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高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点

高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点
高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点

高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点

高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点

1. 语态和时态

—do you see those people on the little sandy island?

—yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. i wonder why.

a. were waving

b. waved

c. had waved

d. have been waving

【正确答案】d

【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时:表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束,句中常出现用for, since,how long等引导的时间状语。 his telephone has been ringing for a long it hasbeen raining since last sunday. how long have you been wearing glasses?

【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的,我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕,我不知道为什么。”

【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的,然后一直在挥,一直挥到了说话的这个时候,所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时,强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看

一下其他几个时态:

a选项是were waving——过去进行时,它指的是:①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;——过去时,过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作,所以我们知道a 和b这两个时态都是和过去有关,而和现在是没有一点关系的,所以a和b这两个答案错了。

c. had waved——过去完成时:过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态,那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去,例如: by theend of last year, we had built 5 newschools.到去年年底为止,我们已经建造了5所学校。首先,过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我们用过去完成时——hadbuil

d.和现在是更加没有联系了,所以这个答案也是不正确的。

题干中的时间状语是“for the last halfhour”,注意这个last不是指“最后的”,而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”,那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last halfhour、recent这种词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时,因为它指的是“刚才”,那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是d.

2. 名词性从句

the information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.

a. those

b. who

c. whoever

d. anyone

【正确答案】c

【高考考点】考查名词性从句,顾名思义就是名词,它可充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语,所以相应的名词性从句也分为有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句。

【题干句意】“这个消息可能会对任何将接管这个工作的人有所帮助。”whoever = anyonewho“任何怎么怎么样的人”所以这个答案是正确的。我们再来看其他几个答案为什么不对呢?

【详细解析】a选项是those,如果those填在这里的话就会变成缺少关系代词who,如选those,那those will take overthejob“那些人将会取代这个工作”,它就变成了一个独立的句子,而不是一个从句,更加就不是一个宾语从句了,所以从原则上说它是错误的,那么怎样改才是正确的呢?很简单,只要在这个those的后面加一个关系代词who,把它变成一个定语从句——thosewho will take over the job,“那些将要接管这个工作的人”,那么这样就可以了。

b选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问

, who will take over the job has not been decidedyet. d选项是anyone,错误的原因也是缺少关系代词who.

比较those who和anyone who,前者是“那些……的人”,后者表示“任何……的人”。区别就是在于thosewho是一个复数的概念,“那些人”,后面的谓语动词要用复数;而anyone who是表示任何一个人,后面要用单数的谓语动词。

3. 虚拟语气和情态动词

—david, we went to lake geneva for the weekend.

—that _______ a very nice change. i wish i had gone there.

a. must be

b. must have been

c. could be

d. could have been

【正确答案】b

【高考考点】考查情态动词。

首先a和b里面都有must,must表推测,它表示“肯定…”,这个语气是非常确定的,百分之百的;那么当must 表推测的时候呢,它还可以表示不同的时间,例如:第一,must be表示的是“现在的状态”,he must be a teacher. 他肯定是一个老师。

第二,must be doing表示“现在进行的动作”,they must be having a meeting in theoffice.他们现在肯定正在办公室里开会。

第三,must have done表示“过去发生的事情”,you must have met himyesterday.你昨天肯定见过他了。让我们看一

下将“must havebeen”填到题干里面是否正确?句意:“david,我们周末去了日内瓦湖。”“哦,那肯定是一个非常好的改变,我希望我也去那里了。”这里是表示一个肯定的推测;又因为是上个周末的事情,说明这件事情已经发生了,我们所以用have been,而不是a。

【详细解析】c选项是could轻微的怀疑或委婉的陈述看法,“可能” his story could be true, but i hardlythink it is.他所说的这个故事可能是真的,但是我基本上不相信。

d选项是could have done虚拟语气,某事过去有可能发生而实际没有,“本来可以”,表示惋惜、遗憾the accidentcould have been prevented.这个车祸原本是可以避免的。 you could have done better, but youdidn’t try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的,但是你并没有尽自己最大的努力。

4. 代词

knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates hisideas to _______ by means of speech.

a. other

b. another

c. the other

d. an other

【正确答案】b

【高考考点】考查代词

【详细解析】other用作代词时,意为“另一个”、“别

人”,不单独使用:the other, others, the others.

1. the other ①两者中的另一个,与one连用(就两者),one hand / the other hand ②用作定语 +[pl.],另一方中的“全部其余的” i like this book, and i like the other books too.我喜欢这本书,我也喜欢其他所有的书。

2. others是other的[pl.],泛指“别的人或物”(但不含全部) 。 some are carrying water;o

thers are watering the trees.一些人在提水,另外一些人在浇树。(others指的“其他人”不是剩下的全部,而是“一部分”)

3. the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”。 i have ten pencils. two ofthem are red, and the others are blue.我有10支铅笔,其中的两支是红色的,其余的(8只)是蓝色的。

4. another用作代词时,常与one组合构成one …another,“另一个人”、“另一回事”,指同一组内的两个个体。 oneperson may like fishing, while another may preferhunting.一个人可能是喜欢钓鱼,而另一个可能喜欢打猎。(世界上不可能有2个人,所以它指的是没有一个特指的,“其他一个人”)

【题干句意】知识是开始增加的,当一个个人把他的想法通过语言表达给另一个人的时候。这里指的是另一个人,并没有一个特指的范围说是谁,是哪里的另外一个人,所以用one…another。d选项没有这种用法。

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