人教版八年级下册各单元英语语法解析知识重点总结(精)

新目标英语八年级(下重点短语及句型总

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer 修饰名词复数,表示否定

2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less 修饰不可数名词,表示否定

3. in ten years 10年后(in 的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon

4. fall in love with … 爱上……

例:When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in

love with him at once.

当我第一次见到许老师,我立刻爱上他。

5. live alone 单独居住

6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live alone/ go alone 等

The girl walked alone along the street, but she

didn't feel lonely.

那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独。

7. keep/ feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪

8. fly to the moon 飞上月球

9. hundreds of + 复数数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of

10. the same as 和……相同

11. A be different from B A与B不同

(= There is a difference/ Thgere are

differences between A and B

12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up 表示“唤醒某人”

13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/ become 是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/ angry/ excited 等

14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/ fishing /

skating/ bike riding 等

15. lots of/ a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以

16. at the weekends 在周末

17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习

18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见

19. I don't agree. = I disagree. 我不同意。

20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上

(注意paper/ information/ news/ work/ homework/

housework 等常考到的不可数名词

21. on vacation 度假

22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth. 帮助某人做某事

23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼

24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里;live on the twelfth

floor 住在12楼

25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号

26. as a reporter 作为一名记者

27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明

28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗?

29. in the future 在将来/在未来

30. no more = not … anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生

31. no longer = not … any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生

32. besides(除……之外还,包括与except = but(除……之外,不包括

33. be able to 与can 能;会

(be able to 用于各种时态,而can

只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to 用于各种时态,而must 只能用于一般现在时态例如:

①I have been able to/ will be able to speak

two languages. (不可以用can

②had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must

34. be big and crowded 大而且拥挤

34. be in college 在上大学

35. live on a space station 住在空间站

36. dress casually 穿得很随意;casual clothing 休闲服饰

37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯;win award 获奖

38. come true 变成现实

39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间

40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣

41. over and over again 一次又一次

42. be in different shapes 形状不同

43. twenty years from now 今后20年

本单元目标句型:

1. What do you think life will be like in 1000

years?

2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and

less pollution in the future.

fewer;less 表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more 二者都可以修饰。

3. Will kids go to school? No, they won't/ Yes,

they will。

4. Predicting the future can be difficult.

5. I need to look smart for my job interview.

6. I will be able to dress more casually.

7. I think I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and

one day I might even visit Australia.

8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years

from now?

9. That may not seem possible now, but computers,

space rockets and even electric

toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years

ago.

本单元语法讲解:一般将来时

1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词:

①含tomorrow; next 短语;②in + 段时间;③how soon;

④by + 将来时间;⑤by the time sb. do …;⑥祈使句句型中:or/

and sb. will do;

⑦在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时;

⑧another day

比较be going to 与will:

be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。

如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will

write a book one day.

2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will

表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He

will be twenty years old.

3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:

She is going to lend us her book. He will be

here in half an hour.

4. 在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will。如:

If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.

掌握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分be going to 与will 了。

一般将来时常见的标志词

①含tomorrow; next 短语;②in + 段时间;

③how soon;④by + 将来时间;

5. 祈使句句型中:or/ and sb. will do

例:Be quick, or you will be late = If you don't be quick, you will be late

6. 在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时Unit 2 What should I do?

1. too loud 太大声

2. out of style 过时的

3. in style 流行的

4. call sb. up = ring sb. up = call/ ring/ phone

sb. 给……打电话

5. enough money 足够的钱(enough 修饰名词时不必后置

6. busy enough 够忙(enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置

7. a ticket to/ for a ball game 一张球赛的门票

注意:the key to the lock/ the key (answer to the

question/ the solution to the problem.

