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1.Punks, Ravers, Mods and Teddy Boys. No, these aren't some hot new bands, but the names of

a number of British youth subcultures(亚文化) from the last 70 years.

Youth Club, a UK not-for-profit organization, released a book earlier this year celebrating many different subcultures from throughout Britain s recent history.

"A catalyst(催化剂) for creativity on the worldwide stage, British youth culture movements from the Teddy Boys of the 1950s to the grime Scene of the 2000s continue to play a pioneering role in music, fashion and creativity across the globe," it wrote on its website.

These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others. Walking around London in the 1970s would have meant seeing dozens of young "punks" - people dressed in ripped denim(破洞牛仔裤), leather jackets, body piercings(穿孔) and with brightly-dyed hair—on the streets. And in the90s, “ravers” were young people who threw all-night parties in abandoned buildings or car parks.

So, what was the reason behind these subcultures?

"On both sides of the Atlantic, more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking for an escape from the boredom and constraints(约束)of society, "wrote lan Youngs, BBC entertainment reporter. "Unemployment, racial tensions and social upheaval (剧变)added fuel to their fires."

Youth subcultures have all but disappeared in the West. Some experts believe the reason for this is the instant and low-priced availability of music and clothing in the internet age.

"Fashion and music, they’re much cheaper and they’re much fa ster today, " Ruth Adams, a culture lecturer at Kings College London told The Guardian.

"When I was a teenager, you had to stick to one type of music or fashion, because it cost more money. Now, it' s all a bit more blurry(模糊不清的),” she said, believing that it's harder to figure out someone's personality or music tastes nowadays just by looking at them.

Despite this, Adams believes that today’s young people are still finding their own way to express themselves, but in a more modern way.

"It's certainly happening online," she said. "It's a lot easier to use personas(伪装) online just by showcasing certain types of mysterious knowledge."

4. According to the text, British youth subcultures____.

A. could be traced back to the 1970s

B. were started by Youth Club to promote creativity

C. were a way for youth to express their identities

D. had a greater impact on fashion than music

5. What contributed to the popularity of these youth subcultures?

a. Young people's desire for freedom and fun.

b. Young people's longing for fame and wealth.

c. The social pressure young people suffere

d.

d. The easy access to music and clothing.

A. a b

B. a c

C. b d

D. c d

6. Which of the following would Ruth Adams probably agree with?

A. Music and fashion trends develop too fast for young people to follow today.

B. Young people today are less willing to express themselves as her peers did.

C. Young people today are less interested in music and fashion than her peers used to be.

D. The internet makes it harder to figure out the personalities of young people today.

7. What's the author' s attitude toward subcultures?

A. Objective

B. Negative

C. Doubtful

D. Supportive

【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A

大是英国年轻人群众亚文化流行的原因。故选B。

2.Every pet owner loves his pet. There is no argument here.

But when we asked our readers whether they would clone their beloved animals, the responses were split almost down the middle. Of the 228 readers who answered it, 108 would lone, 111 would not and nine weighed each side without offering an opinion.

Clearly, from readers’ response, this is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and eventual sadness of owning a pet. It speaks, as wel l, to people’s widely differing expectations over the developing scientific procedure.

Most of the respondents who favored the idea strongly believed it would produce at least a close copy of the original; many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side, however, held little hope a clone could never truly recreate a pet, many simply didn’t wish to go against the natural law of life and death.

Both sides expressed equal love for their animals. More than a few respondents ow ned “the t dog/cat in the World”. They thought of their pets as their “best friend”, ‘‘a member of the family,” “the light of my life.” They told moving stories of pets’ heroism, intelligence and selfless devotion.

Little wonders the loss is so disturbing---and the cloning so attractive. “People become very lose to their animals, and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member

dies,” says Gary Kowalski, author of Goodbye, Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet. “For me, cloning feels like an attempt to turn death away... It’s understandable. Death is always painful. It’s difficult to deal with. It’s hard to accept.”

But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seemed to be at the heart of this problem.

4. So far as the cloning of pets is concerned, a recent survey shows that, of all pet owners, ,

A. a lot more of them are for it

B. a lot more of them are against it

C. very few of them are willing to tell their opinions

D. about half of them are for it and the other half against it

5. While talking about the respondents from the readers, the expression “eventual sadness of owning a pet” refers to ,

A. the troubles one has to deal with in keeping a pet

B. the high cost of owning a pet

C. the d eath of one’s pet

D. the dangers involved in the cloning of a pet

6. From what Gary Kowalski says, we can know that he ,

A. has never thought about the problem of cloning

B. is in favor of the idea of cloning pets

C. is going to write another book on pets

D. is all against the cloning of pets

7. What is the key question at the heart of the problem of cloning pets?

A. Can cloning make the pain one suffers less when a pet dies?

B. Can pet owners afford the cost of cloning?

C. Does cloning go against the law of nature?

D. How reliably does cloning produce an exact copy of one’s pet?

【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A

宠物者所带来的伤害。A项意为：人们养宠物所必须要处理的麻烦。B项意为：养宠物的高昂代价。C项意为：宠物的死亡。D项意为：关于宠物克隆的危险。故选C。

6. 细节理解题，题干问的是，根据这个人说的内容，我们可以了解到，根据倒数第二段中For me, cloning feels like an attempt to turn death away... It’s understandable.可知，对我来说，克隆是可以理解的，克隆可以尝试避免死亡。A项意为：他从来没有考虑过关于克隆的麻烦问题。B项意为：他支持克隆宠物这一观点，C

项意为：他要再写一本关于宠物的书，D项意为：他完全反对宠物克隆，故选B。

【点睛】做此类的观点态度概括题时，应应该把此人说的内容，全部阅读完，然后，根据关键词来判断，本题的关键词understandable能够理解的，表示本人对这一观点的支持。

7. 推理判断题，题干问的是，关于克隆宠物的问题，在养宠物者内心深处最关键的问题是什么？根据最后一段would cloning reduce the blow？，可知克隆会使宠物死的时候的痛苦变小吗？B项意为：养宠物者能够负担得起克隆的成本吗？C项意为：克隆违反自然规律吗？D项意为：克隆能够创造出一个人的宠物，有多大把握呢。故选A。

3.Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) may soon be able to turn their used forks and knives into tools and satellite parts.

