子塞紧,通过塞子的孔往瓶内打气,到一定的时候瓶塞会跳起,瓶塞跳起是由于瓶内空气压强________(选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)外界大气压强,当瓶塞跳起后,瓶内空气的内能________(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”),温度________(选填“升高”“降低”或“不变”)。

10.验电器的工作原理是__________________;家庭电路电流过大的原因通常是电路发生短路或者总功率________;家庭电路中的保险丝在电路中电流过大时能自动熔断,是因为保险丝的熔点较________(选填“高”或“低”)。

12.踢出去的足球在草地上继续向前滚动,是因为足球具有________;足球滚动得越来越慢是因为足球____________(选填“受平衡力”“受不平衡力”或“不受力”)作用;在此过程中足球的机械能________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”)。

甲 乙 丙 丁

13.班级物理实验小组的同学们利用注射器进行探究实验。甲乙两同学分别用注射器抽取半筒酒精,抽取酒精时利用了________的知识,用手指封闭注射器开口。甲同学较用力推压注射器的活塞,发现酒精很难被压缩,这表明分子之间有________;乙同学迅速用力向外拉活塞,发现酒精在常温下沸腾了,出现此现象的原因是____________________________________。

14.一架普通照相机的镜头相当于________镜。若该镜头的焦距为35cm,用它给小明拍全身照,小明到镜头的距离需要大于________cm,若再给小明拍半身照,镜头到底片的距离需要________填(“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)

14.如图所示,电源电压不变,R1=10 Ω,R2=15 Ω,当S1、S2都闭合,甲、乙都是电压表时,则U甲∶U乙=________;当S1闭合,S2断开,甲、乙都是电流表时,则I甲∶I乙=________;第一种情况与第二种情况下电路消耗的总功率之比为________。

11.某商场每层楼的高度是5 m,电动扶梯长是7 m,小明体重为600 N。扶梯把小明从三楼匀速送上四楼的过程中对小明做功________J;如果要知道扶梯对小明做功的功率,还应该测量的物理量是________;电动扶梯中电动机的工作原理是______________________________________。10.“094型”潜艇是我国自行研制的新一代“晋级”核动力潜艇,当它从深海中上浮而未露出水面的过程中,它受到海水的压强________,浮力________(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”);核动力潜艇的能量来源于____________(选填“核裂变”或“核聚变”)。

13.如图所示,重500N的物体与地面间的摩擦力为144N,为使物体匀速移动6m,必须在绳的自由端加60N的水平拉力.那么该机械做的有用功是________J,此滑轮组的机械效率为________,若所有时间为5s,则拉力的功率是________W

三、作图题(8分)

15. (1)如图a所示,在平面镜右方有一发光点S,OB、O′B′分别是S发出的两条光线经平面镜反射后的反射光线,作出发光点S的位置(要求保留必要的辅助线)。

(2)在图b中虚线上标出通电螺线管周围磁感线的方向。

(3)用图c所示的滑轮组提升重物,若拉力F将绳子的自由端移动1.5 m时,重物升高0.5 m,请你在图中画出绳子绕法。

四、实验题(本题3小题,共18分)

16.(6分)下面是小赵进行物理探究实验时做的基本测量,请帮他完成:

(1)液体温度计是根据液体______________________的原理制成的,图甲中温度计的读数是________。

(2)图乙中铅笔的长度为________________m。

(3)一块体积为20 cm3的矿石,用图丙所示的天平测量质量,此矿石的质量是________g,矿石的密度是________________g/cm3。

(4)图丁中小桶和液体的重力为________N。

16.(6分)小明用蜡烛、凸透镜和光屏做“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验。

(1)如图a所示,要使像能够成在光屏的中央,应将蜡烛向________调整(选填“上”或“下”),或者将凸透镜向________调整(选填“上”或“下”);

(2)实验中所用凸透镜的焦距是10 cm,当烛焰距凸透镜15 cm时,移动光屏至某一位置,在光屏上得到一个倒立、清晰的像,该像是________的(选填“放大”“等大”或“缩小”);

(3)接着使烛焰向左移动5 cm,此时应该将光屏向________移到某一位置(选填“左”或“右”),才能在光屏上成清晰的像,这次所成的像比上一次要________(选填“大”或“小”);

