British literature material

I. Oliver Twist

1.Setting: 1830s, London and outside London

2.Characters: Oliver Twist, Fagin, Sikes, Nancy, Mr. Brownlow, Rose, Mrs. Maylie

3.Themes:

(1)The failure of charity; (2) The folly of individualism; (3) Purity in a corrupt city; (4)

The countryside idealized.

4.Character analysis:

(1)Oliver Twist: saint-like figure, pure, virtuous, incorruptible, gentle

(2)Fagin: a Jew, ugly, miserly, avaricious, villainous

5.Motifs

(1)Disguised or Mistaken identities; (2) Hidden family relationships; (3) Surrogate

families.

6.Symbols

(1)Characters’names: a. Twist---outrageous reversals of fortune that he will

experience; b. Rose Maylie---flowers, springtime, youth and beauty; c. Mrs.

Mann---lack of maternal instinct.

(2)Bull’s eye: Sikes’s guilt

(3)London Bridge: the collision of two worlds unlikely ever to come into contact---the

idyllic world of Brownlow and Rose, and the atmosphere of degradation in which Nancy lives.

II. V anity Fair

1.Setting: the 1st half of the 19th c., England

2.Characters: Amelia Sedley, Rebecca Sharp(Becky), Joseph, George Osborne,

William Dobbin, Sir Pitt Crawley, Pitt Crawley, Rawdon Crawley

3.Themes

(1)Money and position are desirable but transient.

(2)The cruelty, the deception, the futility of making possessions and power the only

aim in life.

(3)The duplicity of social climbers

(4)The weakness of human nature

4.Character analysis

(1) Rebecca: intelligent, talented, determined, selfish, hostile, hypocritical, calculating,

impudent, ambitious, a merciless social climber

5.Techniques (contrast)

(1) George---Dobbin and Rawdon; (2) Old Sedley---Old Osborne; (3) Becky---Amelia;

(4) structure: the structure of development of their stories when one goes up, the other

goes down.

III. Pride and Prejudice

1.Characters: Bingley, Darcy, Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, Lydia, Wickham, Mr. Collins,

Charlotte, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, Lady Catherine

2.Themes

(1) Love; (2) Reputation; (3) Class

3.Motifs

(1)Courtship( a sort of forge of a person’s personality, a sort of love)

a. two courtships between Darcy and Elizabeth and between Bingley and Jane;

b. Mr. Collins wooing of Elizabeth, and his wooing of charlotte;

c. Wickhams’s pursuit of Elizabeth and Lydia

(2)Journeys: a. Elizabeth’s 1st journey to Charlotte and Mr. Collins; b. Her 2nd journey to

Pemberley; (3) Her 3rd journey to seek Lydia and Wickham

IV. Jane Eyre

1.Characters: Jane, Mrs. Reed, Bessie, Mr. Brocklehurst, Rochester, Mr. Mason, Bertha,

Grace Poole, St. John

2.Themes

(1) Love vs autonomy; (2) Social class; (3) Gender relations

3.Motifs

(1) Fire and ice: a. fire: Jane’s passions, anger and spirit; b. ice: the oppressive forces trying to extinguish Jane’s vitality; c. fire and ice: emotional desolation, loneliness, or even death 4.Symbols:

(1)Bertha Mason: a. trapped Victorian wife; b. Jane’s subconscious feelings of her rage

against oppressive social and gender norms

(2)The Red-room: what Jane must overcome in her struggles to find freedom, happiness,

and a sense of belonging.

V. Wuthering Heights

1.Characters: Lockwood, Heathcliff, Nelly, Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley, Catherine, Edgar

Linton, Isabella, Hareton, Linton

2.Themes

(1) The destructiveness of a love that never changes; (2) The precariousness of social class; (3) The conflict between nature and culture

3.Motifs

(1) Doubles: a. Characters: Heathcliff and Catherine, Little Catherine and Hareton; b. Houses; c. Narrators: Nelly and Mr. Lockwood; d. Families: the Lintons and the Earnshaws 4.Symbols

(1)Moors: uncultivated and infertile (the love between Heathcliff and Catherine)

(2)Ghosts: the manifestation of past within the present and the way memory stays with

people, permeating their day-to-day lives

V I. Tess of D’Urbervilles

1.Characters: Tess, Alec D’Urbervilles, Angel Clare, John Durbeyfield(Tess’s father)

2.Analysis of Characters:

1)Tess: a. brave, hardworking and innocent. b. a mythic heroine: Angels calls her a

“Daughter of Nature”, or refers to her by the Breed mythological names “Artemis”

and “Demeter”. c. a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class in nineteenth-century Britain. d. a representative of fallen humanity in a religious sense---Original sin.

2)Alec: a symbol of the base forces of life.

3)Angel: a. a freethinking person---disdain for tradition. b. a secularist: He yearns

to work for the “honor and glory of man,” rather than for the honor and glory of God.

c. a man floating above this worl

d.

3.Themes:

1)Hypocritical moral standard in Victorian age.

2)Oppression on women workers in that age.

3)Injustice of existence in life.

4)Changing ideals of social class in Victorian age.

5)Men dominating women.

6)The importance of natural force.

VII. Bernard Shaw

1.His writing techniques: He uses stage dialogue, monologue, witty remark, epigrams and

paradox.

