【名师一号】粤教版语文双基限时练必修二 第三单元散文10]

双基限时练(十)菱角的喜剧

一、基础测试

1．下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的

．．．．．一项是() A．捞．取/牢．固谪．居/启迪．

翘．首/连翘．秕．谷/先妣．

B．哺．育/苗圃．桎梏．/诰．命

下载．/载．体苛．求/百舸．

C．编．织/蝙．蝠增．加/憎．恨

刮．风/聒．噪折．断/折．本

D．肖．像/消．灭晾晒．/哂．笑

给．以/给．予处．方/长处．

解析A．lāo/láo，zhé/dí，qiáo/qiáo，bǐ/bǐ；B.bǔ/pǔ，ɡù/ɡào，zài/zài，kē/ɡě；C.biān/biān，zēnɡ/zēnɡ，ɡuā/ɡuō，zhé/shé；D.xiào/xiāo，shài/shěn，ɡěi/jǐ，chǔ/chù。

答案 D

2．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是()

A．磨炼门可罗鹊怡然毅然决然

B．寒喧立竿见影报怨以德报怨

C．切磋漫不经心慌乱兵荒马乱

D．书籍心悦臣服相亲文人相轻

解析A．鹊—雀；B.喧—暄；D.臣—诚。

答案 C

3．依次填入下列句子中横线处的词语最恰当的一项是()

(1)把一枚长着三个勾儿的菱角放在掌心里________了半天。

(2)在吃到四个角的菱角那一天，我________翻了一本辞书，看一

看关于菱角那一条的注释。

(3)这种认识事物的方法真像是________“君臣佐使”的中药方似的，抽出一味就不成其为好药了。

A．玩赏随意讲究

B．把玩随手讲究

C．把玩随意讲求

D．玩赏随手讲求

解析“把玩”指拿着赏玩，符合①的语境；“随手”指在手边，符合②的语境；“讲究”侧重在重视，“讲求”侧重在追求。

答案 B

4．下列句子中，加点的词语使用不当的一项是()

A．原来，菱角有两个角、三个角、四个角的，书上早已经说得清

清楚楚，不知道是当年上植物课时漫不经心

．．．．还是忘记了。

B．面对世界万事万物的这种复杂性、多样性，站在正确立场上的

聪明人并不会茫然失措

．．．．。

C．歌德恨一切戴眼镜的人，说他们看得清楚他脸上的皱纹，但是

他给他们的玻璃片耀得心烦意乱

．．．．，看不出他们的心境。

D．每一个人都知道把门关上之后接踵而来

．．．．的揪心之痛，尤其是当所爱的人音容宛在左右，而人已远去之时。

解析C项，“心烦意乱”应改为“眼花缭乱”，照应后面的“看”。

答案 C

5．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是()

A．文坛领域近年来频频发生抄袭事件，连身为青少年偶像的韩寒

也被卷入其中，这令他的形象大打折扣。

B．安倍不是积极反思二战给中国带来的巨大创伤，而是依旧迷恋军国主义，甚至用邪恶的目光看待中国。

C．家规文化是在修身、齐家、处世等方面训诫后辈子孙的一种方法，是古代先哲留给我们的一笔宝贵财富。

D．高考还未开始，一些职业院校开始通过各种渠道扩大宣传，对正在紧张备考的高三学子带来极大的干扰。

解析A项，“文坛”与“领域”重复。C项，语序不当。将“一种”调至“在修身”前。D项，误用介词。将“对”改为“给”，答案 B

6．依次填入下面空格处，最恰当的一项是()