(4)在上一步实验获得清晰的像后,小明取了一副远视眼镜放在凸透镜前(如图b所示),观察到光屏上的像变模糊了,此时要使光屏上成清晰的像,应该将光屏向________移(选填“左”或“右”)。

17.(7分)在测定“小灯泡电功率”的实验中,电源电压为4.5 V,小灯泡额定电压为2.5 V、电阻约为10 Ω。

(1)实验中,电流表的量程应选0~________A。

(2)请你用笔画线代替导线,将图1中的实物电路连接完整。

(3)闭合开关前,图1中滑动变阻器的滑片P应位于________(选填“A”或“B”)端。

(4)小叶同学闭合开关,移动滑片P到某一点时,电压表示数(如图2所示)为________V,若他想测量小灯泡的额定功率,应将图1中滑片P向________(选填“A”或“B”)端移动。

(5)小向同学移动滑片P,记下多组对应的电压表和电流表的示数,并绘制成图3所示的I-U图象,根据图象信息,可计算出小灯泡的额定功率是________W。

(6)若小勇同学在实验中连接好电路,闭合开关,移动变阻器滑片P,发现小灯泡始终不亮,电压表有示数,电流表无示数,原因可能是____________(写出一种即可)。

五、计算题(本题2小题,共13分)

24.学校安装电路需要用铜线,现手头有一卷铜线,已知其质量是178kg,横截面积是2.5mm2,这卷铜线的长度是多少米?(ρ铜=8.9×103kg/m3)

19.(7分)小明学习了热学的有关知识后,他想估算一下自己家每天烧水、做饭需要的热量,于是小明仔细记录了他家每天烧水、煮饭、炒菜需要的时间,并把它折算成烧水时间,相当于每天将30 kg 20 ℃的水烧开(一个标准大气压下)。

(1)小明家每天烧水做饭需要多少热量?

(2)如果普通煤的燃烧值为3×107 J/kg,从理论上讲小明家每天烧水做饭至少需要多少千克的煤?

(3)小明家实际平均每天需要烧4块蜂窝煤,按每块蜂窝煤含煤0.5 kg算,他家每天实际用煤2 kg,请你帮小明计算出他家煤炉的效率?

六、综合能力题(本题3小题,共19分)

22.(6分)如图1,在“观察水沸腾”实验中:

(1)小明观察到水沸腾前和沸腾时,水中气泡上升过程如下图,则图中________是沸腾前的情况(选填“甲”或“乙”) 。

甲乙

图1

①从记录数据看,在第________min时的数据是错误的,温度应改为________。

②由表中数据得出的结论是:________________________________________。

(3)同时,小华也做了该实验。他们根据各自的数据,在同一坐标纸上画出了如图2所示的图线,其中实线表示小明的图线,虚线表示小华的图线,水平部分图线重合。若加热条件完全相同,整个过程中两人的操作都规范准确。根据图线分析:你认为造成两同学图线差异的主要原因可能是:________________________________________________________________________。

(4)小华还发现移开酒精灯后,烧杯中的水没有立即停止沸腾的原因可能是____________________________________________________。

21.(6分)如右图是一定质量的某种晶体体积随温度变化的图象,分析图象可知:

(1)这种晶体的熔点是________℃;

(2)D点的密度________E点的密度;(选填“大于”“等于”或“小

于”)

(3)图中BC段该物质处于________状态。

22.(6分)如图所示,在探究“平面镜成像特点”的实验中:

(1)为了便于观察,该实验最好在________的环境中进行(选填“较明亮”或“较黑暗”);

(2)如果将蜡烛A向玻璃板靠近,像的大小会________;

(3)移去后面的蜡烛B,并在原位置上放一光屏,发现在光屏上________________,这说明平面镜所成的像是虚像。

23.(7分)小刚同学想测酱油的密度,但家里只有天平、小空瓶,而没有量筒。他思考后按照自己设计的实验步骤进行了测量,测量内容及结果如图所示。

(1)他第三次测得物体的质量如图b中砝码和游码所示,其结果m3=________g。

(2)请按照图a的顺序写出对应的实验步骤:

第一步:_________________________________________________________________;

第二步:__________________________________________________________________;

第三步:__________________________________________________________________。

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