2.Major Barbara:

1)Characters: Barbara(daughter), Undershaft(father), Cusins (Barbara’s fiancé---a

professor)

2)Themes: Degradation of the modern society --- Arms and the man, The will to kill,

The ideal community and the crime of poverty.

VIII. Imagism

Features: 1) The economy of expression and the use of a dominant image.

2) Direct treatment of the “thing”.

3) A rhythm like that of a musical phrase.

4) Imagist poems are usually written in free verse.

5) Imagists took some of their inspiration from Japanese verse form: haiku. The

first lin of a haiku contains five syllables; the second line seven; the third line

five.

IX William Butler Yeats

1.Status: a nationalist and a poet of man.

2.Mysterious belief: P483

3.Artistic technique: P481

4.The use of quarrelling opposites.

5.Writing technique: P483

X David Herbert Lawrence

1.Point of view: 1) Strong reaction against the mechanical civilization.(491)

2) Ideas about nature---instinctive happiness

3) Views on psychology---two selves: a white one and a black one.

4) Ideas of balance---the balance of the relationship between the husband

and wife.

2. Special features: 1) Criticism of the society 2) Chief concern---Human relationships

3) Style: realistic, naturalistic; psychological realism.

3. Sons and Loves: 1) Characters: Paul Morel(the second son), Gertrude(mother),

William(the eldest son), Miriam(a farmer’s daughter), Clara(a

worker).

2) Themes: a. The decadent civilization. b. Spiritual conflicts.

c. Oedipus complex.

4.Women in Love:

1)Characters: Ursula(elder sister), Birkin(a school inspector), Gudrun (younger

sister), Gerald ( a mine-owner).

2) Theme: The independence in marriage.

XI. James Joyce

1.Artistic points of view: 1) The object of art---anything can bring about beauty(unity,

harmony, charity) 2) Three types of literary art: lyric, narrative, dramatic(the most supreme) 3) Comedy is the most perfect artistic form.

2. A Portrait of the Artist a s a Young Man

1)Characters: Stephen Dedalus, Father Dolan.

2)Theme: a.Environmental oppression. b.The development of individual

consciousness c. Seeking self. d. The falsity of religious consciousness. f. The role of the artist: an isolated figure, but always conveying the voice of his entire community. g. The need for Irish autonomy.

3)Writing techniques: epiphany(顿悟): a moment of illumination, usually occurring at

or near the end of a work.

4)Writing structure: Body: young --- mature. Spirit: ignorance --- intelligence,

disillusion --- rebellion. Art: simple --- complex, na?ve --- mature.

3.Ulysses(anti-novel)

1)Characters: Leopold Bloom(modern Ulysses---anti-hero), Molly(Bloom’s wife),

Dedalus(a writer).

2)Writing techniques: stream of consciousness

3)Time: within 18 hours(the whole story)

4)Structure: 8am. Getting up. --- 10am. Leaving home --- post office --- church ---

funeral --- newspaper office --- library --- restaurant ---street --- 5pm. Pub ---10pm.

Hospital --- 12pm. Bloom’s home --- 2am. next day. going to bed.

5) Themes: a. The quest for self. b. The remorse of conscience. c. Compassion as

heroic.

图像处理中值滤波器中英文对照外文翻译文献

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图像处理外文翻译 (2)

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中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案资料

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中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案

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Romance of the Three Kingdoms, by which the three warriors Liu Bei, Guan Y u, and Zhang Fei became sworn brothers in a ceremony amid peach blossom trees. The original goal of the Peach Garden Oath was to protect the Han Dynasty from the Yellow Turbans. This act bound the three key men of the future Shu-Han Kingdom of China and is often alluded to as a symbol of fraternal loyalty. Nothing in historical records suggest such an event happened, though the three were noted to be close, to the point of sharing the same bed. The oath, as it appears in the Wikisource translation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1, was this: When saying the names Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, although the surnames are different, yet we have come together as brothers. From this day forward, we shall join forces for a common purpose, and come to each other's aid in times of crisis. We shall avenge the nation from above, and pacify the citizenry from below. We seek not to be born on the same day, in the same month and in the same year. We merely hope to die on the same day, in the same month and in the same year. May the gods of heaven and earth attest to what is in our hearts. If we should ever do anything to betray our friendship, may the gods in heaven strike us dead. In many other translations, only the section dealing with "dying on the selfsame day" is present. However, the three brothers do not die on the same day: Guan Yu is executed by Sun Quan, Zhang Fei is assassinated by his own men whom he treated with cruelty, and Liu Bei dies of illness after the disastrous attempts to avenge Guan Yu and reclaim the province of Jing. The oath inspired the present day secret societies in Chinese communities, such as the Triad, to use a similar ritual when swearing in new members. "Though not born on the same day of the same month in the same year, we hope to die so" — the phrase the three brothers made during the oath —had also become popular among the present day secret society members. （392 words） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a15784653.html,/wiki/Oath_of_the_Peach_Garden) Story 2: 颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛（三顾茅庐）故事 2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末

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Chapter2 Philosophy and Religions Chapter3 Literature Chapter4 Arts Chapter5 Education Chapter6 Science and Technology Chapter7 Sports PartIII Folk Customs Chapter 8 Traditional Festival Chapter 9 Culinary Culture Chapter 10 Dress and Adornments Chapter 11 Architecture Part IV Tourism Chapter 12 Major Tourist Cities Chapter 13 World Heritage Sites Chapter 14 Travel Tips Key to Exercises

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