________，________，________，江南岸从水边延展开来，将碧绿的柔波，暖暖且软软地拥揽于怀。水的柔情意，衬出江南岸的大胸襟。造字先生把“伟”字和“岸”并连一起，便有________，________，________。

①或绿或黄的一圈

②或宽或窄的一段

③或曲或直的一条

④以及神奇且美妙的深度

⑤羡人的高度

⑥耀人的宽度

A．①③②⑤⑥④B．①②③⑥⑤④

C．②①③⑤⑥④D．②③①⑥⑤④

解析前三句按视距的由短到长，与后面的“延展开来”相呼应；后三句先说高，再说宽和深，与后面的“伟”和“岸”相对应。

答案 C

7．填空。

秦牧，________代作家。著有散文集________、________等。散文名篇有________、________。

答案当《长河浪花集》《花城》《土地》《花蜜与蜂刺》

二、阅读理解

阅读下面的文字，完成8～11题。

彩蝶树

秦牧

人们常以赞美之笔，描绘南国的鲜花。可是，洋紫荆——原名“羊蹄甲”的花，却常常被人所忽略，这大概是因为它既不是草本植物，又不是灌木盆栽，而是生长在乔木上的缘故？是因为年宵花市上，从来没有人摆卖这种花？是因为在广州，它不过是极为寻常的街道树？尽管如此，洋紫荆仍不失为南国一种极为出色的鲜花。站在紫荆树下，但见一树繁花，宛如千万彩蝶云集，好像走进了梦幻境界。

洋紫荆的花和叶长得十分有趣。它的花有五片花冠，四片对称地分裂两侧，一片翘起在上方，布满色调颇浓的彩斑，很像兰花的花舌，因此有人称它为“兰花树”。

不知道洋紫荆有几个不同花色种类的人，每每以为它们不断在变幻着颜色，像被称做“娇容三变”的木芙蓉似的。他们哪里知道，这是紫荆树的家族，为了献出色彩缤纷的鲜花而进行着接力赛跑哩！你看，从隆冬到暮春，洋紫荆陆续开花，紫色、红色、粉红色，次第开放，要足足闹腾好几个月。最先开花的是紫色那一种，花期竟是在寒风凛冽的春节前夕，和炮仗花、梅花同时绽开花蕾。它着实可以称得

上是南国的报春使者！

紫荆树的叶子也非常有趣，就像它的本名羊蹄甲所显示的那样，仿佛羊蹄一样，每片叶子都毫无例外，是由腰子形的对称的两面合成的，末端凹了进去，把它折拢起来，简直像是一只绿色的蝴蝶，又像两个形影不离的好朋友。于是有人又给紫荆起了一个诨名，叫做“朋友树”。

在高纬度地方，人们大概是看不到这种洋紫荆的。我有一个朋友，由于喜爱这种花树，特意起了个带“荆”字的名字，抗日战争时期，他北上延安参加革命，后来牺牲了。他的妹妹回南方省亲的时候，特意采了洋紫荆的几片叶子和花朵，夹在书里带回北方，好让孩子们知道“荆”字的来历，生命本应该这样地繁花似锦呵！

在紫荆盛开的时候，我很喜欢站在树下，闻闻它的幽香，端详它那一串串彩蝶似的花朵，观赏它那对称得出奇的羊蹄般的叶子。清风吹来，落英缤纷，花瓣撒满了头、肩，我也不想拂掉它，心中禁不住引起一串遐想：……在古老的年代，有这么一对侠义的朋友，一个为崇高的目标牺牲了。另一个也奋起斗争，用慷慨壮烈的死为人民殉难，为至友复仇。他们死后被葬在一起，埋骨的地方就长出这么一株紫荆树——朋友树来，每片叶子都互相对称，五彩缤纷的蝴蝶也成群飞来凭吊，不愿离去……

这样生死与共、肝胆相照的友谊，这样动人的故事，人世间，生活里是的确存在的，它值得讴歌，并且令人想到可以编出一个美丽的童话。

站在满树蝴蝶的紫荆树下，我不禁想入非非了。

(选自《文学随笔精品大展》，上海文化出版社，有删改) 8．作者主要写了彩蝶树哪几方面的内容？彩蝶树是怎样的一种

树？

答：___________________________________________________

答案主要写了彩蝶树的花和叶；彩蝶树是极为寻常但又极为出色的一种树。

9．第5段末尾“生命本应该这样地繁花似锦呵”有何含意？

答：___________________________________________________

答案作者对失去朋友的惋惜，对亲人缅怀朋友的欣慰，与对眼前美好生活的珍惜。

10．第6段关于“彩蝶树”的传说在文中有什么作用？

答：___________________________________________________

答案丰富了文章的内容；与下文相呼应，融为一体；激发读者的阅读兴趣；深化文章主题。

11．作者为什么“很喜欢”、“常常被人所忽略”的彩蝶树？

答：___________________________________________________

答案作者曾经有过与“童话”中的“朋友树”相似的经历，所以看到“朋友树”就想起了自己“生死与共，肝胆相照”的战友。

三、语言表达

12．下面是关于菱角的解说，请参照这段文字用下定义的形式进行表述。

一种水生植物。又称“菱角儿”。中国南部各省均有栽培或野生。其果肉可食，嫩茎可作菜蔬，果有尖锐双角，俗称菱角。生长在湖里，菱角藤长绿叶子，叶子形状为菱形，故果实称菱角儿。茎为紫红色，开鲜艳的黄色小花。