Tethers Unlimited Inc., an aerospace technology company, has developed a system that combines a waste recycling machine with a 3D printer.

Astronauts will put waste items made of plastic into the recycling machine, called the Poistrusion Recycler. When they press a button, the Recycler will melt down the plastic and turn it into 3D filament (长丝).

The filament will e used in a 3D printer on the ISS-called the Refabricator-to make tools, spare parts and satellite components.

The waste will come from packaging materials, food containers, trays and eating utensils (器具) used on the ISS. Astronaut currently use disposable wet wipes to clean their food containers and utensils. The used wipes are stored as trash (垃圾), and replacement wipes must be sent up to the ISS on cargo missions.

By recycling old food containers and utensils, astronauts will reduce the amount of trash they produce. To get rid of trash from the ISS, astronaut load it into empty cargo capsules (航天舱) and release it into space. The capsules burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere.

Turning trash into useful new items will also help NASA save money because astronauts will need fewer supplies. It costs about $ 6,000 for every kilogram launched into orbit. These benefits will be even more important for longer missions in the future-such as the two-year journey to Mars. Astronauts will be able to recycle old waste materials into new tools and parts as they need them.

Tethers have successfully tested the systems in its laboratory. They will test it on the ISS in late 2018. The company is also developing a version of the system for use here on Earth.

12. What material are the forks and knives for astronauts made of?

A. Gold.

B. Iron

C. Plastic.

D. Wood.

13. At present, the astronauts mainly get supplies by .

A. 3D printers

B. reusing the old ones

C. collecting from the space

D. the capsules launched from the earth

14. What can the new technology help the astronauts do?

A. Reuse the trash.

B. Send the trash to Mars.

C. Take the trash to the earth.

D. Load the trash into empty capsules and throw it away.

15. What is the biggest benefit of the new technology mentioned in the text?

A. It can save some space for the ISS.

B. It can gave more time for the astronauts.

C. It can provide more conditions to explore space.

D. It can help to reduce the journey from Earth to Mars.

【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. C

13. D

14. D

根据第六段中的最后To get rid of trash from the ISS, astronaut load it into empty cargo capsules (航天舱) and release it into space. The capsules burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere.可知，这段技术可帮助宇航员把垃圾倒进航天舱并扔掉。故选D项。

15. C

推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知这种新技术可把塑料废物回收并利用。减少了宇航员们在空间站的垃圾量。第七段可知，同时也有助于NASA节省资金，因为宇航员将需要更少的补给，让他们可进行更长久更远的宇宙旅行等。由这两处可知它可以为探索空间提供更多的条件。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C 项。

4.Today tropical rainforests are disappearing from the face of the globe. Despite growing international concern, rainforests continue to be destroyed at a pace over 80,000 acres per day. World rainforest cover now stands at around 2.5million square miles. Human activities have had an effect on much of this remaining area.

Deforestation(森林滥伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction, the loss of important ecosystem services and renewable resources, and the reduction of carbon sinks. However, this destruction can be slowed, stopped, and in some cases even reversed(逆转). Most people agree that the problem must be solved, but the means are not as simple as building fences around the remaining rainforests or banning the wood trade. Economic, political, and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.

So, what should be done? The solution must be based on what is practical, not completely idealistic and

depends on developing a conservation approach built on the principle of sustainable(可持续的) use and development of rainforests. Beyond the responsible development of rainforests, efforts to restore damaged forest lands along with the establishment of protected areas are key to securing rainforests for the long-term benefits they can provide for mankind.

Historic approaches to rainforest conservation have failed, as shown by the increased rate of deforestation. In many regions, closing off forests as untouchable parks and reserves has neither improved the quality of living or economic opportunities for the rural poor, nor stopped forest clearing by illegal woodcutters and developers.

The problem with this traditional approach to preserving wildlands in developing countries is that it fails to develop proper economic motives for preserving the forest. Local people and the government itself must see financial returns to prove the costs of maintaining parks from economic activities.

8. What has caused some species extinction in the tropical rainforests?

A. Humans' destroying the trees.

B. Carbon sinks being reduced.

C. Lacking renewable resources.

D. Fences not being built around the rainforests.

9. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Tropical rainforests can be easily preserved.

B. Rainforests must be closed off to be better protected.

C. Human activities have had an effect on tropical rainforests.

D. Economic returns can make some difference in protecting tropical rainforests.

10. What is the author's attitude to tropical rainforest protection?

A. Indifferent.

B. Concerned.

C. Doubtful.

D. Puzzled.

11. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To show the bad effects of deforestation.

B. To stress the importance of the rainforests.

C. To appeal for right ways to save the rainforests.

D. To introduce the fact of forests disappearing.

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A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability –and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

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