此处几个短语不能用of 表示所有格

8. talk about 谈论

9. on the phone 用电话

10. pay for 付款

11. spend … on +sth. = spend … ( in doing sth.在……花钱

12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花……的时间

13. borrow … fr om 从……借( 借进来

14. lend … to 把……借给(借出去

15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。(不用borrow 或lend

16. buy sth. for sb. 为……买东西

17. tell sb. to do/ not to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

18. want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do 想某人做某事

19. find out 发现;查清楚;弄明白

20. play one's stereo 放录象

21. fail the test = not pass the test 考试不及格

22. fail in (doing sth. …在……上失败,变弱

23. succeed in (doing sth. 在……方面成功

24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信

25. surprise sb. 使某人吃惊(类似有:surprise/ interest/

please/ amaze + 某人

26. to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是……

27. to one's joy 使某人高兴的是……

28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作(不一定有结果

29. get/ find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作(有结果

30. ask sb. for … 寻求/向某人要某物

31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤

32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵

33. have a fight with sb. = fight with 与某人打架

34. drop off 离去;散去;逐渐减少;死去

35. prepar e for … = get ready for … 为……做准备

36. after-school clubs (activities 课外俱乐部(活动

be/ get used to doing 习惯做某事

used to do 过去经常/常常做某事

be used for doing = be used to do sth. 被用于做某事

37. fill … up 填补;装满……;be full of 装满

38. return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人

39. get on/ along well with 与…相处很好

40. all kinds of 各种各样

41. as much as possible = as much as you can 尽可能多

42. take part in = join in 参加(某种活动/集会

43. a bit = a little 一点儿(当修饰形容词或比较级时

44. a bit of = a little 一点儿/一些(当修饰不可数名词时

45. be angry with … 生……的气

46. by oneself = on one's own 某人自己/独自地

47. on the one hand 一方面

48. on the other hand 另一方面

49. I find/ feel/ think it difficult to do …

我发现/感到/认为做某事很难。

50. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做……

51. not … until 直到……才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词

52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:

be/ become + upset/ tired/ excited/

interested/ worried/ surprised/ amazed/ annoyed

说明:当主语是某人时,注意后面的形容词一般是-ed

结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词.

例如: I was surprised/ interested/ amazed when I

heard the surprising/ interesting/ amazing news.

53. radio advice program 电台提建议的节目

54. be original 新颖的

55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处

56. sports clothes 运动服

57. the same age as = as old as 和……年龄一样

58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子

59. complain about (doing sth. 抱怨……

60. take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动

61. try to do sth. 尽量干某事;try doing sth. 试着干某事

62. be under too much pressure 压力太大

63. a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈

64. take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部

65. compepition starts from a very young age竞争从很小年纪就开始了

66. compare … with和……比较

67. organized activities 有组织的活动

本单元目标句型:

1. What's wrong (with you?/ What's the matter?

2. What should I do? 我该怎么办?

3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。

You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉。

4. They shouldn't argue. 他们不应该争吵。

5. Why don't you talk to him about it?

= Why not talk to him about it? = You should/

could talk to him about it.

= What/ How about talking to him about it. =

You'd better talk to him about it.

6. The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.

7. Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.

Thirty people, including six children (six

children included, went to visit the factory.

8. People shouldn't push their children so hard.

9. Parents are trying to plan their kids' lives

for them. When these kids are adults,

they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

1. in front of 在……的前面(外部,in the front of 在……的前面(内部

2. in the library 在图书馆

3. get out of/ get into 出……之外/进入

4. sleep late 睡懒觉;sleep well 睡得好;get to sleep = fall asleep 睡着

5. walk down/ along 沿……走

6. take off (飞机起飞;脱下(衣帽

7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上

注意:(特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on

8. in the tree 在树上;on the tree 在树上

9. take photos 照相

10. at the train station 在火车站

11. run away 跑开,逃跑

12. as + adj. 原形as 和……一样……

例如:She is (not as beautiful as her sister. I can

run as fast as he (him

13. buy/ draw/ make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作

14. walk home 走回家

15. in history 在历史上

16. for example 例如

17. in the city of 在……市

18. on the playground 在操场上

19. ten minutes ago 十分钟前

20. take place 发生(强调必然性

21. happen to sth./ sb. 发生(强调偶然性

例如:What has happened to you? = What's the matter

with you? = What's wrong with you?