答：___________________________________________________

答案菱角是一种叶子形状为菱形、茎为紫红色、开鲜艳的黄色

小花、果肉可食、嫩茎可作菜蔬、果有尖锐双角，生长在中国南部湖中的水生植物。

13．把下面两处口语化的句子改为书面语，并说说两者有什么不同。

(1)在广西的时候，我第一次看到三个角的菱角。初见的时候，不禁小小吃了一惊。把一枚长着三个勾儿的菱角放在掌心里把玩了半天。心想：“吃了半辈子菱角，现在才知道有些地方的菱角原来长的是三个角，多特别哦！”

(2)是不是只有生物界有这种情形呢？不！一切事物都有复杂性、多样性。

答：___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案(1)改为：我在广西第一次看到三个角的菱角时很惊讶。我将这种菱角进行观察之后认为，个别地方有三个角的菱角是很特别的事情。

(2)改为：事物是复杂多样的，我们必须杜绝简单化绝对化的认识方法。

不同：口语通俗自然、简洁生动。书面语词语雅正，结构严谨。

四、课堂随笔

14．阅读下面两段话，谈谈你对生活的感悟。

你如果这次把手磨出了水泡，下次就不容易再起泡，因为手掌的皮越磨越结实。

你如果跌断了腿，以后就得更加小心，因为跌断的骨头，不但不可能长得更加坚固，反而更加脆弱。

答：___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案略

高二数学 双基限时练3

双基限时练(三) 1．设f ′(x 0)＝0，则曲线y ＝f (x )在点(x 0，f (x 0))处的切线( ) A ．不存在 B ．与x 轴垂直 C ．与x 轴平行 D ．与x 轴平行或重合 答案 D 2．一木块沿某一斜面自由下滑，测得下滑的水平距离s 与时间t 之间的函数关系为s ＝18t 2，则当t ＝2时，此木块在水平方向的瞬时速 度为( ) A. 2 B. 1 C.12 D .14 解析 s ′＝lim Δt →0 Δs Δt ＝lim Δt →0 18(t ＋Δt )2－18t 2Δt ＝lim Δt →0 14tΔt ＋18(Δt )2Δt ＝lim Δt →0 (14t ＋18Δt )＝14t . ∴当t ＝2时，s ′＝12. 答案 C 3．若曲线y ＝h (x )在点P (a ，h (a ))处切线方程为2x ＋y ＋1＝0，则 ( ) A ．h ′(a )<0 B ．h ′(a )>0 C ．h ′(a )＝0 D ．h ′(a )的符号不定 解析 由2x ＋y ＋1＝0，得h ′(a )＝－2<0. ∴h ′(a )<0. 答案 A

4．曲线y ＝9x 在点(3,3)处的切线方程的倾斜角α等于( ) A ．45° B ．60° C ．135° D ．120° 解析 k ＝y ′＝lim Δx →0 Δy Δx ＝lim Δx →0 9x ＋Δx －9x Δx ＝lim Δx →0 －9x (x ＋Δx )＝－9x 2. ∴当x ＝3时，tan α＝－1.∴α＝135°. 答案 C 5．在曲线y ＝x 2 上切线倾斜角为π4的点是( ) A ．(0,0) B ．(2,4) C ．(14，116) D ．(12，14) 解析 y ′＝lim Δx →0 Δy Δx ＝lim Δx →0 (x ＋Δx )2－x 2Δx ＝lim Δx →0 2xΔx ＋(Δx )2Δx ＝lim Δx →0 (2x ＋Δx )＝2x . 令2x ＝tan π4＝1，∴x ＝12，y ＝14. 故所求的点是(12，14)． 答案 D 6．已知曲线y ＝2x 2上一点A (2,8)，则过点A 的切线的斜率为________． 解析 k ＝f ′(2)＝lim Δx →0 2(2＋Δx )2－2×22Δx

双基限时练26

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