22. of course = sure = certainly 当然

23. all over the world = around the world 遍及全世界

24. outside/ inside the station 在车站外/内

25. next to 相邻,紧贴

26. close to 接近于;在附近

27. be ill in hospital/ bed 生病住院/卧床

28. hear about/ of 听说(间接听到

29. in silence 沉默不语;keep silent 保持沉默

30. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历

31. have fun doing sth. 干某事有乐趣;have difficult time

doing sth. 干某事有困难

32. have meaning to 对……有意义

33. become the first Chinese astronaut in space成为中国第一个太空宇航员

34. a national hero 一个民族英雄

35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名

36. for the first time 第一次

本单元目标句型:

What were you doing when I arrived/ at that

time/ at 8:00 last night/ from 9:00

to 10:00 yesterday?

1. I was doing sth. when + 一般过去时的时间状语从句……

2. How about … = What about …?

3. While sth./ sb. was doing sth., I was doing

sth. ….

4. 当不明飞行物着陆时,你正在干啥?What were you doing when the

UFO landed?

5. 当妈妈正在做饭时,我在看电视。While my mother was cooking, I was watching TV.

6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed

right in front of me.

7. You can image how strange it was.

8. I followed to see where it was going.

9. Isn't that amazing!

10. She didn't thinking about looking outside the station.

11. I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.

12. Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004

Olympics.

13. Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics.

14. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the

news of important events in history.

15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history.

16. Even the most everyday activities can seem important.

17. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.

18. However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists.

19. Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.

20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.

本单元语法讲解

过去进行时(Past Progressive Tense

句型S + was/ were + V-ing …

例1:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday

evening 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。

例2:We were having supper at that time 那个时候我们正在吃晚饭

解说:如例1所示,在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚,否则就不合逻辑了。例如:I

was taking a bath yesterday. (错

(昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗?

所以本句应该如例1来表达,或者用一般过去时表达如下:

I took a bath yesterday. 昨天我洗了澡

如果由上下文的文意,或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”,单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的,例如:

A:I called you up yesterday evening.

B:Did you? At what time?

A:At around ten o'clock. 大约在十点钟。

B:Oh, I was taking a bath then. 哦,当时我正在洗澡。

过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明:

过去有二动作A和B(如图示,在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中,所以这种表达法通常都是复句(主句

+ 副词从句。例如:

When I got up this morning, Mother was

preparing breakfast in the kitchen.

(今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother ….”是主句,“when

…,”是副词从句。

常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词:过去的某一定点时刻(at + 过去的时刻,then (=

at that time (那时,当时,all + 时间,“When …/ While …/

As …”等副词从句,etc

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

1. every Saturday 每周六

2. first of all 首先

3. both … and … 两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则

4. neither ….nor 两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则

5. most of … 绝大多数

6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周

7. agree on something 同意某人的计划;对……取得一致意见

8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做……

9. pass on (to 传递

10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做……

11. be mad at … 对……疯狂/生气

12. do better in = be better at 在……方面做得更好

13. be in good health 身体健康

14. report card 成绩单

15. sound/ feel/ smell/ taste/ look 是连系动词,一般只能跟adj. 做表语

16. sound like/ feel like/ smell like/ taste like/

look like 听起来像……/感觉像……/闻起来像……/尝起来像……/看起来像…… + sb.sth.

17. get … over 克服;恢复;原谅

18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露

19. care for 照料;照顾;意愿;计较

20. have a (surprise party for sb. 为某人举行一次(惊喜聚会

21. end-of-year exam = final exam 期末考试

22. not … anymore 不再

23. do a home project 做作业

24. be surprised/ happy/ excited to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动

25. be/ get nervous 感到紧张

26. have a very hard time with … 在……日子不好过

27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果

28. take/ leave a message 捎(留个口信

29. have a big fight

30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth.

31. to teach in China's rural areas

32. feel lucky

33. people who need help 需要帮助的人

34. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事

35. the re is no difference between … and …在……和……之间没有区别

36. Groups and the work they do

Groups The work they do

Greenpeace Cares for“Mother Earth”

Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in

poor countries

UNICEF Helps children in poor countries

WWF Cares for wild animals in danger

37. the Hope Project 希望工程

38. fortunately

本单元目标句型:

转述他人话语: What did sb. say? He said I …. She said

she …. They said ….

1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数

形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

八年级下册英语语法知识点

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